Presentazione Decadi

16th to 19th century

13th amendment

Del Papato A., Coppeta G.N., Dumella De Rosa L., De Luca G., Radovcic V.

DISCRIMINATION AND INCARCERATION

index

5. 13TH AMENDMENT

4. MONEY THAT CORPORATIONS MAKE

3. TREATMENT OF PRISONERS

2. INCARCERATED BLACKS AND VARIOUS PREDISENTS

1. HISTORY OF bLACKS IN AMERICA

index

The history of Black Americans begins with the transatlantic slave trade, which forcibly brought millions of Africans to North America between the 16th and 19th centuries. Enslaved Africans faced brutal conditions on plantations and were denied basic human rights. This period of slavery lasted until the Civil War, which ended in 1865 with the Emancipation Proclamation and the 13th Amendment abolishing slavery.

1950

BLACKS IN AMERICA

history

The history of black incarceration in the United States is tied to presidential policies that have often disproportionately affected black communities. After the end of slavery, Jim Crow laws in the South criminalized blacks for minor crimes, exploiting them in a system similar to slavery.

• In the 1970s, President Nixon launched the “War on Drugs,” declaring drugs the primary enemy of society; this policy severely affected black communities.
• In the 1980s, Reagan intensified the war on drugs, with harsher penalties for crack cocaine than for cocaine, particularly affecting blacks.
• George H.W. Bush continued this trend and helped popularize the figure of the “super-predator,” a negative image often attributed to young blacks.
• In 1994, Bill Clinton signed the Crime Bill, which expanded police forces and prisons and introduced mandatory minimum sentences, causing a further increase in the prison population, especially among blacks and Latinos. Clinton later acknowledged the law’s negative impact.

Despite reforms in recent years, black people continue to be disproportionately represented in American prisons.

INCARCERATED BLACKS AND VARIOUS PREDISENTS

Presidents

Prisoners must be treated with dignity and respect, avoiding torture or inhumane treatment.They should receive right doses of water and food. They have the right to medical care and healty insurence. Prisoners typically have certain rights, such as access to legal lawyer, protection from cruel and unusual punishment and the right to comunicate with the outside work. Today prisoners are treated like animals without reducation, and suffer from serious mental healty problems. The attitudes and training of prison stafs can significantly influence the treatments of inmates, affecting both safety and rehabilitation efforts. Many structure offers educational and vocational training programs aimed at reducing recidivism and helping inmates reintegrate into society. The overall treatment of prisoners remains a criticala issue, influencing their future.

TREATMENT OF PRISONERS

prisoners

ALEC, or the American Legislative Exchange Council, is a U.S. organization that influences legislation in favor of large corporations, including those involved in private incarceration. Companies affiliated with ALEC not only benefit economically from running prisons, but also profit from inmate labor. In many states, inmates work for minimal pay or even for free, performing tasks ranging from manufacturing and waste collection to customer service in call centers. This low-cost labor reduces expenses for companies but relies on a workforce lacking union rights and protections.

THE CORPORATIONS

money

The documentary "13th Amendment" explores the evolution of institutionalized racism in the United States, starting with slavery, through segregation, and leading to the current system of mass incarceration. It examines how various institutions and government policies have perpetuated the oppression of minorities, particularly African Americans, even after the abolition of slavery. One of the central points of the documentary is the 13th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution, which formally abolished slavery in 1865 but with an important clause: the exception for those convicted of a crime. This exception allowed the rise of a prison system that, over time, has become a tool for social and economic control. The United States, despite having only 5% of the world's population, holds 25% of the global prison population. This system is not only disproportionate but also incredibly costly, heavily burdening public finances and society as a whole.

13TH AMENDMENT

13th

The late 20th and early 21st centuries saw the rise of movements like Black Lives Matter, which protests against police violence and calls for systemic reform to address ongoing inequality.Today, Black Americans continue to contribute significantly to all aspects of American society, though challenges with racial inequality remain a significant issue.

Following emancipation, Black Americans faced continued oppression through laws known as "Jim Crow" laws in the South, which enforced racial segregation and limited economic, political, and social opportunities. During this period, Black Americans were often subjected to violence and intimidation, especially from groups like the Ku Klux Klan. The Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and 1960s, led by figures such as Martin Luther King Jr., Rosa Parks, and Malcolm X, challenged this systemic discrimination and fought for equal rights, eventually leading to landmark legislation like the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965. Despite these gains, structural racism persisted, and Black communities continued to face economic and social disparities.

...RACISM