Mapa Mental Semicircular

Meant to expose the student as much as posible to the language

CLIL/Dual programs

Supportting ideas

Focuses on teaching a practical use of the languageMeaning above formBased on tasks

TBL

Gari Larramendi

MaIn FL teaching approaches

The process

What do experts have to say about this?

PBL

Comprises a number of activities that combine into a bigger project.

From LOTSto HOTS

The process

Multiliteracies

Based on the principle that learning doesn´t happen in a vacuum

Aplying the method

MultipleMultis of Multiliteracy

Aconclusion

• The relevance of the out-of-class aspect of teaching.
• Personalization of tasks motivates students by incorporating topics that interest them.
• There is no such thing as an ideal teaching method; therefore, the ability to assess and address issues is a crucial trait for educators.
• Supporting students to promote their potential, rather than just encouraging memorization and copying (scaffolding).
• A variety of contexts is always beneficial for a deeper understanding of a topic.
• Emphasis should be placed on language as a tool for achieving goals.
• Students often bear the responsibility for their ambition to improve.
• There is a strong emphasis on teamwork and social interaction within the classroom.

What do these methods have in common?

Based on my experience, I find that CLIL is the approach with which I am least aligned, as it tends to prioritize the teaching of highly specific vocabulary at the expense of other subjects, and it requires a uniform level of proficiency in the foreign language among all students in the classroom.

Content Language Integrated Learning revolves around the instruction of common subjects in a foreign language. Scaffolding represents a crucial component of this methodology. Scaffolding is the proccess of giving students a collection of skills that facilitate independent thinking and enhance problem-solving abilities. Allowing independent work in the FL would be the goal of this technique.

What is CLIL?

Scaffolding is based on Vygotsky´s psychological studies.

'CLIL refers to situations where subjects, or parts of subjects, are taught through a foreign language with dual-focussed aims, namely the learning of content, and the simultaneous learning of a foreign language'. (Marsh, 1994) .

This method can be supported through the implementation of frameworks that follow multiliteracies pedagogy, including Luke and Freebody’s (1999) Four Resources Model and Cope and Kalantzis’ (2000) Critical Multiliteracies Model, which were subsequently revised and reconceptualized as Learning By Design (New Learning, n.db).

Applying multiliteracy.

Projects are complex tasks, based on challenging questionsn involving students in problem solving or investigative activities; giving students the opportunity to work relatively autonomously over extended periods of time; and culminating in realistic products or presentations (goal).J.W.Thomas

PBL

• Encourages individual dexterity as well as team building, negotiation and social skills.

• As projects are real world based, the method promotes realia.

• Approaches students dayly necessities, making them the focus of the lessons.

• Students may use known language and skills in a more meaningful way.

• Students develope metacognitive skills, because projects involve different types of activities.

Benefits

The final step of the process is essential for enhancing the students' grammar and vocabulary, as the task is completed without prior theoretical explanation, and students are unable to do it themselves.

For the same purpose, it is advisable to mix student groups to expose students to various grammatical forms.

Several posible activities, such as...

Tasks may have open or close answers, and may be onse-sided or two-sided.

• Student understands language as a tool instead of an end goal.
• Abstract knowledge translated into practical use.
• Focus of the learning process is given to students.
• A more straightforward evaluation of the student´s strenghts and shortcomes.
• Emphasis on language as a social event.
• Teaches communicative skills.
• Students may compare their chosen words and structures to others.
• Learning is understood as a process rather than a goal.

Supporting arguments

Literacy is the ability to identify, understand, interpret, communicate, create and compute using printed and written materials associated with varying contexts.The multiliteracy model parts from the basis that human cognition is contextual, therefore, out of classroom experience is emphasised.

What are Multiliteracies?

Proposed by The New London Group (1996)

Four knowledge process are taken into account:

1. Experiencing (from the known to the new)
2. Analyzing (functionally and critically)
3. Applying (appropietly and creatively)
4. Conceptualizing.

A communicative task is a “piece of classroom work which involves learners in comprehending, manipulating, producing or interacting in the target language while their attention is primarily focused on meaning rather than form.”David Nunan

What is a task?l

A task is an activity “where the target language is used by the learner for a communicative purpose (goal) in order to achieve an outcome.”Jane Wilis

A goal-oriented communicative activity with a specific outcome, where the emphasis is on exchanging meanings, not producing specific language forms.Jane Wilis

TBL is an action oriented method, that is based on activities related to real life situations encourages interaction among students.Makes use of the knowledge each student already has.There must be a clear goal to be met.

• Digital literacy
• Media literacy
• Cultural literacy
• Visual literacy
• Intertextuality
• Rhetorical awareness
• Information literacy

And more...

Each of these literacies refers to a distinct medium of communication or a combination thereof.

What literacies are there?

An inclusive model

The authors of this theory set out to analyze the multiplicity of communications channels and increasing cultural and linguistic diversity. These changes, they argued, called for a much broader view of literacy than portrayed by traditional approaches.

The teaching proccess is required to stimulate the following cognitive processes skills.The learning process should go from lower to higher order thinking skills.

Bloom´s taxonomy

1. Students and teacher agree on a theme.
2. Students and teacher determine the final outcome.
3. The project is structured.
4. Teacher prepares students for language demands of info. gathering.
5. Students gather the info.
6. Teacher prepare students for the language demands of compiling and analyzing the data.
7. Students compile and analyze the data.
8. Teacher prepares students for the final project.
9. Students presents the final project.
10. These projects are evaluated and discussed in the classroom.

The process according to Alan and Stroller´s model