NATURALES - PRESENTACIÓN UNIT 2

What are we made of?

UNIt 2

INdex

Why does our food matter?

digestive system

respiratory system

Circulatory system

Excretory system

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Why does our food matter?

hUMANS ARE heterotrophs. To get energy, we must take in nutrients and oxygen. Then, our systems can work!

PROTEINS

OXYGEN

WATER

FATS

VITAMINS AND MINERALS

CARBOHYDRATES

Unhealthy fats

fats

Healthy fats

They provide us with energy and help with vitamins absorption.

calcium

vitamins

iron

Vitamins & minerals

Ther are vital. They help our inmune system, help us grow and help cells to work properly.

Unhealthy carbohydrates

carbohydrates

Healthy carbohydrates

They provide our body with energy. There are:

Vegetable protein

Proteins

Animal protein

They make up the tissues of the body (like: muscles and bones) and keep us strong.

oxygen

Our cells need to breathing in oxygen to transform carbohydrates into energy.

Water

Do you know that the majority of our body consists of water?It is aproximately the 50% or 70% of our weight.

We use water to transport nutrients, help with the digestion, breathing and circulation.

Healthy diet

Food pyramid

Food label

very small amounts

2 or 4 servings a day.

2 or 3 servings a day.

2 or 3 servings a day.

6 or 11 servings a day.

Food pyramid

3 or 5 servings a day.

Fruits

Grains

Vegetables

Dairy products

Meat, fish...

Fats, salt and sugar

very small amounts

2 or 4 servings a day.

2 or 3 servings a day.

2 or 3 servings a day.

6 or 11 servings a day.

Food pyramid

3 or 5 servings a day.

Fruits

Grains

Vegetables

Dairy products

Meat, fish...

Fats, salt and sugar

Food label

digestive system

The digestive system breaks down the food we take in and works with other systems to extract the nutrients and expel undigested waste.

The Digestive System

2. Oesophagus

3. Stomach

4. Small intestine

1. Mouth

5. Large intestine

MOUTH

1. Teeth crush the food as we chew.2. Salivary glands produce a liquid called saliva that makes food easier to swallow.3. Food is shaped into a ball (bolus) by the tongue.

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OESOPHAGUS

1. Food is passed into the oesophagus when we swallow. 2. The epiglottis stops food going down the windpipe. 3. Muscles contract to send the food down to the stomach.

STOMACH

1. Food reaches the stomach and mixes with gastric juices that break down the food and kill dangerous bacterias.2. The muscular walls of the stomach contract and relax mixing the food.

SMALL INTESTINE

1. When it is liquid food is passed into the small intestine.2. It is mixed with bile from the liver and pancreatic juices from the pancreas.3. This breaks down the mixture into nutrients: proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins and minerals.4. Later, absorption occurs, and nutrients are passed into the blood.

LARGE INTESTINE

1. Food waste continues through the large intestine.2. Water reabsorption into the blood occurs.3. Solid waste passes through the rectum and leaves through the anus.

circulatorysystem

The circulatory system carries nutrients and oxygen to all the cells and tissues in the body.

BLOOD VESSELS

CIRCULATION

BLOOD

HEART

VIDEO

Plasma

White blood cells

Platelet

BLOOD

Red blood cells

Blood is a red liquid that transports oxygen, carbon dioxide and nutrients around the body. Its components are:

Do you know why our blood is red?

Plasma (55%) is a yellow liquid that is 90% water and carries nutrients and waste.

Platelet (0,5%) are particles that join together when we cut our skin stop bleeding.

White blood cells (0,5%) fight infections. They attack bacteria and viruses.

BLOOD

Red blood cells (44%) carry oxygen and carbon dioxide.

Capillaries

Arteries

Veins

BLOOD vessels

Blood vessels carry the blood through the body.

Capillaries

Inferior vena cava

Superior vena cava

Atrium

Aorta

Ventricle

heart

The heart is a muscular organ with four chambers which pumps blood around the body.

Pulmonary loop

Systemic loop

Circulation

Blood flows around the body in two loops:

respiratorysystem

The respiratory system is the body’s gas exchange center. It brings oxygen into the body and lets carbon dioxide out.

BREATHING IN AND OUT

THE RESPIRATION

GAS EXCHANGE

VIDEO

Lungs

Diaphragm

Trachea

Bronchi

Bronchioles

Alveoli

THE RESPIRATION

When we breath in, the air enters through the mouth and nose.

BREATHING IN AND OUT

Exhalation

The diaphragm relaxex and moves up. The lungs deflate and the ribcage contracts and gets smaller.

Inhalation

The diaphragm contracts and moves down. The lungs inflate and the ribcage expands.

VS

Carbon dioxide passes out of the blood and into the alveoli.

Oxygen passes through the alveoli and into the blood.

Capillaries

Gas exchange

(These two processes occur at the same time).

excretorysystem

The excretory system is used to eliminate waste and to keep us cool. As our body uses energy, it produces toxins that need to be removed.

URINARY SYSTEM

SKIN

VIDEO

Bladder

Ureters

Kidneys

Urethra

URINARY SYSTEM

All blood passes through the renal arteries in our kidneys where the blood is filtered. This produce urine, which is waste mixed with water.

Bladder

Ureters

Kidneys

Urethra

URINARY SYSTEM

All blood passes through the renal arteries in our kidneys where the blood is filtered. This produce urine, which is waste mixed with water.

Sweat glands

SKIN

Our skin is also part of the excretory system. Sweat glands in the skin excrete sweat, a mixture of water and salts, through pores. When sweat evaporates from the skin. it cools us down.

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Arteries

carry blood with oxygen away from the heart and around the body.

What is the epiglottis?

It is at the top of the oesophagus tand it is a flap of cartilage.

Capillaries

connect the arteries and veins together and allow for gas exchange.

Bronchi

There is one main bronchus for each lung.

Capillaries

connect the arteries and veins together and allow for gas exchange.

Trachea

It is a long tube that goes down into the chest and then divides into two tubes.

Capillaries

connect the arteries and veins together and allow for gas exchange.

Bronchioles

Each bronchi is divided into many bronchioles.

Pulmonary loop

Blood flows from the heart to the lungs and then back to the heart. It expels carbon dioxide and picks up oxygen.

Veins

carry blood with carbon dioxide back to the heart.

Alveoli

At the end of each bronchiole there are tiny sacs called alveoli.

Diaphragm

Large muscle under the lungs.

Sytemic loop

Blood flows from the heart to the rest of the body. It carries oxygen to all the cells and picks up carbon dioxide and waste.