Civil Rights

The Civil Rights Movement

Grammar

Turning points in the civil rights movement

Contents Page

What is the civil rights movement?

Important figures in the civil rights movement

Important civil rights groups

All citizens are given civil rights. The right to vote, the right to a public education, and the right to use public places are all examples.

For about 100 years, after the end of slavery, Black Americans were denied full civil rights. The struggle for those rights, especially in the 1950s and 1960s, is known as the Civil Rights Movement.

What is the Civil Rights Movement?

Civil Rights groups and leaders

Civil Rights Groups

The Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)

The Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) is an African-American civil rights organization based in Atlanta, Georgia. SCLC is closely associated with its first president and founder, Martin Luther King Jr., who had a large role in the American civil rights movement. From the beginning, the SCLC focused its efforts on citizenship, schools and efforts to desegregate individual cities such as Albany, Georgia, Birmingham, Alabama, and St. Augustine, Florida. It played key roles in the March on Washington in 1963. It also helped African Americans to vote.

May 2, 1963

1961

July 2,1964

May 17, 1954

March, 1965

The Selma-Montgomery March.

Schools were desegregated.

The signing of the Civil Rights Act.

Freedom Riders challenged segregation.

The Children's Crusade

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The Black Panther Party

The Black Panthers created many popular community social programs, including free breakfast programs for school children and free health clinics in 13 African American communities across the United States.

Black Panther Party, African American revolutionary party, founded in 1966 in Oakland, California, by Huey P. Newton and Bobby Seale. The party’s original purpose was to patrol African American neighborhoods to protect residents from acts of police brutality.

Grammar Point

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We are in the era of digital information explosion. This causes our way of obtaining information to have changed, we go from traditional reading to a cognitive strategy based on navigation.

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We are in the era of digital information explosion. This causes our way of obtaining information to have changed, we move from traditional reading to a cognitive strategy based on navigation.

We are in the era of the digital information explosion. This causes our way of obtaining information to have changed, we have moved from traditional reading to a cognitive strategy based on navigation.

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We are in the era of digital information explosion. This causes our way of obtaining information to have changed, moving from traditional reading to a cognitive strategy based on navigation.

We are in the era of digital information explosion. This causes our way of obtaining information to have changed, we have transitioned from traditional reading to a cognitive strategy based on navigation.

This is a paragraph ready to hold creativity, experiences, and great stories.

This is a paragraph ready to hold creativity, experiences, and great stories.

This is a paragraph ready to contain creativity, experiences, and cool stories.

This is a paragraph ready to contain creativity, experiences, and great stories.

This is a paragraph ready to contain creativity, experiences, and cool stories.

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The court decision which made degregation in schools unconstitutional was the Brown Versus the Board of Education. The decision did not transform the USA overnight, but it was a catalyst for change. Now that schools were desegregated, it meant other parts of society could be desegreated too.

Brown versus Board of Education

Birmingham Children’s Crusade

Birmingham Children’s Crusade, nonviolent protest against segregation held by Black children on May 2–10, 1963, in Birmingham, Alabama. The peaceful protest became violent when police responded by blasting high-pressure fire hoses, beating the children with clubs and releasing dogs. The images appeared on TV and it provoked international anger and outrage.

The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)

The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)[a] is an American civil rights organization formed in 1909 as an interracial endeavor to advance justice for African Americans. It was founded by W. E. B. Du Bois, Mary White Ovington, Moorfield Storey, Ida B. Wells, Lillian Wald, and Henry Moskowitz.In the NAACP’s early decades, it focused on eradicating lynching. The NAACP played a pivotal role in the civil rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s. One of the organization’s key victories was the U.S. Supreme Court’s 1954 decision in Brown v. Board of Education that outlawed segregation in public schools.

Selma March

Martin Luther King organised a political march from Selma to Birmingham, Alabama, which began on 7 March 1965 with around 600 marchers taking part. When the marchers reached Selma they were attacked by state troopers and local police. The day became known as ‘Bloody Sunday’. Marchers were spit on, run over by horses, and attacked with whips and clubs. More than 50 marchers, including Lewis, were hospitalized. The day became known as “Bloody Sunday.” Television crews were present at the march and filmed the attack. The American public were horrfied by the police bruality.

The Civil Rights Act

A turning point for the Civil Rights Movement

This act, signed into law by President Lyndon Johnson on July 2, 1964, prohibited discrimination in public places, provided for the integration of schools and other public facilities, and made employment discrimination illegal. The act outlawed segregation in businesses such as theaters, restaurants, and hotels. It banned discriminatory practices in employment and ended segregation in public places such as swimming pools, libraries, and public schools.

Freedom Rides

Freedom Riders were groups of white and African American civil rights activists who participated in Freedom Rides, which were bus trips through the American South in 1961 to protest segregated bus terminals. Freedom Riders tried to use “whites-only” restrooms and lunch counters at bus stations in Alabama, South Carolina and other Southern states. The groups were confronted by arresting police officers—as well as horrific violence from white protestors—along their routes, but also drew international attention to the civil rights movement.

Malcolm X

Prominent member of the Black Panther Movement

Malcolm X (born Malcolm Little, later el-Hajj Malik el-Shabazz; May 19, 1925 – February 21, 1965) was an African American revolutionary, Muslim minister and human rights activist who was a prominent figure during the civil rights movement until his assassination in 1965. He was a controversial figure because he believed that violence as self-defence was sometimes necessary in the fight for African American freedom. He believed that African Americans should form their own state, seperate to white Americans. .

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Martin Luther King

A prominent Civil Rights leader

Martin Luther King Jr. (born Michael King Jr.; January 15, 1929 – April 4, 1968) was an American Baptist minister, activist, and political philosopher who was one of the most prominent leaders in the civil rights movement from 1955 until his assassination in 1968. King advanced civil rights for people of color in the United States through the use of nonviolent resistance and nonviolent civil disobedience against Jim Crow laws and other forms of legalized discrimination.

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