cell
Sofía Carrasco Delgado
Created on October 26, 2024
More creations to inspire you
ALZOLA BASQUE WATER
Interactive Image
THE PARTHENON
Interactive Image
VISIT CAPE COD: 5 FUN FACTS YOU DIDN'T KNOW
Interactive Image
ARE MOUNTAIN TRAILS CONDUITS FOR PLANT INVASIONS?
Interactive Image
WEB DU BOIS
Interactive Image
MOON INTERACTIVE IMAGE
Interactive Image
OBJECTICS
Interactive Image
Transcript
Organelles are specialized structures within cells that perform distinct functions.
Parts of the cell
Cell wall
- Prokaryotic cells (plant cell)
- Protects cell
- Provides rigidity
Plasma Membrane
- Provides protection
- Regulates exchange of substances from the interior and the exterior of the cell
- Detects stimulus
Mitochondria Powerhouse of the cell
- Produces enery (ATP)
- Cellular respiration
Ribosomes
- Synthesise proteins
Lysosomes Contains a lot of powerful enzymes that are capable of decomposing substances from outside the cell. Digestive system of the cell.
Nucleus Nucleus (only in eukaryotic cells)
- Contains DNA
- Control & regulate the activities of the cell
- Inside the cell: Nucleoli
Cytoplasm A jelly-like substance that flows all around the cell.
- Stores molecules (cellular processes)
- Gives the cell its proper shape
Golgi Apparatus
- Processes and modifies proteins and lipids that are received from the ER & transports them to their eventual destinations.
- Create lysosomes
Cilia & Flagella Cilia Flagella Cilia are tiny thin "hairs" responsible for the locomotion. Flagella are long "tails" and also enable cell movement.
Cytoplasm A jelly-like substance that flows all around the cell.
- Stores molecules (cellular processes)
- Gives the cell its proper shape
Endoplasmic Reticulum
- Rough ER: Ribosomes attached (stores or transports them)
- Smooth ER: Synthesise lipids
The cell
Sofia Carrasco
Content
Levels of organisation
Size of cells
Cell organisation
Types of cells
Exchange of matter
Energy exchange
STIMULUS
Cell division
Reactions & movements
- Don't have a nucleus.
- Smaller
- DNA is free around the cell
- Single prokaryote cell
Prokaryotic cells
Info
Info
- Have a nucleus
- Larger
- DNA surrounded by nucleus
- All multicellular organisms
Eukaryotic cells
2 main types of cells:
Levels of Organisation
From smallest to largest
Atoms
Molecules
Organelles
Cells
1
Tissues
Organs & systems
Organisms
Populations
Ecosystem
2
Biosphere
3
4
5
6
7
9
10
8
STIMULUS
CELULAR RESPONSES
Cellular response in the reaction of a cell to a stimuli. There are 2 types:
- Static response - No movement, instead it produces a substance.
- Dynamic response - Moves in response (movements: taxes)
SIZE
Microscopic
- Micron (μm)
- 1 μm = 1x10^-3 mm
- Eukaryotic: 10-100μm
- Prokaryotic: 1-10μm
Red blood cell
Coronavirus
dust particle
Grain of salt
Human hair
CELL DIVISION
Complex process that happens in both: unicellular and multicellular organisms.
Unicellular organisms (protozoa) -> allows organism reproduceMulticellular organisms -> allows organism to increase in size (replace cells that die off).
Cell division mechanisms
UNICELLULAR & MULTICELLULAR ORGANISMS
Unicellular organisMs:function with onlyone single cell.
Multicellular organisMs:function with 2 or more cells.
Centracile Movement
AMOEBOID MOVEMENT
It contracts when faced with external stimulus.
By beating the cilia movement is produced. Some cells have flagellum that enable them to move.
Amoebas made by changing the size of the cytoplasm and the cell membrane, sends out pseudopods to capture bacteria.
CELL MOVEMENTS
Cell movement is linked to the cytoskeleton. The main types of movements are:
CILIARY & FLAGELLAR Movement
TITLE HERE
TITLE HERE
TITLE HERE
TITLE HERE
TITLE HERE
TITLE HERE
TITLE HERE
TITLE HERE
GALLERY
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit, sed diam nonummy nibh euismod tincidunt ut
EXCHANGE OF MATTER
VIA DIFUSSION
VIA PROTEINS
This happens when the cell is in extreme bad conditions and needs large particles. It changes the size of its cytoplasm and surronds the molecule, absorbing it. Then, it follows a digestive process where it breaks down into smaller particles.
Proteins get together forming a channel, when middle size molecules want to pass through.
VIA VESICLES
Little substances pass through the cell membrane. Low concentration of the substance.
The cell membrane is a selective barrier that lets certain substances come in or out the cell by these 3 systems, depending on their size:
Homeostasis Homeostasis is not an intelligent stimuli, it is a series fo chemical reactions that try to balance the properties outside the cell the same as inside (match environments).
ENERGY EXCHANGE
CATABOLISM
Breaks down complex molecules groups into simple molecules. Big protein -> smaller amino acids
RELEASES ENERGY
Example: Cell respiration
ANABOLISM
Converts simple molecules into more organised/complex structures.
REQUIRESENERGY
Example: Photosynthesis
THANK YOU!
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit, sed diam nonummy nibh euismod tincidunt ut
- Generate experiences with your content.
- It’s got the Wow effect. Very Wow.
- Make sure your audience remembers the message.
With Genially templates, you can include visual resources to wow your audience. You can also highlight a particular sentence or piece of information so that it sticks in your audience’s minds, or even embed external content to surprise them: Whatever you like!Do you need more reasons to create dynamic content? No problem! 90% of the information we assimilate is received through sight and, what’s more, we retain 42% more information when the content moves.
Let the communication flow!
Got an idea?
Here you can include a relevant fact to highlight
- Generate experiences with your content.
- It’s got the Wow effect. Very Wow.
- Make sure your audience remembers the message.
With Genially templates, you can include visual resources to wow your audience. You can also highlight a particular sentence or piece of information so that it sticks in your audience’s minds, or even embed external content to surprise them: Whatever you like!Do you need more reasons to create dynamic content? No problem! 90% of the information we assimilate is received through sight and, what’s more, we retain 42% more information when the content moves.
Let the communication flow!
Got an idea?
Here you can include a relevant fact to highlight
- Binary fission: duplicates DNA and generates 2 daughter cells (identical, same size). Ex: protozoa
- Budding: duplicates its DNA -> bud. 2 daughter cells are formed (identicas but different size). Ex: Yeasts
- Sporulation: Many copies of DNA. Parent-cell membrane breaks up, releasing spores. Ex: fungi
Cell division mechanism
Binary fission
Sporulation
Budding
Types:
These cells are more complex and a bigger than prokaryotic cells. They have a nucleus and their DNA is surounded by a membrane. In order to give them their and enable them to move, they need a cytoskeleton. Eukaryotes contain a wide variety of organelles and structures. Some of the organelles are specific to certain types of cells, others are in common in all.
Eukaryotic cells
- Animal cells: make up animals & some unicellular organisms (protozoa).
- Plant cells: found in plants and algae.
- Generate experiences with your content.
- It’s got the Wow effect. Very Wow.
- Make sure your audience remembers the message.
With Genially templates, you can include visual resources to wow your audience. You can also highlight a particular sentence or piece of information so that it sticks in your audience’s minds, or even embed external content to surprise them: Whatever you like!Do you need more reasons to create dynamic content? No problem! 90% of the information we assimilate is received through sight and, what’s more, we retain 42% more information when the content moves.
Let the communication flow!
Got an idea?
Here you can include a relevant fact to highlight
- Generate experiences with your content.
- It’s got the Wow effect. Very Wow.
- Make sure your audience remembers the message.
With Genially templates, you can include visual resources to wow your audience. You can also highlight a particular sentence or piece of information so that it sticks in your audience’s minds, or even embed external content to surprise them: Whatever you like!Do you need more reasons to create dynamic content? No problem! 90% of the information we assimilate is received through sight and, what’s more, we retain 42% more information when the content moves.
Let the communication flow!
Got an idea?
Here you can include a relevant fact to highlight
Prokaryotic don't have organelles, except of ribosomes and cytoplasm. Instead, they have a cell wall which gives their shape and provides support.
Simplest form of cell organisation. They do not have a nucleus, and the DNA is all around the cell. The majority are archaea & bacteria cells, which can be harmful or in other cases, beneficial. Around 30 trillion of prokaryotic live in or on your body, but they weigh only about 0.2kg. These cells have an enormous capacity to change environment and adapt to temperatures: Most cells die at high temperatures, however prokaryotes at able to survive even boiling water. Some types of prokaryotes, use N2 to produce ammonia ions (NH4+) which they incorporate into amino acids they use to make proteins.
Prokaryotic cells
* Photosynthesis -> own food
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit
- Generate experiences with your content.
- It’s got the Wow effect. Very Wow.
- Make sure your audience remembers the message.
With Genially templates, you can include visual resources to wow your audience. You can also highlight a particular sentence or piece of information so that it sticks in your audience’s minds, or even embed external content to surprise them: Whatever you like!Do you need more reasons to create dynamic content? No problem! 90% of the information we assimilate is received through sight and, what’s more, we retain 42% more information when the content moves.
Let the communication flow!
Got an idea?
Here you can include a relevant fact to highlight
- Metabolism
- Replication
Smallest unit of life. All living things are made of cells. They are alive because they can do 2 processes:
Cells
- Generate experiences with your content.
- It’s got the Wow effect. Very Wow.
- Make sure your audience remembers the message.
With Genially templates, you can include visual resources to wow your audience. You can also highlight a particular sentence or piece of information so that it sticks in your audience’s minds, or even embed external content to surprise them: Whatever you like!Do you need more reasons to create dynamic content? No problem! 90% of the information we assimilate is received through sight and, what’s more, we retain 42% more information when the content moves.
Let the communication flow!
Got an idea?
Here you can include a relevant fact to highlight
- Generate experiences with your content.
- It’s got the Wow effect. Very Wow.
- Make sure your audience remembers the message.
With Genially templates, you can include visual resources to wow your audience. You can also highlight a particular sentence or piece of information so that it sticks in your audience’s minds, or even embed external content to surprise them: Whatever you like!Do you need more reasons to create dynamic content? No problem! 90% of the information we assimilate is received through sight and, what’s more, we retain 42% more information when the content moves.
Let the communication flow!
Got an idea?
Here you can include a relevant fact to highlight
- Visit the Analytics settings;
- Activate user tracking;
- Let the communication flow!
Use this space to add awesome interactivity. Include text, images, videos, tables, PDFs... even interactive questions!Premium tip: Get information on how your audience interacts with your creation:
Got an idea?
Here you can include a relevant fact to highlight
Here you can include a relevant fact to highlight