Group Communication

Unit 6 Group COmmunication

VSVA Mrs. Sims (Davis)

Index

5. Advantages and Disadvantages

4. Types of Small Groups

10. Leadership Styles

15.

3. Functions of small Groups

2. Small Groups

14.

9. Managing Group Conflict

8. Group Pressure Conflict and Tension

13.

1. Summary

12. Persuasive Essay Outline

7. Dynamics

11. Group Member Roles

6. Stages of Development

Summary

- Identify the basic principles of group communication, including characteristics, functions, and types. - Explain the aids and barriers to small group communication for decision-making and problem solving. - Identify and use different conflict management styles. - Identify and use different leadership styles. - Engage in productive self and team evaluations.

Characteristics

What is a small group?

Small group communication are interactions among three or more people connected with a common purpose, mutual influence, and shared identity. Groups make it easier for us to complete a wide variety of tasks. Help us establish meaningful social bonds Help us create, maintain, and change our sense of self

Functions ofSmall Groups

What small groups do!

Groups Meet Instrumental Needs

Groups meet interpersonal needs

Groups meet identity needs

Types of Small Groups

Practice

Task Oriented

Relational Oriented

Teams

Virtual

Successful Groups

Can slow down the process. Groupthink can occur. People fear conflict

Pros and Cons

Advantages

Shared decision-making Shared resources Synergy Exposure to diversity Increased knowledge Broaden perspectives Expand social network

Disadvantages

Watch Me!

Practice our Stages

Stages of Small Group Development

Small groups have to start somewhere. Even established groups go through changes as members come and go, as tasks are started and completed, and as relationships change.

Forming

Storming

Norming

Performing

Adjourning

Practice

Group Socialization

Task Cohesion

Social Cohesion

Group Climate

Dynamics

Any time a group of people comes together, new dynamics are put into place that differ from the dynamics present in our typical dyadic interactions.

Group Pressure

External pressures to conform include group policies, rewards or punishments, or other forces outside of individual group members also exert conformity pressure.

Internal pressure to conform occurs when people conform to norms due to self-governing.

Persuasive Speech

Watch this speech and identify: Goal, Talking Points, andEvidence

Group Conflicts

What is happening when things don't work

Procedural conflict

Substantive conflict

Interpersonal conflict

Primary Tension: based on uncertainty that is part of initial interactions and occurs during the forming stage. Secondary Tension: emerges after groups have passed the forming stage of group development and begin to have conflict over member roles, differing ideas, and personality conflicts.

Analyzing Tension

.For each card write out a conflict scenario and how you would use the management tip. Submit in D2L as a text submission.

Activity

Cards

Managing Group Conflict

Clarify the issue at hand by getting to the historical roots of the problem.

Create a positive discussion climate by encouraging and rewarding active listening.

Discuss needs rather than solutions.

Set boundaries for discussion and engage in gatekeeping to prevent unproductive interactions like tangents and personal attacks.

Use “we” language to maintain existing group cohesion and identity, and use “I” language to help reduce defensiveness.

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What Makes a Good Leader?

Think of the good leaders in your life, write them below or share about them with your class.

How are leaders Made and Chosen?

Traits

distinguishes leaders from followers based on traits or personal characteristics

Situations

The events that lead or trigger various environments for potential leadership

Communication Skills

Somehows ability to communicate with individuals as well as the whole group

How do leaders Emerge?

Leaders emerge and are chosen for one of three reasons typically:-Their Traits give leadership - The situation chooses a leader - Their communication skills and competencies enable them to become a leader

LeadershipStyles

Figure out how Leaders Lead

Directive leaders

Participative leaders

Supportive leaders

Leadership Styles

Practice

Achievement-oriented leaders

Autocratic leaders

Democratic leaders

Laissez-faire leaders

Types of Power

- Group Member Roles Can be Formal or Informal- Group members can play more than one role -Group roles can change from meeting to meeting, or may be consistent over a longer period of time. -we all play multiple roles within a group and must draw on multiple communication behaviors in order to successfully play them

Group Member Roles

Task Leader

Expediter

Information Provider

Information Seeker

Gatekeeper

contribute directly to the group’s completion of a task or achievement

takes notes on the discussion and activities that occur during a group meeting

Recorder

Practice

Task Related Roles

Chosen for their maturity to lhelp get tasks done. Can be very stressful and demanding of a position.

keep the group on track toward completing its task by managing the agenda and assessing goals to monitor the group’s progress.

Often a shared role. Gives relevant information related to the task to lead to accomplishment.

asks for more information, elaboration, or clarification on items relevant to the group’s task.

manages the flow of conversation in a group to achieve an appropriate balance so that all group members get to participate.

Reflection

Social- Emotional

Supporter

Tension Releaser

Harmonizer

Interpreter

function to create and maintain social cohesion and fulfill the interpersonal needs of group member

Click here to reflect on which role you typically fill, and why.

Maintenance Roles

analyze the group dynamics and climate and then initiate the appropriate role behaviors to maintain a positive climate.

communication behaviors that encourage other group members and provide emotional support as needed.

who uses humor and energy to manage the frustration level of the group.

help manage the various types of group conflict that emerge during group communication.

helps manage the diversity within a group where difference is seen as an opportunity rather than as something to be feared.

Central Negative

Monopolizer

Self- Confessor

Insecure Compliment Seeker

Joker

The behaviors associated with all the self-centered roles divert attention from the task to the group member exhibiting the behavior.

We all have bad days and sometimes partake in these roles. However, this role is not a one off day, it's more consistently shown behavior

Disclaimer

Practice

Self Centered Roles

The central negative argues against most of the ideas and proposals discussed in the group

a group member who makes excessive verbal contributions, preventing equal participation by other group members.

a group member who tries to use group meetings as therapy sessions for issues not related to the group’s task.

wants to know that they are valued by the group and seeks recognition that is often not task-related.

s a person who consistently uses sarcasm, plays pranks, or tells jokes, which distracts from the overall functioning of the group.

All roles Practice

Blocker

Withdrawer

Aggressor

Doormat

mentally and/or physically removes themselves from group activities and only participates when forced to.

Unproductive Roles Practice

Unproductive Roles

intentionally or unintentionally keeps things from getting done in the group.

a group member who makes excessive verbal contributions, preventing equal participation by other group members.

Does whatever they want, whenever they want. Can often tear down and hurt others who disagree with them.

is a person who is chronically submissive to the point that it hurts the group’s progress

Criterea

Complete Outline Template

References

Persuasive Speech Outline

For your final speech, and SDC test you will use the Monroe’s Motivated Sequence Outline. Today we will do a practice outline. Tomorrow you will create another outline during your review!

Introduction/Attention

Body/Need

Body/Satisfaction

Body/Visualization

Conclusion/Action

You need to be able to research and provide data for your speech. Pick a topic that has research available

Citation

5-7 minutes!

Policy

Keep it Simple

Clear Action Item

Unbiased

Choose a topic based on policy, and that you can be objective about

Choosing a TOpic

Something that should be introduced to an institution, or a rule that should be removed

You should be able to summarize your topics and thesis in a few sentences.

Your audience should be able to take roughly three steps to clearly advocate for your policy change.

You need to be able to clearly articulate in a non negative manner both sides of the argument

Social cohesion refers to the attraction and liking among group members.

High Cohesion Symptoms: -group members who are willing to stick with the group during times of difficulty -satisfied group members who identify with, promote, and defend the group -experience less anger and tension -members who are willing to listen to each other and offer support and constructive criticism

Participative leaders work to include everyone in the decision-making process.

Interpersonal Needs

family group, friendship groups, activity groups, and support groups.

Democratic Leaders

facilitate group discussion and like to take input from all members before making a decision.

Group Socialization

refers to the process of teaching and learning the norms, rules, and expectations associated with group interaction and group member behaviors. Socialization continues after initial membership through the enforcement of rules and norms. When someone deviates from the rules and norms and is corrected, it serves as a reminder for all other members and performs a follow-up socializing function. Since rules are explicitly stated and documented, deviation from the rules can have consequences ranging from verbal warnings to temporary or permanent separation from the group and fines or other sanctions. And although norms are implicit, deviating from them can still have consequences.

Teams

task-oriented groups dedicated to a task or to members.

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Outline Format:

Conclusion Criteria: Each section of the body of your speech should do the following: 1.) Signaled Conclusion: Effectively used a signaling term and nonverbal cue to transition to theconclusion.2.) Summary: Enthusiastically summarized need, action to take and benefits.3.) Final Appeal to Action/Ended Strongly: Dramatically closed speech with a clinching statement and a plea to act.

Identify the Speakers goals, talking points, and evidence!

Norming

the practices and expectations of the group are solidified, which leads to more stability, productivity, and cohesion within the group. Members are being socialized to the group rules and norms during this stage. Group rules are explicitly stated guidelines for members and may refer to things like expected performance levels or output, attitudes, or dress codes.

Relational

promote interpersonal connections that contribute to the well-being of group members.

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leaders speak more fluently, have a more confident tone, and communicate more often than other group members.

Leaders are also moderately more intelligent than other group members, Group members are not as likely to designate or recognize an emergent leader that they perceive to be exceedingly more intelligent than them.

leaders are usually more extroverted, assertive, and persistent than other group members.

communication ability

Intelligence

Personality

physical appearance

designated leaders tend to be taller and more attractive than other group members

Instrumental needs

providing services to members, advocating for change, or providing information.

Sorting

Begin by completing this sorting activity! Afterwards navigate to the D2L and complete the assignment: "Development stagies situations"

Practice the stages

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Forming

Group members begin to reduce the uncertainty associated with new relationships and/or new tasks through initial interactions that lay the foundation for later group dynamics. Groups return to the forming stage as group members come and go over the life span of a group.

Group climate is the enduring tone and quality of group interaction.

Participation. Group members feel better when they feel included in the discussion and a part of the functioning of the group. Messages. Confirming messages help build relational dimensions within a group, and clear, organized, and relevant messages help build task dimensions within a group. Feedback. Positive, constructive, and relevant feedback contribute to the group climate. Equity. Aside from individual participation, group members also like to feel as if participation is managed equally within the group and that appropriate turn-taking is used. Clear and accepted roles. Group members like to know how status and hierarchy operate within a group. Knowing the roles isn’t enough to lead to satisfaction, though—members must also be comfortable with and accept those roles. Motivation. Member motivation is activated by perceived connection to and relevance of the group’s goals or purpose.

• The first stage only covers a brief period, perhaps no longer than a portion of one meeting. During this first stage, about half of the group’s members are eliminated from the possibility of being the group’s leader
• The second stage of leader emergence is where a more or less pronounced struggle for leadership begins. Group members not involved in this struggle may not know who to listen to, which can lead to low task and social cohesion and may cause a group to fail.

Task Oriented

solve a problem, promote a cause, or generate ideas or information.

Reflect and Review

• Size: Three or more. To avoid complications, the number of members should be limited to those necessary to complete the task.

• Structure: vary as leaders emerge and members gravitate to roles.

• Interdependence: share common purpose and common fate.

• Identity: Shared Identity ariound shared goal.

Characteristics

Autocratic Leaders

set policies and make decisions primarily on their own, taking advantage of the power present in their title or status to set the agenda for the group.

Purdue Owl

Use this website for examples of MLA How to list your reference page examples: Last Name, First name. "Title" Source, Publish Date, URL, Accessed Date Dean, Cornelia. "Executive on a Mission: Saving the Planet." The New York Times, 22 May 2007, www.nytimes.com/2007/05/22/science/earth/22ander.html?_r=0. Accessed 29 May 2019. Uzawa, Hirofumi. Economic Theory and Global Warming. Cambridge UP, 2003.

MLA Format

Behaviours

Communication

• Regulating participation
• Climate making
• Instigating group self-analysis
• Resolving conflict
• Instigating productive conflict

• Goal setting
• Agenda making
• Clarifying
• Summarizing
• Verbalizing consensus
• Generalizing from specific ideas

Communication Competencies in Leaders

• Contributing ideas
• Seeking ideas
• Evaluating ideas
• Seeking idea evaluation
• Visualizing abstract ideas
• Generalizing from specific ideas

Outline Format:

Introduction Criteria: Your Introduction should do the following four things/1.) Gained Attention: Began speech with a highly effective, dynamic attention grabber that captured the audience’s attention. 2.) Related Topic to Audience: Effectively introduced topic, relating the attention grabber tothe topic, and relating the topic to the audience.3.) Established Credibility: Emphasized speaker expertise on the topic by stating researchefforts and experience.4.) Previewed Purpose: Purpose statementwas highly effective and clearly stated main points in a compelling manner.

Outline Format:

Body Criteria: Each section of the body of your speech should do the following: 1.) Visualization Vividly described the benefits if the audience follows the plan of actionor consequences if tthey do not.2.) Provided Support: Variety and detail of support for each main point is outstanding.3.) Provided ResearchExcellent incorporation of oral citations with unbiased, vivid, and exciting information.4.) Arguments Arguments are thoughtful, thorough and without fallacies.

Outline Format:

Body Criteria: Each section of the body of your speech should do the following:1.) SatisfactionEffectively explained a step- by-step action plan for the audience tosolve the problem. 2.) Provided Support: Variety and detail of support for each main point is outstanding.3.) Provided ResearchExcellent incorporation of oral citations with unbiased, vivid, and exciting information.4.) Arguments Arguments are thoughtful, thorough and without fallacies.

Task cohesion refers to the commitment of group members to the purpose and activities of the group.

High Cohesion Symptoms: -set goals easily -are more productive -experience fewer attendance issues -high commitment to achieving the purpose of the group

Avoiding Group Think

• divvy up responsibilities between group members, so decision-making power isn’t in the hands of a few
• track contributions of group members in such a way that each person’s input and output is recorded so that they can be discussed
• encourage and reward the expression of minority and dissenting opinions
• allow members to submit ideas prior to a discussion so that opinions aren’t swayed by members who propose ideas early in a discussion
• question each major decision regarding its weaknesses and potential negative consequences relative to competing decisions (encourage members to play “devil’s advocate”)
• have decisions reviewed by an outside party that wasn’t involved in the decision-making process
• have a “reflection period” after a decision is made and before it is implemented, during which group members can express reservations or second thoughts about the decision

Directive leaders give clear expectations, schedules, and guidance.

Virtual

Any small group that meets online.

Outline Format:

Body Criteria: Each section of the body of your speech should do the following:1.) Established Need Establishment of need was exceptional and added persuasive impact.2.) Provided Support: Variety and detail of support for each main point is outstanding.3.) Provided ResearchExcellent incorporation of oral citations with unbiased, vivid, and exciting information.4.) Arguments Arguments are thoughtful, thorough and without fallacies.

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Procedural Conflict

emerges from disagreements or trouble with the mechanics of group operations. Deals with how.

Interpersonal Conflict

emerges from conflict between individual members of the group. Deals with who.

Performing

group members work relatively smoothly toward the completion of a task or achievement of a purpose. Although interactions in the performing stage are task-focused, the relational aspects of group interaction provide underlying support for the group members. Socialization outside of official group time can serve as a needed relief from the group’s task. During task-related interactions, group members ideally begin to develop a synergy that results from the pooling of skills, ideas, experiences, and resources.

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Storming

conflict emerges as people begin to perform their various roles, have their ideas heard, and negotiate where they fit in the group’s structure. The uncertainty present in the forming stage begins to give way as people begin to occupy specific roles and the purpose, rules, and norms of a group become clearer. Conflict develops when some group members aren’t satisfied with the role that they or others are playing or the decisions regarding the purpose or procedures of the group.

Successful Group Qualities

clear and inspiring shared goals, a results-driven structure, competent team members, a collaborative climate, high standards for performance, external support and recognition ethical and accountable leadership.

Laissez-faire

take a “hands-off” approach, preferring to give group members freedom to reach and implement their own decisions.

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Achievement-oriented leaders strive for excellence.

Practice

Types of Power

Legitimate power – titleExpert power – special expertise Referent power – reputation or personality Information powe-r comes through informal channels and well-established social and professional networks. Reward power -comes from the ability of a group member to provide a positive incentive. Coercive power- comes from the ability of a group member to provide a negative incentive.

Identity Needs

join with others who have similar beliefs, attitudes, values, or cultural identities.

Adjourning

occurs when a group dissolves because it has completed its purpose or goal, membership is declining, support for the group no longer exists, or it is dissolved because of some other internal or external cause. Some groups may live on indefinitely and not experience the adjourning stage. Other groups may experience so much conflict in the storming stage that they skip norming and performing and dissolve before they can complete their task.

Persuasive Speech

Criteria and Guidelines

• 5-7 minutes
• Can not read speech or you will receive a 0
• Needs to be UNBIASED
• Includes a clear thesis statement
• Use Complete Sentences and correct grammar
• 4 non personal resources

Supportive leaders show concern for the individual members.

Substantive Conflict

focuses on group members’ differing beliefs, attitudes, values, or ideas related to the purpose or task of the group. Deals with what.

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