Italian Constitution

Italian Constitution

4. constitutional court

5. TODAY

3. THE STATE

2. the structure

1. DEFINITION

• what is it ?

• WHY IS IT IMPORTANT ?

• how does the state work?

• How is it composed ?

• What is it ?

• HISTORY

• THE ARTICLES

• THE VARIOUS PART

• PERSONAL CONSIDERATIONS

Italian Constitution

WORK DONE BY:

Giudice Vincenzo;Esposito Fabrizio; D'Angelo Marika; Angelino Rosa; Dumella Luigi.

The Constitution, also called the Constitution Charter, is a set of fundamental laws that establishes:

• the organization of the State;
• the rules and principles underlying our coexistence;
• the entire legal system that no one can chance anymore.

The Italian Constitution is a "rigid" constitution, this means that it cannot be modified easily, but through a complex procedure.

In Italy the first Constitution granted to the people was the Albertine Statue which King Charles Albert had to grant to his subjects in 1848, due to a wave of revolutionary ways. The Italian Constitution was created to rebuild the State after the end of the WW2 and the fall of Fascism on 25th April 1945. To do so, the provisional government, on 2nd June 1946, asked also women to choose between the Monarchy and Rebublic, they did so through a referendum. The Italians then elected a Constituent Assembly, made up of 70 men and 5 women, with the task of establishing the rules and fundamental rights of the new state. These 75 experts finished their work on 22nd December 1947 and on 1st January 1948 the Constitution of the Italian Republic came into force.

The Constitution is composed of 139 articles and is structured into three main parts:1 - Fundamental Priciples: these are the first 12 articles and outline the funamental values and guiding principles of the Republic, such as democracy, labor and equality.2 - First Part: this section, from Article 13 to 54, focuses in the rights and duties of citizens. It covers civil, political, economic and social rights. 3 - Second Part: Articles 54 to 139 detail the organization of the Republic, including the structure and function of its institutions such as Parliament, the President, the Government and the Judiciary. One of the most significant articles is "Article 1" which sets the tone for the entire Constitution. It states:

"Italy is a democratic Republic, founded on labor. Sovereignty belongs to the people and is exercised by the people in the forms and within the limits of the Constitution".This article underscores the importance of democracy and labor as the foundation of the Italian Republic, emphasizing that the ultimate power resides with the people.

The Italian Constitutional Court is an important group that checks if laws respect the Constitution, which is the main document with the basic rules and rights of Italy. The Court has 15 judges. Their job is to see that laws made by Parliament and regional governments follow the Constitution. If a law doesn't respect the Constitution, the Courtcan cancel (chensol) it. This way, the Court protects people's rights and keeps order and justice in Italy. Without the Constitutional Court, it becomes hard to have fair laws for everyone.

The Italians State is a parliamentary republic defined by its Contitution that estableshes the fundamental principles of the Rupublic. The government consists of three main parts: - Legislative: Italy has a bicameral Parliament, composed of the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate that are responsible for making laws. - Executive: The Prime Minister leads the government. Togheter with the Council of Ministers manage government functions. - Judicial: It includes judges and courts. They check that laws are fair and protect people's rights.

The Italian Constitution is a foundamental document, it establishes the framework for Italy's democratic govrnment, ensuring the separation of powers among the legislative, executive and judicial branches. Behind every article of this Constitution there are men and women who fought, who were humiliated, defeated and gave their lives so that freedom and justice could be written and become testament to a great victory. The Constitution contains our history and our past. We young people of the future must commit ourselves to ensuring that things change but only to improve the life of the community, abondoning the struggle for power with the affirmation of social and human solidarity.