Eportfolio

Kevin Isai Garcia Velasco - A01665646English IV

E-PORTAFOLIO

Bitter - AmargoFresh - FrescoHearty - SustanciosoLight - LigeroSweet - DulceSavory - SaladoCrispy - CrujienteSpicy - PicanteTasty - SabrosoFried - FritoGrilled - A la parrillaHomemade - Casero

Describing food

Fashionable - De modaStylish - EleganteMatching - A juego / CombinadoDress up - ArreglarseSmart - Elegante / FormalCasual - Informal / CasualOld-fashioned - AnticuadoTight - AjustadoLoose - SueltoComfortable - Cómodo

Describing clothes

Action - Acción Comedy - Comedia Drama - Drama Horror - Terror Science fiction - Ciencia ficción Fantasy - Fantasía Romantic - Romántico Thriller - Suspenso Documentary - Documental

Types of films

Vocabulary I

Cycle laneart galleryland markneighbourdhoodoutdoor cafépedestrian streetskylinesquare suburbtraffic jam

The town

Air conditioning - Aire acondicionadoCentral heating - Calefacción centralPatio - PatioBalcony - BalcónBlock of flats - Bloque de apartamentosCeiling - TechoStaircase - EscaleraRoof - Techo / TejadoCottage - Casa de campoStudio - EstudioFloor - Piso / Suelo

Types of films

Vocabulary II

Affirmative: Subject + past verb + complement.Negative: Subject + did not (didn't) + verb in infinitive + complement. Question: Did + subject + verb in infinitive + complement?

EXAMPLES

The simple past is used to describe actions or events that occurred in the past and no longer have a direct connection to the present.

PAST SIMPLE

Affirmative: Subject + am/is/are + verb + -ingNegative: Subject + am/is/are + not + verb + -ingQuestion: Am/Is/Are + subject + verb + -ing?

EXAMPLES

The present continuous is used to describe actions that are happening right now or in a current period, but have not yet finished.

PRESENT COTINUOUS

Affirmative: Subject + have/has + past participleNegative: Subject + have/has + not + past participleQuestion: Have/Has + subject + past participle?

EXAMPLES

The present perfect is a verb tense in English used to talk about past actions that affect the present or that started in the past and continue until now.

Present perfect

Affirmative: Subject + have/has + been + verb + -ingNegative: Subject + have/has + not + been + verb + -ingQuestion: Have/Has + subject + been + verb + -ing?

EXAMPLES

The present perfect continuous is a verb tense in English that is used to talk about actions that began in the past and are still continuing or have recently ended, highlighting the duration or continuity of the action.

Present perfect continuous

Definite article ("the"): Used to refer to something specific or known.Indefinite articles ("a" and "an"): Used to talk about something general or unspecified.-"A" is used before words that begin with a consonant sound.-"An" is used before words that begin with a vowel sound.

EXAMPLES

Articles in English are words used to specify or generalize a noun. There are two types of articles:

Articles

Comparative: Adjective + -er (for short adjectives) / more + adjective (for long adjectives) Superlative: Adjective + -est (for short adjectives) / most + adjective (for long adjectives)

Comparatives: Used to compare two elements. Generally, -er is added to the adjective for comparisons (or more is used for long adjectives).Superlatives: Used to indicate that something is "the most" in a category. Add -est to the adjective (or use most for long adjectives).

EXAMPLES

Comparatives and superlatives are used in English to compare people, things or situations:

Comparatives AND Superlatives

Zero Conditional Use: For general facts or universal truths.First Conditional Use: For real or possible situations in the future.

Zero Conditional: If + present simple, present simple. First Conditional: If + present simple, will + base verb.

EXAMPLES

Conditionals I

EXAMPLES

Second Conditional: If + simple past, would + base verb.Third Conditional: If + past perfect, would have + past participle.

Second Conditional Use: For hypothetical or improbable situations in the present or future.Third Conditional Use: For hypothetical situations in the past that did not occur.

Conditionals II

Can/Could: Ability or permissionMay/Might: PossibilityMust: Strong obligation Have to: External obligationShould/Ought to: Advice or recommendationWill: Future intentionWould: Hypothetical situations

EXAMPLES

These are auxiliary verbs that communicate concepts such as ability, possibility, need, permission or obligation.

MODAL VERDS

EXAMPLES

Some: Used in affirmative sentences and informal questions to offer or request something.Much: Used in negative sentences and questions, generally with uncountable nouns.Many: Used in affirmative and negative sentences and questions, generally with countable nouns.A lot of: Used in affirmative and negative sentences and questions, with countable and uncountable nouns.Few/Little: Used to express a small amount; "few" with countable nouns and "little" with uncountable nouns.Each/Every: Used to refer to all members of a group individually.

Quantifiers are words that indicate the quantity or degree of nouns, and are used to express specific or general quantities in sentences.

Quantifiers

Cave - cuevabay - bahíacliff - acantiladocoast - costadesert - desiertoforest - bosquehill - colinaisland - islalake - lagomountain - montaña

Natural world

backpack - mochilacamping stove - estufa de campinginsect repellent - repelente de insectosportable charger - cargador portátilsleeping bag - saco de dormirsunglasses - gafas de solsunscreen - protector solartent - Casa de campañatorch - protector solarwalking boots - botas para caminarwaterproof jacket - Impermiable

Outdoor equiment

Work on - trabajar engain - ganarimprove - mejorardevelop - desarrollarprepare - prepararedit - editardesign - diseñarlearn - aprendertake - tomar

Skills and abilities

Vocabulary I

encourage - alentarrefuse - rechazarwarned - prevenidopromise - promesapersuade - persuadirrecommend - recomendaradvise - aconsejarsuggest - sugerirconsider - considerarstart - comenzaravoid - evitar

Verbs of Influence and Action

abstract - abstractoawful - horriblecheerful - alegrecolourful - vistosocreative - creativofascinating - fascinanteold-fashioned - pasado de modaoriginal - originalpowerful - poderosorealistic - realistaspectacular - espectaculartraditional - tradicionalugly - feounoriginal - poco originalweird - extraño

describing art

wonderful - maravillosofurious - furiosoterrible - terriblethrilled - encantadotiny - diminutoterrified - aterrorizadodisgusting - desagradablegorgeous - esplendidoexcelent - exelenteexhausted - exhaustohuge - enorme

descriptions

Vocabulary II

Afirmativo: Subject + had + past participleNegativo: Subject + had + not + past participleQuestion: Had + subject + past participle?

EXAMPLES

The past perfect is a tense used to talk about an action that occurred before another action in the past. It is useful to show the order of past events.

PAST PERFECT

Using "to" + base form of the verb: Often used to explain the reason for an action.Using "in order to" or "so as to" + base form of the verb: These are slightly more formal than "to" alone.Using "for" + noun: Used to explain the purpose of something with a noun.Using "so that" + subject + can/could/will/would: This form is often used to explain a purpose with a future or possible result.

EXAMPLES

It is a way of explaining the motive or reason behind an action. It is used to indicate why something is done or what the intention is behind an action.

EXPRESSING PURPOSE

Milstons are important achievements or stages in a process, project or in the life of a person or organization. These mark key moments of progress toward a larger goal and help measure progress or success along that path.

MILSTONS

Passive Voice in Past

Afirmativo: Subject + was/were + past participleNegativo: Subject + was/were + not + past participleQuestion: Was/Were + subject + past participle?

Passive Voice in Present

Afirmativo: Subject + am/is/are + past participleNegativo: Subject + am/is/are + not + past participleQuestion: Am/Is/Are + subject + past participle?

EXAMPLES

The passive voice is used to focus on the action or the recipient of the action, rather than the person performing it.

Passive voice: present and past

Short responses with so

So + auxiliary verb + subject

EXAMPLES

Short "so" responses are used to show positive agreement with a previous statement, indicating that someone else has the same experience or feeling.

EXAMPLES

Short responses with neither/nor

Neither/Nor + auxiliary verb + subject

Short responses with "neither" and "nor" are used to show negative agreement with a previous statement, indicating that someone else also does not have the same experience or feeling.

EXAMPLES

Short responses with too/either

Too: Used in positive affirmations.Subject + auxiliary verb + tooEither: Used in negative statements.Subject + auxiliary verb + either

Short responses with "too" and "either" are used to express positive agreement (with too) or negative agreement (with either) with a previous statement.

Affirmative: Subject + said (that) + Subject + verb in pastNegative: Subject + said (that) + Subject + didn’t + verb in infinitiveQuestion: Subject + asked + if/whether + Subject + verb

EXAMPLES

Reported sentences are used to tell what another person has said, but without quoting their words directly. The verb tense, pronoun and other parts of the sentence are changed.

Reported Statements

verb patterns - to & -ing

Verbs followed by to + infinitive:These verbs are followed by the verb in its base form with to. They generally indicate intention, purpose, or something that must be done.-want -decide -plan-hope -expectVerbs followed by -ing (gerund):These verbs are followed by an -ing verb. They are used to talk about activities, tastes, or actions that are permanent or habitual.-enjoy -mind -finish-suggest -consider

EXAMPLES

Some verbs are followed by an infinitive verb (with to) or a gerund verb (with -ing). Here I explain how they are used:

In this partial we cover different topics. I was familiar with some concepts, but I had a better understanding of how to use them in conversation and writing. I especially enjoyed the exercises as they helped me apply what we learned.Although my skills have improved, I need more. The vocabulary lessons about everyday situations were useful, but sometimes in the exams I got confused.If I could go back, I would remind myself to accept mistakes as learning opportunities. In general, I feel good and I want to continue learning and get a better grade.

My reflexion

Self-Evaluation

Self-Evaluation

VIDEOS

• I will help you with your homework after dinner.
• If I had more time, I would travel around the world.

Will/Would

• You should try that new restaurant; it’s fantastic!
• You ought to apologize for your mistake.

Should/Ought to

• I have to finish this report by tomorrow.

Have to

• You must wear a helmet when riding a bike.

Must

• It may rain later, so take an umbrella.
• She might join us for dinner, but she's not sure.

May/Might

• She can speak three languages fluently
• When I was a child, I could stay up late.

EXAMPLES

Can/Could

• She finished her homework last night.
• They visited Paris in 2019.

• He didn’t go to the meeting yesterday.
• We didn’t watch that movie last weekend.

QUESTION

NEGATIVE

EXAMPLES

AFFIRMATIVE

• Did you call your friend yesterday?
• Did they enjoy the concert last night?

• I am working on a new project.
• They are playing soccer in the park.

• She isn’t sleeping at the moment.
• We are not eating dinner yet.

QUESTION

NEGATIVE

EXAMPLES

AFFIRMATIVE

• Is he watching TV right now?
• Are they coming to the party?

• He is the fastest runner in the class.
• This is the most beautiful place I’ve visited.

• This book is shorter than that one.
• Her explanation was more detailed than his.

COMPARATIVE

EXAMPLES

SUPERLATIVE

• Each student must submit their project by Friday.
• Every car in the lot is parked properly.

Each/Every

• I have few friends in this city. (few: countable)
• There is little milk left in the fridge. (little: uncountable)

Few/Little

• There are a lot of people at the concert.

A lot of

• How many books did you read last month?

Many

• I don’t have much time to finish my homework.

Much

• I have some cookies if you want one.

EXAMPLES

Some

• I have completed my tasks.
• He has traveled to five countries.

• We haven’t seen that movie.
• She hasn’t eaten breakfast yet.

QUESTION

NEGATIVE

EXAMPLES

AFFIRMATIVE

• Have they started the project?
• Has he called you back?

• If you mix red and blue, you get purple.
• If it rains, the ground gets wet.

• If I finish my homework, I will watch a movie.
• If she studies hard, she will pass the exam.

First Conditional

EXAMPLES

Zero Conditional

• The teacher explained the homework to the class.
• I saw the movie you recommended.

• She adopted a dog last weekend.
• I found a good restaurant nearby.

AN

EXAMPLES

THE

• He ate an orange for breakfast.
• I saw an interesting documentary yesterday.

• If I were a bird, I would fly high in the sky.
• If he had more time, he would learn to play the guitar.

• If they had left earlier, they would have caught the train.
• If I had known about the concert, I would have bought tickets.

Third Conditional

EXAMPLES

Second Conditional

• I have been reading that book for hours.
• They have been working on this task since morning.

• She hasn’t been sleeping well.
• We haven’t been practicing enough.

QUESTION

NEGATIVE

EXAMPLES

AFFIRMATIVE

• Have they been studying for the exam?
• Has he been feeling better recently?

• I had already eaten when they arrived.
• He had left by the time she called.

• We hadn’t met him before the party.
• She hadn’t finished the project on time.

QUESTION

NEGATIVE

EXAMPLES

AFFIRMATIVE

• Had they left before you arrived?
• Had he studied for the exam?

• I exercise to stay healthy.
• They moved to the city to find better jobs.

• She arrived early in order to get a good seat.
• He took an umbrella in order to avoid getting wet.

So that + subject + verb

In order to + infinitive

EXAMPLES

To + infinitive

• They left early so that they wouldn’t miss the train.
• I studied hard so that I could get a scholarship.

• Afirmativo: The cake was baked yesterday.
• Negativo: The emails weren’t sent on time.
• Question: Was the meeting organized by him?

Passive Voice in Past

• Afirmativo: The letters are sent every day.
• Negativo: The report isn’t written by him.
• Question: Is the homework done by all students?

EXAMPLES

Passive Voice in Present

Person 1: They went to the concert.Person 2: So did we.Person 1: He was surprised.Person 2: So was I.

Past

Person 1: I am tired.Person 2: So am I.Person 1: She likes chocolate.Person 2: So do I.

EXAMPLES

Present

• Direct: She said, "I am going to the store."
• Reported: She said (that) she was going to the store.

• Direct: He said, "I don’t like coffee."
• Reported: He said (that) he didn’t like coffee.

QUESTION

NEGATIVE

EXAMPLES

AFFIRMATIVE

• Direct: John asked, "Are you coming to the party?"
• Reported: John asked if we were coming to the party.

Person 1: They didn't finish the project.Person 2: Neither did we. / Nor did we.Person 1: He wasn't interested.Person 2: Neither was I. / Nor was I.

Past

Person 1: I don't like coffee.Person 2: Neither do I. / Nor do I.Person 1: She isn't coming to the party.Person 2: Neither am I. / Nor am I.

EXAMPLES

Present

Person 1: I don't like spicy food.Person 2: I don't either.Person 1: He wasn't feeling well.Person 2: I wasn't either.

Negatives (Either)

Person 1: I like ice cream.Person 2: I do too.Person 1: She is coming to the party.Person 2: I am too.

EXAMPLES

Affirmatives (Too)

I enjoy reading books.They suggested going to the museum.

-ing (gerund)

I want to go to the beach.She decided to study abroad.

EXAMPLES

to + infinitive