Respiratory

Respiratorydisturbance

1. Respiratory Distress - When the patient has adequate tidal volume and adequate respiratory rate that produces an adequate minute rate and alveolar ventilation.
2. Respiratory Failure - Is inadequate tidal volume, or an inadequate respiratory rate, or both.
3. Respiratory Arrest - That's when there is no tidal volume and no respiratory rate. The patient will have agonal respirations or become apneic.

Respirtory Disturbance

Respiratory disturbance can be categorized in 3 ways.

Asthma is a common lung disease and a person will experience dyspnea (shortness of breath), wheezing, cough, tachycardia (heart rate greater than 120), chest tightness, and use of accessory muscles.Pathophysiology for asthma is an increased sensitivity from allergens and airway irritants, causing bronchospasm, inflammation, and thick mucus production. Which constricts the airways leading to dyspnea. Treatment - Administer oxygen NRB 10-15 Lpm. Then either patients MDI (metered-dose inhaler) or nebulizer 2.5mg/3cc water until the SVN (small-volume nebulizer) no longer produces a mist. This usually takes about 5-10 minutes depending on the patients breathing rate and depth.

Asthma

Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) include emphysema and chronic bronchitis. These two diseases continue to progress and the disease causes an obstruction of airflow through the respiratory tract that will cause a reduction in gas exchange. The consequence is severe hypoxia. The cause is from smoking or environmental toxins. These patients will have a continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) or a bilevel positive airway presssure (BiPAP) machine at their side to assist in keeping the airway open. Treatment - Administer oxygen to the patient's oxygen level between 88 to 92%. If crackles are present, then CPAP will be needed. Other symptoms include: cough, wheezes, chronically cyanotic complexion, and asterixis.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Spontaneous pneumothorax is a sudden onset of a collapsed lung. It's a partial rupture of the visceral lining of the lung. The visceral pleura ruptures without any trauma to the chest. Air gets into the pleural cavity, disrupting its normally negative pressure and causes the lung to collapse. This causes disturbance in gas exchange and can lead to hypoxia. Symptoms are the sudden onset of dyspnea, sharp chest pain or shoulder pain, decreased breath sounds to one side of the chest, tachypnea, diaphoresis, and cyanosis.Treatment - Admister oxygen to maintain an SpO2 of 94% or above. If showing signs of respiratory distress or chest pain causing inadequate breathing, then provide positive pressure ventilation with great care and minimal tidal volume to effectively ventilate the patient. CPAP can also be a contraindication for pneumothorax.

Spontaneous Pneumothorax

Alamy Ltd. 2024. Web. https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo/human-lungs.html?sortBy=relevant

https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15304-collapsed-lung-pneumothorax

Mistovich, JosepCopyright © 2024 The Cleveland Clinic Foundationh J., and Keith J. Karren. Prehospital Emergency Care. 12th ed., Pearson, 2024. BookPages 548-599. 10/24/2024

The Cleveland Clinic Foundation. Web. 2024

https://www.ccjm.org/content/83/2/127 10/24/2024

https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/6424-asthma

Cited Sources