Reinaissance and Filippo Brunelleschi

Imma Liparulo 4bl Liceo Scientifico-Linguistico A.M De Carlo Art history: Clil metodology

the RENAISSANCE

The Renaissance, meaning "rebirth", refers to the rediscovery of classical antiquity and their naturalistic ideals in art. Starting in the 15th century in Italy and spreading across Europe by the late 16th century, it arose from new trade routes and a growing merchant class supporting artists. The movement thrived in Florence until Rome regained prominence. Art became more realistic, with portraits reflecting self-worth. Reason and science began to replace religious explanations, alongside technological innovations like linear perspective and oil painting. Artists evolved from craftsmen to respected innovators, often reliant on wealthy patrons or the Church.

During the Renaissance, a distinct artistic movement emerged in the Netherlands, differing from Italy. Northern artists like Jan Van Eyck emphasized realism over idealism. The invention of wood printing marked significant progress; for instance, Albrecht Dürer produced remarkable prints on religious themes and nature. Other key advancements included the rise of landscape painting and portraiture.

Some information about Filippo Brunelleschi's life

Filippo brunelleschi and the linear perspective

Linear perspective is a technique developed during the Renaissance to help artists create the illusion of depth on a flat surface, like a canvas. This technique makes all the parallel lines (called orthogonal) converge in a single point, called the vanishing point, which is located on the horizon line. The linear perspective developed completely in the 15th century, when the mathematical laws governing the correct representation of objects were discovered. Around 1420, Brunelleschi discovered that, looking from a fixed point, the parallel lines seem to converge at a distant point. With mirrors, he made a sketch of the Baptistery of Florence in perspective and calculated the scale of the objects to make them realistic. This discovery revolutionized art and has been used by many artists. Masaccio and others, such as Leon Battista Alberti and Lorenzo Ghiberti, have contributed to the development of the technique.