Industrial Revolution

the story of the

Industrial Revolution

historical background (contesto storico

Late 18th century:

• enlightment and scientific revolution
• Agricultural Revolution
• rise of the middle class: bourgeoisie

Early 19th century:

Causes

• Industrial Revolution
• Social Reforms
• Urbanisation
• New cultural and literature movement

• Demographic growth
• Aboundance of natural materials
• The agricultural production
• Increase of trade
• Social growth in cities
• Bad paid labour
• Work conditions

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when & where?

what is it?

This process began in Britain and from there spread to other parts of the world

the process of change from an agrarian to an industrial and machine manufacturing economy. These technological changes introduced new ways of working and living and fundamentally transformed society

Started in the 18th century and completed in the early 19th century

where

• Manufacturing
• Agriculture
• Mines (coal mining)
• Industry (metals or textile)

• Domestic work/service
• Transportation

who

• Child labourers • Craftsman • Miners • Artisan

• Farmer • Factory Workers • Inventors • Woman workers

work

conditions

Child labor

• employed at the age of 5-6
• Put into manual labour or machinery
• 13-16h x day
• Wages = a fraction of an adult
• Negative physical and psychological impact
• Abuse
• Lead to reform

• unsanitary environment
• Very long hours
• No workers rights

• poor living/household conditions
• Unsafe working places
• Low wages/salary
• Gender discrimination

04

Inventions

1. Steam engine - Invented by James Watt
2. steam locomotive -> by Richard Trevithick
3. steamship -> by Robert Fulton
4. mechanical chassis -> by Edmund Cartwright
5. telegraph -> by Samuel Morse
6. typewriter
7. cotton gin -›Eli Whitney

Impact on the global trade

It changed under many points...

1. exploitation of colonies for raw materials (low cost labour & cheap materials)
2. Trade based on manufactured products (higher quality)
3. Expansion of trade routes
4. Exportation of technologies and tequniques

PRO

• the wealth/ richness of raw materials (especially iron and coal)• the efficiency of the transport network • the possibility of a vast international market • the migration of peasants from the countryside to the cities

VS

CONS

• overpopulation of society in a city
• not enough job places
• they don't keep in mind human rights = this is the reason why strikes begin
• huge poverty in urban areas in the cities

Changes in society

social

urbanization

economical

• more job opportunities• the class system was altered • faster way of life made through new technological innovations and ideas • the community became more oriented to survival

• rise and growth of cities• overcrowding • inadequate infrastructure • spread of epidemic diseases • poor housing for working people

• increase in wealth, the production of goods and the standards of living• healthier diets• better housing• cheaper goods

Elizabeth Gaskell

• fictional author, mid 1800s
• From Manchester, England
• Focused on working class
• "Mary Barton"

Charles Dickens

Robert Owen

• Writer, journalist and travel reporter
• "Oliver Twist," "David Copperfield," "A Tale of Two Cities," and "Great Expectations"
• Documented & criticise social conditions

• textile manufacturer, social reformer and founder of utopian socialism
• "A new view of society "
• documented his experience in work : management of the mill

Questo è un paragrafo pronto a contenere creatività, esperienze e storie geniali.

iconography

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Owen
• https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Dickens
• https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Gaskell
• britannica.com
• Icps.org
• https://www.britannica.com/event/Industrial-Revolution
• investopedia.com
• https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivoluzione_industriale
• https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/industrialization-labor-and-life/6th-grade/

• 17:06The Industrial Revolution: Crash Course European History #24YouTube · CrashCourse5 nov 2019

06

Literature

influence on: culture, art and literature

the process of urbanization impacted Modernist literature, the city and urban life played a vital role in modernist texts. The city became often the predominant character itself.

Art

Culture

Romanticism, Impressionism, and the Hudson River school dedicated to the majesty of nature. The art of the Industrial Revolution tends to be pastoral and plein-aire

the Industrial Revolution destroyed the culture, cities were transformed into factories, more people began working for companies instead for themselves.

Woman's Role

• Women were forced to join the workforce to provide for their families • They were some of the hardest working employees in mills and factories • they had to transform the home into a haven for men and they were morally responsible for raising dutiful children. • women fought for workplace equality but first needed to achieve equal voting rights

English textile designer Created vivid floral designs for silk fabrics hand-woven

Anna Maria Garthwaite

Born in Lowe, she was: engeneer , self-taught and the first women engineers (focus on naval propulsion)

Henrietta Vansittart

did you know?

Talking about food...

• The factory owners= in charge of feeding
• eat while working
• Food : contaminated & unfit for consumption
• Main meal =oat cakes

• Pies
• Yorkshire Parkin
• Boiled Bacon and CabbageLiread
• Garibaldi Biscuits
• Gruel
• Crumpets
• Coffee