NATURALES - PRESENTACIÓN UNIT 2
carmengs94
Created on October 25, 2024
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Transcript
What are we made of?
UNIt 2
INdex
Why does our food matter?
digestive system
respiratory system
Circulatory system
Excretory system
Review
Why does our food matter?
hUMANS ARE heterotrophs. To get energy, we must take in nutrients and oxygen. Then, our systems can work!
PROTEINS
OXYGEN
WATER
FATS
VITAMINS AND MINERALS
CARBOHYDRATES
Unhealthy fats
fats
Healthy fats
They provide us with energy and help with vitamins absorption.
calcium
vitamins
iron
Vitamins & minerals
Ther are vital. They help our inmune system, help us grow and help cells to work properly.
Unhealthy carbohydrates
carbohydrates
Healthy carbohydrates
They provide our body with energy. There are:
Vegetable protein
Proteins
Animal protein
They make up the tissues of the body (like: muscles and bones) and keep us strong.
oxygen
Our cells need to breathing in oxygen to transform carbohydrates into energy.
Water
Do you know that the majority of our body consists of water?It is aproximately the 50% or 70% of our weight.
We use water to transport nutrients, help with the digestion, breathing and circulation.
Healthy diet
Food pyramid
Food label
very small amounts
2 or 4 servings a day.
2 or 3 servings a day.
2 or 3 servings a day.
6 or 11 servings a day.
Food pyramid
3 or 5 servings a day.
Fruits
Grains
Vegetables
Dairy products
Meat, fish...
Fats, salt and sugar
very small amounts
2 or 4 servings a day.
2 or 3 servings a day.
2 or 3 servings a day.
6 or 11 servings a day.
Food pyramid
3 or 5 servings a day.
Fruits
Grains
Vegetables
Dairy products
Meat, fish...
Fats, salt and sugar
Food label
digestive system
The digestive system breaks down the food we take in and works with other systems to extract the nutrients and expel undigested waste.
The Digestive System
2. Oesophagus
3. Stomach
4. Small intestine
1. Mouth
5. Large intestine
MOUTH
1. Teeth crush the food as we chew.2. Salivary glands produce a liquid called saliva that makes food easier to swallow.3. Food is shaped into a ball (bolus) by the tongue.
+ info
OESOPHAGUS
1. Food is passed into the oesophagus when we swallow. 2. The epiglottis stops food going down the windpipe. 3. Muscles contract to send the food down to the stomach.
STOMACH
1. Food reaches the stomach and mixes with gastric juices that break down the food and kill dangerous bacterias.2. The muscular walls of the stomach contract and relax mixing the food.
SMALL INTESTINE
1. When it is liquid food is passed into the small intestine.2. It is mixed with bile from the liver and pancreatic juices from the pancreas.3. This breaks down the mixture into nutrients: proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins and minerals.4. Later, absorption occurs, and nutrients are passed into the blood.
LARGE INTESTINE
1. Food waste continues through the large intestine.2. Water reabsorption into the blood occurs.3. Solid waste passes through the rectum and leaves through the anus.
circulatorysystem
The circulatory system carries nutrients and oxygen to all the cells and tissues in the body.
BLOOD VESSELS
CIRCULATION
BLOOD
HEART
VIDEO
Plasma
White blood cells
Platelet
BLOOD
Red blood cells
Blood is a red liquid that transports oxygen, carbon dioxide and nutrients around the body. Its components are:
Do you know why our blood is red?
Plasma (55%) is a yellow liquid that is 90% water and carries nutrients and waste.
Platelet (0,5%) are particles that join together when we cut our skin stop bleeding.
White blood cells (0,5%) fight infections. They attack bacteria and viruses.
BLOOD
Red blood cells (44%) carry oxygen and carbon dioxide.
Capillaries
Arteries
Veins
BLOOD vessels
Blood vessels carry the blood through the body.
Capillaries
Inferior vena cava
Superior vena cava
Atrium
Aorta
Ventricle
heart
The heart is a muscular organ with four chambers which pumps blood around the body.
Pulmonary loop
Systemic loop
Circulation
Blood flows around the body in two loops:
respiratorysystem
The respiratory system is the body’s gas exchange center. It brings oxygen into the body and lets carbon dioxide out.
BREATHING IN AND OUT
THE RESPIRATION
GAS EXCHANGE
VIDEO
Lungs
Diaphragm
Trachea
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Alveoli
THE RESPIRATION
When we breath in, the air enters through the mouth and nose.
BREATHING IN AND OUT
Exhalation
The diaphragm relaxex and moves up. The lungs deflate and the ribcage contracts and gets smaller.
Inhalation
The diaphragm contracts and moves down. The lungs inflate and the ribcage expands.
VS
Carbon dioxide passes out of the blood and into the alveoli.
Oxygen passes through the alveoli and into the blood.
Capillaries
Gas exchange
(These two processes occur at the same time).
excretorysystem
The excretory system is used to eliminate waste and to keep us cool. As our body uses energy, it produces toxins that need to be removed.
URINARY SYSTEM
SKIN
VIDEO
Bladder
Ureters
Kidneys
Urethra
URINARY SYSTEM
All blood passes through the renal arteries in our kidneys where the blood is filtered. This produce urine, which is waste mixed with water.
Bladder
Ureters
Kidneys
Urethra
URINARY SYSTEM
All blood passes through the renal arteries in our kidneys where the blood is filtered. This produce urine, which is waste mixed with water.
Sweat glands
SKIN
Our skin is also part of the excretory system. Sweat glands in the skin excrete sweat, a mixture of water and salts, through pores. When sweat evaporates from the skin. it cools us down.
review
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Arteries
carry blood with oxygen away from the heart and around the body.
What is the epiglottis?
It is at the top of the oesophagus tand it is a flap of cartilage.
Capillaries
connect the arteries and veins together and allow for gas exchange.
Bronchi
There is one main bronchus for each lung.
Capillaries
connect the arteries and veins together and allow for gas exchange.
Trachea
It is a long tube that goes down into the chest and then divides into two tubes.
Capillaries
connect the arteries and veins together and allow for gas exchange.
Bronchioles
Each bronchi is divided into many bronchioles.
Pulmonary loop
Blood flows from the heart to the lungs and then back to the heart. It expels carbon dioxide and picks up oxygen.
Veins
carry blood with carbon dioxide back to the heart.
Alveoli
At the end of each bronchiole there are tiny sacs called alveoli.
Diaphragm
Large muscle under the lungs.
Sytemic loop
Blood flows from the heart to the rest of the body. It carries oxygen to all the cells and picks up carbon dioxide and waste.