Types of Chemical Reactions

Types of Bonds

Objective: Identify the five general types of chemical reactions and describe components that are reactants and products in these reactions.

Main Chemical Reactions

Covalent Bonds

Metallic Bonds

Ionic Bonds

Transfer electrons between a Metal and a Non-metal.

Info

Share electrons between two Non-metals.

Delocalised electrons in the "sea of electrons" between Metals

Types of Chemical Reactions

Objective: Identify the five general types of chemical reactions and describe components that are reactants and products in these reactions.

Single-Replacement

Combination

Decomposition

a single compound breaks down into two or more.

one element replaces a second element in a compound.

two or more substances react to form a single new substance

Combustion

Double-Replacement

an exchange of ions between two compounds.

an element or compound reacts with oxygen, often producing energy in the form of heat and light. It always involves oxygen as a reactant. Often the other reactant is a hydrocarbon (compound of hydrogen and carbon).

Decomposition Reaction

Lab 1. Materials & Steps

01:00

NaHCO₃ --> NaC + H₂O

Sodium Bicarbonate

Cobalt Test Paper

Wooden Splints

Lab burner

Test tubes

2.Heat the solid in the test tube gently in the burner flame for about one minute.

Cobalt chloride test paper is blue when dry but turns pink when in contact with water or water vapor.

4.Place a piece of cobalt chloride test paper in the mouth of the test tube.

3.Light a wooden splint and place it in the mouth of the test tube.

1. Place 1g of sodium bicarbonate in a test tube.

Synthesis Reaction

Lab 2. Materials & Steps

Mg + O₂ → MgO

Magnesium metal ribbon

Sun glasses

Watch glass

Lab burner

Pair of tongs

2.Hold the piece of magnesium metal ribbon with a pair of tongs.

5. When finished burning, place the remains in a watch glass.

4.Observe by looking slightly to one side and using peripheral vision.

3.Burn the ribbon. DO NOT LOOK DIRECTLY AT THE FLAME!

1. Obtain a strip of magnesium metal ribbon.

Combustion Reaction

Lab 3. Materials & Steps

C₂H₆O + O₂ →CO₂ + H₂O + fire

Empty container

Beaker

Alcohol

Lab burner

Wooden splints

1. Pour alcohol in the empty container.

2.Shake the container, the alcohol will become a gas.

5. Pour out the remaining liquid into a beaker.

4.Light up a wooden splint and place it in the mouth of the empty container.

3.Pour out the excess of liquid alcohol.

Double Replacement Reaction

Lab 4. Materials & Steps

CaCl₂ + Na₂CO₃ -->NaCl₂ +CaCO₃

Test Tube

Calcium Chloride

Sodium Carbonate

Pipets

3.Add one pipet full of a 0.5 M sodium carbonate solution to the test tube

2.Add one pipet full of a 0.5 M calcium chloride solution to the test tube.

1. Obtain an empty test tube.

Single Replacement Reaction

Lab 5. Materials & Steps

AgNO₃ + Cu --> CuNO₃ + Ag

Silver Nitrate

Test tube

Pencil

Copper Wire

1.Fill a test tube about half full with a 0.5 M silver nitrate solution.

2.Wrap a piece of copper wire around a pencil so it forms a coil.

4.Observe for several minutes as the wire reacts with the solution.

3.Submerge the coiled copper wire into the silver nitrate solution.

Non-Polar Covalent Bond

Equally sharing of electrons

Unequally sharing of electrons

Polar Covalent Bond

IONIC BONDING

COVALENT BONDING

Metallic Bonding: delocalised electrons