Reinforcement, Revision and Extension Worksheets

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States of Conciousness

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Theories about why we sleep: 1. Preservation and protection 2. Repair/restore 3. Memory Consolidation 4. Creative thinking. 5. Growth

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1. Protects when dangerous to be awake 2. Timeout perioud to rebuild body/brain body 3. Reactivates memories in hippocampus and moves into long term storage 4. Dreams, enchances problem solving 5. pituitary gland releases human growth hormone

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1. Super Chiasmatic Nucleus 2. Melatonin 3. Average Circadian rythem cycle 4. Chornotype

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1. Alarm clock in hypothalamus (Regulates circadian rythms) releases meltonin dusk 2. Influcnces timing and start of sleep (realeased by pineal gland) 3. (24 hours 15 minutes) 4. Morning lark (40%) Night owl (30 percent)

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Stages of NonREM1. Stage 3 2. Stage 23. Stage 4.

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1. Brain waves get smaller. (Alpha and Theta) Drifting towards conciousness 2. Sleep spindles (Slow bursts of rapid high peaking waves (Theta waves) (helps shield brain from external noise) 3. Slow regular brain waves (Delta waves) Deepest level of sleep.

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Aserinsky and Kleitman (1953) REM sleep acompinied by Rapid eye movement, Vivid Dreams, Atonia (Paralysis), Changes in blood pressure/heart rate, sexual arousal

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Discoverd Infants have regular periods of rapid eye movement while brain waves still active.

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Freud Theory on dreams Manifest Content Latent content

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Dreams reflect unconsius wishes that are disguised to keep the dreamer to sleep. 1. Basic plot line in dream 2. Hidden meaning of dream

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Carl Jung 1. Collective Unconscious 2. Archetypes

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1. Humans have a common heritge that influence the way we think, act feel 2. Primitive images resulting from common expirence and attitudes

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Walker Dreams as overnight therapy

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1. Helps us process difficult expirences 2.REM helps reduce the painful emotional charge associated with the expirence. Noradrenaline shuts off durng rem sleep

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Dr Cartwright. Dreams as problem solving

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- Studied dreams of depressed people following dvorce. - only patients dreaming about painful expirences showed symptom remission

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1. Activation Syntheses theory2.Develop and preserve neural pathways 3. Information processing

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1. Dreams have no meaning, Brain trying to make sense of neuronal firing. 2. Stimulation of brain 3. Sorting and consolidating memories.

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Insomnia Sleep apnea Sleep walking

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1. difficulty initating, maintaining, waking up early. Cognitive behavioral therapy. 2. Interupted air flow, Repeated air flow. CPAP Machine 3. Occurs during stage 3 sleep.

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Alchohol and sleep.

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1. reduces sleep onset latency 2. More disruption in second hald of sleep 3. Rem sleep delayed 4. Rem in first half of sleep is delayed

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Stimulants Depressants Opiates Psychedelic Drugs

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1. Drugs that speed activity of nervous system - Caf, nic, cocaine meth, ectasy 2. Slow down activity is central nervous system 3. Derivided from poppy relive pain/euphoria 4. Conciousness alterning drugs that change though perception

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Hypnosis Dissociation theory Social influence

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Psychological state of focused attention and awareness in which indvidual is extremly responsive to suggestion. 2. split between levels of conciousness 3. "playing a role"

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