Apresentação Tecnologia Digital

Made by: TECH MEC 25

Tomás Silva André Santana Francisco Perry

MECHATRONICS

GLOSSARY

WHAT IS MECHATRONICS

Mechatronics is a multidisciplinary field that refers to the skill sets needed in the contemporary, advanced automated manufacturing industry. At the intersection of mechanics, electronics, and computing, mechatronics specialists create simpler, smarter systems.

INDEX

AC Motors

Arduino

Casting

Digital systems

Eletronics

Extrusion

Forging

Heat Treatment

Stamping and Punching

Surface Finishing

Machining

Multimeter and Oscilloscope

welding

3D printers

AC MOTORS

AC motors are electric motors that run on alternating current (AC). They convert electrical energy into mechanical energy, making them essential for various applications, from household appliances to industrial machinery. AC motors are known for their durability, efficiency, and ability to provide constant speed under load. They come in two main types: synchronous and induction motors, each suited for different uses depending on their design and operational characteristics.

Arduino (or other microcontroller platforms)

Arduino (or other microcontroller platforms) Purpose: Arduino is an open-source microcontroller platform used to design and prototype electronic circuits, sensors, and automation systems. Use in Mechatronics: It serves as the brain of many mechatronic systems, allowing the control of mechanical systems through programmed software. It's widely used for robotic applications, sensor integration, and embedded systems.

Casting

Overview: Casting involves pouring molten metal into a mold to solidify and take the shape of the mold cavity. Common Methods: Sand Casting: Molten metal is poured into a mold made from sand, which is compacted around a pattern to create the cavity. Die Casting: Molten metal is injected into a metal die under high pressure, typically for high-volume production of parts with intricate details. Investment Casting: A pattern is coated with a heat-resistant material to form a mold, which is then heated to remove the pattern and hardened. Applications: Used for producing complex shapes like engine blocks, turbine blades, and art sculptures.

Digital systems

Digital systems are a key area within electronics and computer science, process, store, and transmit information using binary code (0s and 1s). Built with components like logic gates and microprocessors, they enable precise data control. As the backbone of modern technology, digital systems power devices like computers, smartphones, and networks, ensuring efficient, reliable data handling across consumer electronics, industrial automation, and data processing.

Eletronics

Electronics is a branch of science and engineering centered on understanding, designing, and using devices and systems that manage the flow of electric current. This field involves creating circuits made up of components such as resistors, capacitors, transistors, and diodes, which adjust and control electrical signals. These components make it possible to develop a wide range of devices, from basic tools like flashlights to advanced technologies like smartphones and computers.

Extrusion

Overview: Extrusion is a process where metal is forced through a die to produce long parts with a uniform cross-sectional profile.Common Methods: Hot Extrusion: The metal is heated before being pushed through the die, often used for aluminum, copper, and steel. Cold Extrusion: Performed at room temperature or slightly elevated temperatures, producing precise parts without the need for heating. Applications: Used for producing bars, tubes, pipes, and complex profiles in materials like aluminum, brass, and steel.

Forging

Overview: Forging is the process of shaping metal using localized compressive forces, typically with a hammer or press.Common Methods: Open Die Forging: The metal is placed between two flat dies, and the metal is hammered or pressed into shape. Closed Die Forging (Impression Die Forging): The metal is placed in a die that has a specific shape, and pressure is applied to form the final shape. Roll Forging: A variation where the metal is passed through rollers to form elongated shapes. Applications: Forging is used to produce strong, durable parts such as shafts, gears, and connecting rods, often for automotive and aerospace industries.

Heat Treatment

Overview: Heat treatment involves heating and cooling metals in a controlled way to alter their properties, such as hardness, strength, and ductility. Common Methods: Annealing: Heating the metal to a specific temperature and then cooling it slowly to soften it and reduce hardness. Quenching: Heating the metal to a high temperature and then rapidly cooling it (usually in water or oil) to increase hardness. Tempering: After quenching, the metal is reheated to a lower temperature to relieve stress and improve toughness. Case Hardening: Hardening the surface of a metal part while keeping the core softer for added strength and wear resistance. Applications: Heat treatment is used to improve the performance of metal components such as gears, bearings, and cutting tools.

Stamping and Punching

Overview: Stamping and punching involve using a die and a press to cut, shape, or form metal sheets into desired shapes. Common Methods: Blanking: Cutting out a shape from a metal sheet. Punching: Punching holes or other shapes into a sheet of metal. Bending: Using a die to bend metal sheets at specific angles. Deep Drawing: A process where a sheet of metal is drawn into a mold to form deeper parts, like car body panels. Applications: Used for manufacturing automotive parts, electrical components, and consumer products, such as washers, brackets, and connectors.

Surface Finishing

Overview: Surface finishing processes improve the appearance, corrosion resistance, and functionality of metal parts. Common Methods: Polishing: Smoothing the surface of metal to achieve a shiny, reflective finish. Abrasive Blasting (Sandblasting): Using high-pressure air to blast abrasives onto the surface to clean or texture the metal. Electroplating: A thin layer of metal (such as chrome or gold) is deposited onto the surface of the part using an electrical current. Anodizing: An electrochemical process that thickens the oxide layer on aluminum parts, improving corrosion resistance and surface hardness. Applications: Used for decorative, functional, and corrosion-resistant finishes in industries like automotive, electronics, and consumer goods.

Machining

Overview: Machining involves removing material from a workpiece to achieve the desired shape, size, and finish. This is often done using machine tools that are powered by electrical or mechanical means. Common Methods: Turning: The workpiece is rotated against a cutting tool to remove material. Common in lathe operations. Milling: A rotating cutter removes material from a stationary workpiece. Can create complex 2D and 3D shapes. Drilling: A rotating drill bit creates round holes in the material. Grinding: Uses an abrasive wheel to remove small amounts of material, often for finishing and fine tolerances. Applications: Machining is used for precision parts such as gears, turbine blades, and aerospace components.

Multimeter and Oscilloscope

Purpose: A multimeter is used to measure electrical quantities like voltage, current, and resistance, while an oscilloscope visualizes electrical signals over time. Use in Mechatronics: These tools are critical for troubleshooting and debugging electronic circuits in mechatronic systems. They help test the functionality of sensors, actuators, and microcontroller circuits, as well as monitor signal behavior in real-time systems.

welding

Overview: Welding is the process of joining two or more pieces of metal by applying heat (and sometimes pressure) to create a bond. Common Methods: Arc Welding: Uses an electric arc to melt the metal and join the workpieces. Common types include MIG (Metal Inert Gas), TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas), and Stick welding. Gas Welding (Oxy-Acetylene Welding): A flame is used to melt and fuse metal parts. Laser Welding: A high-intensity laser is used to melt the metal and form the weld, allowing for very fine, precise welding. Applications: Welding is essential in industries like construction, automotive, aerospace, and shipbuilding for creating strong, permanent joints.

3D printers

Purpose: A 3D printer is used for additive manufacturing, where physical models or prototypes are built layer by layer based on digital designs.Use in Mechatronics: 3D printing is often used to create custom parts, prototypes, and mechanisms, especially for robotics and automation systems. It allows for rapid prototyping and testing of mechanical parts before full-scale production.