Topic 1- EID 505- Santini

Board

Activity

Summary

Personalization Principle

Summary

Modality Principle

Title Slide

Summary

Multimedia Principle

Summary

Redundancy Principle

Learning Principle Associated with each

Visual Examples

Summary

Contiguity Principle

Summary

Coherence Principle

Effective & Ineffective Elements

Creativity

References

Multimedia Principle

The Multimedia principle states that people learn better from words and pictures, than they would with words alone (Kacz, 2017). Chiu & Churchill (2016) add that all texts and visuals are meant to help the learner so there is unnecessary cognitive process.

3 Examples of Trainings and 1 Principle that applies

1. Mandated Reporter Compliance Training for Teachers- These trainings used many of Mayer's Principles, but one specific one was the Personalization Principle. The narrator addressed the learner as if they were a colleague giving information. They used acadmeic vocabulary, but it was in a conversational tone.
2. Language Essential for Teachers of Reading (LETRS) Training- You will find the Multimedia Principles in all of these trainings. There are a lot of complex ideas involved in this learning which the trainers support using graphics and diagrams well.
3. Orton Gillingham IMSE Training- One principle that stands out for me is the Coherence Principle. The trainer tried to use too many graphics that were unneccessary and became extraneous. The visuals and texts made learning and following along difficult. "Less is more" and it applied to this training.

Personalization Principle

The Personalization Principle states that using a conversational style, human voice, and polite wording when presenting or narrating is better than using academic or robotic tone (Peck, 2021).

Coherence Principle

This principle states that people learn better when extraneous (unneccessary or unrelated) pictures, words and sounds are omitted from the slide (Kacz, 2017). Adding extraneous material can hurt or impair learning (Peck, 2021) The goal is to keep everything that supports the learning goal in and anything that may distract the attention away from the learning goals out (Peck, 2021).

Redundancy Principle

The Redundancy Principle states that information should be explained with narration or text, but not both (Peck, 2021). If you are presenting a slide, you should not be narrating what is there in text. It is repetetive and unneccessary (Peck, 2021).

Modality Principle

The Modality Principle states that it is better to describe graphics with narration rather than on-screen text (Peck, 2021). Moreover, still images are more effective with narration than the learner trying read text about an animation (Kacz, 2017). The purpose of the modality principle is not to overload the visual channel (Peck, 2021). Therefore, one should only use words that are unfamiliar for the learner to reference and understand if the trainer is going to include text along with visuals and narration (Peck, 2021).

Differentiate Between Effective and Ineffective Instructional Media

Candace SantiniEID- 505 Ryan Hughes Grand Canyon University November 6, 2024

1. Mandated Reporter Compliance Training-
1. effective element- It employed the Personalization principle well. The narrator used a conversational manner while narrating the information. The language and tone was personable.
2. ineffective element- The training featured the Redundancy Principle. There would often be text on the slide that would be read by the narrator exactly as it was written.
2. LETRS Training-
1. effective element- Multimedia Principle- The graphics and text that were applied were relevant and made the learning more accessible. The brain diagram was especially helpful.
2. ineffective element- Sometimes, there were graphics that were narrated and had on-screen text, which goes against the Modality Principle.
3. Orton Gillingham IMSE Training-
1. effective element- The trainer did a great job using the Contiguity Principle because as they displayed a graphic, the trainer would talk about it and all flowed smoothly.
2. ineffective element- There was just so many visuals that were overwhelming. The Coherence Principle was not considered. It left a lot of us feeling overwhelmed and lost.

Effective & Ineffectiveness of Examples

Contiguity Principle

There are two forms of the Contiguity principle- Spatial and Temporal. Chiu & Churchill (2016) state that Spatial Contiguity is the placement of essential descriptions next to its corresponding images, while Temporal Contiguity is presenting the corresponding words and graphics at the same time. Clark & Mayer, (2016) point out that having the printed text next to the graphic it descibes works best, so the learner does not waste time or cognitive effort in trying to understand the visual.

References

Chiu, T.K.F. & Churchill, D. (2016) Design of learning objects for concept learning: Effects of multimedia learning principles and an instructional approach. Interactive learning environments, 24(6), 1355-1370. Kacz, T. (2017). Mayer's theory of multimedia learning. www.youtube.com/watch?v=0aq2P0DZqEl Clark, R.C. & Mayer, R. E. (2016). e-Learning and the science of instruction. Proven guidelines for consumers and designers of multimedia learning, 4th ed. https://bibliu.com/app/?bibliuMagicToken=cQ4NkZEcuxkFOxmgum5TNR28LtpNtAyF#/view/books/9781119158684/epub/OPS/fcover.html Peck, D. (2021). Mayer's principles of multimedia learning. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d9WpfWriY7A