Core Module 2 Interactive Workbook

INTERACTIVE WORKBOOK 1

THE ROLE OF THE PC / DC

BEGIN

EXPLORE POLICING

This workbook follows on from your Core Module session entitled: Introduction to the NIE and role of the PC/DC This workbook should take no more than 60 minutes to complete The purpose of this workbook is to: 1. Introduce you to the world of policing 2. Review some key policing concepts that will support you in Week 1 of academy 3. Introduce some key legislation that will support you in Week 1 of academy Click this icon to find out more about how to interact with this workbook

INTERACTIVE WORKBOOK

After completing this workbook, you will have: 1. Reviewed the caution and phonetic alphabet2. Understood how the police service works with other agencies 3. Understood how the College of Policing supports policing 4. Understood how organisations support police accountability 5. Understood what the National Decision Model (NDM) is6. Begun to understand legislation related to theft

OBJECTIVES

2024 National Detective Programme participant

Review

Take two minutes now to practice the caution. Consider practicing in front of a friend or family member to add some appropriate pressure to your practice.

THE POLICE CAUTION

You do not have to say anything. But it may harm your defence if you do not mention when questioned something which you later rely on in court. Anything you do say may be given in evidence

REVIEW

Check your answers here

PACE CID ASB PCSO

VAWG PSD CHIS NPCC TFU OSU RTC ANPR

As well as recalling what each acronym stands for, take two minutes to practice reading out these acronyms using the phonetic alphabet

THE PHONETIC ALPHABET

Here are some of the acronyms introduced in Core Module 2: NIE NCTP OCG ACPO SOCU EDI NCA MCIT

REVIEW

How the police service works with other agencies

SPECIALIST AGENCIES

How the police service works with other agencies

The College of Policing

WHAT IS THE COLLEGE OF POLICING?

The College of Policing

Click on each link to find out what this looks like on the College of Policing website

Supporting Innovation

We encourage you to be innovators. The College has a bank of existing knowledge and current practices regarding Evidence Based Policing

Learning

The College delivers courses e.g. digital and cyber-crime courses and provides the learning objectives that Police Now use to structure your learning on the programme.

Career Development

The College provides CPD courses and mentoring opportunities

YOU AND THE COLLEGE OF POLICING

Understanding Standards

The College provides updated guidances on ethics, integrity, EDI and practical policing

The College of Policing

Supporting Police Accountability

Click on number 1 to find out more

PCCs

The Criminal Justice System

HMICFRS

Civil Proceedings

IOPC

WHO ENSURES THE POLICE DELIVER A PROFESSIONAL SERVICE?

The National Police Chiefs Council.

Supporting Police Accountability

2024 National Detective Programme participant

The National Decision Model

Click on each section of the model to find out more

• Spontaneous incidents
• Planned operations
• Operational situations
• Non-operational situations

Decision makers can use the NDM to structure a rationale of what they did during an incident and why.

The national decision model (NDM) is suitable for all decisions and should be used by everyone in policing. It can be applied to:

THE NDM

The National Decision Model

Introduction to Legislation

Click on the highlighted words to find out more

SECTION 1(1)A person is guilty of theft if he dishonestly appropriates property belonging to another with the intention of permanently depriving the other of it; and “thief” and “steal” shall be construed accordingly. (2) It is immaterial whether the appropriation is made with a view to gain, or is made for the thief’s own benefit.

THE THEFT ACT 1968

Introduction to Legislation

This act lacks the "dishonest" element. The person did not intentionally take the pen with the intention to permanently deprive.

This act lacks the "dishonest" element. The person did not intentionally take the pen with the intention to permanently deprive.

QUESTION 1You are sat in an academy lesson after a long day and your pen runs out. You ask someone on your table to borrow a pen. After the session, you unintentionally put the pen in your pocket and leave. Is this theft?

Yes

THE THEFT ACT 1968

No

Introduction to Legislation

It could be considered that there were reasonable steps that could be taken to return the money to the person who dropped it, highlighting the dishonest apporpriation element.

QUESTION 2You are walking down the high street when you see someone in front of you drop a £20 note out of their pocket. You see the person enter a nearby coffee shop, buy a coffee and sit down. You pick up the £20 note and walk away, making sure no one saw you. Is this theft?

Yes

THE THEFT ACT 1968

No

Introduction to Legislation

Select the correct option

SCENARIO 1 HENNIGAN owns a car which requires a routine service and some minor repair work. He takes it to a garage and speaks to TREMELING (the owner of the garage) and asks for the work to be carried out on the car. HENNIGAN gives the car keys and vehicle to TREMELING who give the keys and vehicle to ORCHARD who is a mechanic working at TREMELING's garage. TREMELING tells ORCHARD to carry out the work on the car. ORCHARD services and repairs the car using parts purchased by TREMELING and stored in TREMELING's garage. ORCHARD then takes the car out for a test drive. At the time ORCHARD takes the car out for a test drive, who could the vehicle be said to 'belong to' for the purposes of s.5 of the Theft Act 1968?

Only HENNIGAN as he is the owner of the vehicle.

HENNIGAN as the owner and ORCHARD as a person who has possession of the vehicle.

THE THEFT ACT 1968

HENNIGAN as the owner, TREMELING as a person who has a proprietary interest in the car and ORCHARD who has the vehicle in his possession.

Only ORCHARD as he is the only person who has possession of the vehicle

Introduction to Legislation

Select the correct option

SCENARIO 2 RYDER is looking for a birthday present for her brother and whilst browsing in a large jewellery shop she sees a gold ring on display. RYDER picks up the ring to examine it and sees it is priced at £155.00. She does not have that much money in her bank account but knows her brother would really like the ring so, intending to steal the ring, she puts it in her coat pocket. She walks past the till where payment would normally be made for goods and then walks out of the store. At what point does RYDER first 'appropriate' the ring (s. 3(1) of the Theft Act 1968)?

THE THEFT ACT 1968

When she picks up the ring and examines it.

When she puts it in her pocket intending to steal it.

Introduction to Legislation

When she walks out of the store.

When she walks past the till where payment would normally be made for the goods.

2024 National Detective Programme participant

Your next Core Module will be:Leadership and Teamworking Quick Learning Checklist:1. Read your online Blackstones to build a foundational understanding of the legislation needed for the NIE 2. Keep practicing the Caution, Phonetic Alphabet, and the NDM ready for academy 3. Keep engaging with the Discussion Topics and Core Modules between now and the beginning of academy

Workbook complete!

HENNIGAN is the owner of the car, it certainly belongs to him, meaning this incorrect.

Incorrect. Try again

Sometimes an officer’s conduct will amount to a criminal offence, as such they can be charged and tried through the criminal justice system.

The Criminal Justice System

Established that a person can commit theft of their own property if it is in the possession or control of another person who has a right to retain it (such as a mechanic holding a vehicle until payment for repairs is made). Turner’s conviction emphasized that the legal owner does not have the right to take property without regard for the possessory rights of others.

Section 5(1) of the Theft Act 1968 states that property shall be regarded as belonging to any person having possession or control of it, or having in it any proprietary right or interest. The garage had possession and control of the car for the purpose of repairing it and retaining it until payment was made. Thus, for the purposes of the Act, the car "belonged to another" (the garage) at the time Turner took it.

Turner took his car to a garage for repairs. After the repairs were completed, but before paying for the service, Turner used his spare key to take the car from the garage without the garage owner’s knowledge or consent.

R v Turner [1971]

The person is either the owner or they have: •A proprietary right or interest •Possession, for example, whoever has the vehicle in their possession. Whether that possession is lawful depends on the circumstances and the timing. If the owner of the car took it without having paid then their possession might not be lawful; or •Control, for example the mechanic who carries out the repairs on the car.

Section 5: Belonging to another

You may need to consider:

what options are available immediacy of any threat limits of information to hand amount of time available available resources and support your own knowledge, experience and skills impact of potential action on the situation and the public what action to take if things do not happen as anticipated

Policing is filled with acronyms. Find a way to make note of them during your time before, during and after the academy. Why not use your notebook from the Police Now Induction?

Road Traffic Collision Automatic Numberplate Recognition Police and Criminal Evidence Act (1984) Criminal Investigation Department Antisocial Behaviour Police Community Support Officer

National Investigator's ExamNational Counter Terrorism Policing Organised Crime Group Association of Chief Police Officers Serious and Organised Crime Unit Equity Diversity and Inclusion National Crime Agency Major Crime Investigation Team Violence Against Women and Girls Professional Standards Department Covert Human Intelligence Source National Police Chiefs Council Tactical Firearms Unit Operational Support Unit

RTC ANPR PACE CID ASB PCSO

NIENCTP OCG ACPO SOCU EDI NCA MCIT VAWG PSD CHIS NPCC TFU OSU

Policing Acronyms

HMICFRS holds UK police accountable by inspecting and assessing their performance across three key pillars: effectiveness, efficiency, and legitimacy. They provide detailed reports and ratings for each police force, highlighting areas of strength and identifying where improvements are needed.

His Majesty’s Inspectorate of Constabulary and Fire & Rescue Services

The National Police Chiefs Council (NPCC)- the co-ordinating body for all UK police forces- publishes operational guidance which all police forces have endorsed and therefore applies nationally. Forces issue their own internal operational guidance documents. Force level guidance is not normally made available to the public. However, sometimes forces choose to publish their guidance. It may also be obtained through a freedom of information request.

The National Police Chiefs Council

This is shown by a person treating another person’s property as if it were their own and is described in s 6(1) of the Theft Act 1968. It could include: •borrowing and lending over an extended time scale (e.g. borrowing a sewing machine and then lending it to someone else); or •pawning an item that belongs to another person (eg going to a pawnbroker’s shop with your flatmate’s laptop and receiving a loan of money in exchange). It has been held to include a person stealing a car and then offering it back to the owner in the same condition for money

Section 6: Intention to permanently deprive

Wild Creatures: Section 4(4) of the Act states that wild creatures, tamed or untamed, cannot be stolen unless they have been reduced into possession by someone and are still under their control. Exception: If someone captures a wild animal and keeps it in an enclosure, it can be considered property. Taking such an animal would be theft.

Examples: Not Theft: Picking wildflowers in a forest for personal enjoyment. Theft: Picking wild herbs from a forest to sell them at a market.

Examples: Not Theft: Catching a fish from a public river. Theft: Taking a deer from a private game reserve where it is kept for breeding or hunting.

Wild Plants: Section 4(3) of the Act specifies that wild plants are not considered property that can be stolen, except in certain circumstances. Exception: A person can commit theft if they pick wild plants, flowers, fruits, or foliage for sale or other commercial purposes. Simply picking wild plants for personal use does not constitute theft.

Building: Includes houses, offices, factories, and other structures. Part of a Building: Different sections or restricted areas within a building, as well as external structures integral to the main building, can be treated as separate parts of a building. Inhabited Vehicles or Vessels: Considered buildings if used as a dwelling, even temporarily.

Buildings and parts of buildings

Wild plants and animals

Property within the Theft Act has its common meaning of a moveable object or being an individual’s personal property (which includes a wide variety of things such as purses, illegal drugs, pets). However, it also includes other things such as ideas, and intangible items, for example air in an oxygen tank. Includes things in action e.g. illegal TV streaming.

Section 4: Property

Decision makers could ask themselves the following questions.

What is happening? What do I know so far? What do I not know? What further information (or intelligence) do I want/need at this moment?

Appropriation (under s. 3(1) of the Theft Act 1968) is assuming the rights of an owner of property by keeping it or controlling its movements. RYDER first controls the movement of the ring when she picks it up (this is therefore 'appropriation') making this answer incorrect.

Incorrect! Try again.

Appropriation (under s. 3(1) of the Theft Act 1968) is assuming the rights of an owner of property by keeping it or controlling its movements. RYDER first controls the movement of the ring when she picks it up (this is therefore 'appropriation') making this answer incorrect.

Incorrect! Try again.

A person can agree to the appropriation, but the consent may be in doubt IF the person:

• has been deceived about the nature of the circumstances

• is not of sound mind (including having serious learning difficulties) R v Hinks [2000]

• cannot understand the language being spoken R v Lawrence [1972]

Appropriation is assuming the rights of an owner of property by keeping it or controlling its movements. This would include a person who takes a pen from a shop display and puts it in their pocket and a person who borrows a keyboard from a friend and chooses to keep it in the hope that the friend forgets about it. It is the "taking" element of the theft. If a person buys an item in good faith but later finds out it is stolen property, the purchase can amount to theft, including if the person tries to sell it, destroy it, dispose of it, or keep it.

Section 3: Appropriates

Elected PCCs oversee police forces in England and Wales. They are responsible for appointing chief constables, setting strategic priorities, and scrutinizing police performance. The public can hold PCCs accountable through regular elections

Police and Crime Commissioners

Click on this icon to access documents, videos or other information hosted on external websites

When you see this icon it means there is an activity to complete

When you click this icon you can find out more information about an idea, term or skill

Interactivity Key

The Independent Office for Police Conduct (IOPC) investigates complaints and allegations of misconduct against police officers. They ensure that investigations are thorough and impartial

The Independent Office for Police Conduct

Develop a working strategy to guide subsequent stages. Ask the following questions.

Do I need to take action immediately? Do I need to seek more information? What could go wrong (and what could go well)? What is causing the situation? How probable is the risk of harm?

TREMELING has a proprietary interest in the car as parts from his garage have been used to service and repair it, meaning that this answer is correct

Correct!

TREMELING has a proprietary interest in the car as parts from his garage have been used to service and repair it, meaning that this answer is incorrect.

Incorrect! Try again.

Appropriation (under s. 3(1) of the Theft Act 1968) is assuming the rights of an owner of property by keeping it or controlling its movements. RYDER first controls the movement of the ring when she picks it up (this is therefore 'appropriation') making this answer correct.

Correct!

The NDM puts the Code of Ethics at the centre of all police decision making. This distinguishes the NDM from other decision-making models and recognises the need for all police decisions to be consistent with the Ethical policing principles and the Guidance for ethical and professional behaviour in policing.

Code of Ethics

Appropriation (under s. 3(1) of the Theft Act 1968) is assuming the rights of an owner of property by keeping it or controlling its movements. RYDER first controls the movement of the ring when she picks it up (this is therefore 'appropriation') making this answer incorrect.

Incorrect! Try again.

Decision makers could ask themselves the following questions.

What police powers might be required? Is there any national guidance covering this type of situation? Do any local organisational policies or guidelines apply? What legislation might apply? Is there any research evidence?

ORCHARD has possession of the vehicle, it belongs to him meaning this answer is incorrect

Incorrect! Try again.

Officers can be held accountable for a misuse of their powers through misconduct proceedings. A misuse of police powers can also be challenged through civil proceedings.

Civil Proceedings

Review

What lessons can you take from how things turned out and what might you do differently next time?

Action

Respond Record Monitor

Even if there is a willingness to pay, the dishonest element still stands.

Section 2 - Dishonest

Lee walks into his local shop intending to buy a bottle of wine. As he's walking to the till, he realises he doesn't have enough money. He puts the bottle of wine under his jumper and walks out. He is confronted by the security guard. Lee, panicked that the shop will call the police offers to pay for the wine retrospectively. Is this theft?

Must always be applied first NOT dishonest when appropriating property IF Defendant subjectively believed: 1. They had a right in law to have property 2. They would have owner's consent (for taking and the reason) 3. Lost belongings with no conceivable owner Objective test The belief can be held on behalf of themselves or another.

Scenario