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Q1 Chemistry Review

Andrea Harvey

Created on November 5, 2024

Escape the mummy's tomb using your google skills, dimensional analysis, graphing skills and a little atomic theory!

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Q1 Review Google research, significant digits, graphing and atomic structure
Because Chemistry is the central science!!

Why ChEmistry?

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the first hint is free, after that, it's -5 points EACH

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the latitude is 29 58'45''N

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Ancient Egyptians were quite accomplished chemists. They used several chemicals and substances in their embalming process. Here are some of the key materials they employed:

  • Natron: A naturally occurring salt mixture composed primarily of sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate. This was the most important desiccating agent used to dry out the body.
  • Resin: Various plant resins were used, including coniferous resins like pine and cedar. These had preservative properties and pleasant aromas.
  • Bitumen: Also known as asphalt, this was sometimes used in later periods of ancient Egyptian history as a preservative and to blacken the skin.
  • Essential oils: Oils like cedar oil, myrrh, and cinnamon were used for their aromatic and antibacterial properties.
  • Palm wine: Used in washing the internal organs.
  • Beeswax: Applied to the skin to help preserve it and seal the body.
  • Cassia and other spices: Used for their aromatic properties and to help mask odors.
  • Onions: Surprisingly, onions were sometimes used in the abdominal cavity for their antibacterial properties.
  • Linen: While not a chemical, linen bandages soaked in resin were an integral part of the mummification process.
The exact combination and proportions of these materials varied over time and depending on the status of the deceased. The embalming process was complex and evolved over thousands of years of Egyptian history.

Question #2

Many of the chemicals and materials used in ancient Egyptian embalming were sourced locally, but some were imported from other regions. Here's a breakdown of the origins of key materials:

  • Natron: Primarily sourced locally from the Wadi Natrun in Lower Egypt, and the Kharga Oasis in Upper Egypt.
  • Resins:
    • Locally sourced: Some resins came from trees native to Egypt.
    • Imported: Many high-quality resins were imported from regions like Lebanon, Syria, and parts of East Africa. Cedar resin, highly prized, came mainly from Lebanon.
    • Bitumen: Imported from the Dead Sea region and Mesopotamia.
  • Essential oils and spices:
    • Myrrh: Imported from the land of Punt (likely modern-day Somalia or Ethiopia).
    • Cinnamon: Imported from South Asia, likely India or Sri Lanka.
    • Frankincense: Imported from southern Arabia (modern-day Yemen and Oman) and East Africa.
  • Palm wine: Locally produced in Egypt.
  • Beeswax: Locally sourced in Egypt.
  • Cassia: Imported, likely from Southeast Asia.
  • Onions: Locally grown in Egypt.
  • Linen: Produced locally in Egypt, as flax was a major crop.

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