Types of Chemical Reactions

Types of Bonds

Main Chemical Reactions

Objective: Identify the five general types of chemical reactions and describe components that are reactants and products in these reactions.

Ionic Bonds

Transfer electrons between a Metal and a Non-metal.

Covalent Bonds

Share electrons between two Non-metals.

Metallic Bonds

Delocalised electrons in the "sea of electrons" between Metals

Info

Types of Chemical Reactions

Objective: Identify the five general types of chemical reactions and describe components that are reactants and products in these reactions.

Combination

two or more substances react to form a single new substance

Decomposition

a single compound breaks down into two or more.

Single-Replacement

one element replaces a second element in a compound.

Double-Replacement

an exchange of ions between two compounds.

Combustion

an element or compound reacts with oxygen, often producing energy in the form of heat and light. It always involves oxygen as a reactant. Often the other reactant is a hydrocarbon (compound of hydrogen and carbon).

NaHCO₃ --> NaC + H₂O

Cobalt chloride test paper is blue when dry but turns pink when in contact with water or water vapor.

4.Place a piece of cobalt chloride test paper in the mouth of the test tube.

3.Light a wooden splint and place it in the mouth of the test tube.

2.Heat the solid in the test tube gently in the burner flame for about one minute.

1. Place 1g of sodium bicarbonate in a test tube.

Lab 1. Materials & Steps

Decomposition Reaction

Sodium Bicarbonate

Test tubes

Lab burner

Wooden Splints

01:00

Cobalt Test Paper

Mg + O₂ → MgO

5. When finished burning, place the remains in a watch glass.

4.Observe by looking slightly to one side and using peripheral vision.

3.Burn the ribbon. DO NOT LOOK DIRECTLY AT THE FLAME!

2.Hold the piece of magnesium metal ribbon with a pair of tongs.

1. Obtain a strip of magnesium metal ribbon.

Lab 2. Materials & Steps

Synthesis Reaction

Magnesium metal ribbon

Pair of tongs

Lab burner

Watch glass

Sun glasses

C₂H₆O + O₂ →CO₂ + H₂O + fire

5. Pour out the remaining liquid into a beaker.

4.Light up a wooden splint and place it in the mouth of the empty container.

3.Pour out the excess of liquid alcohol.

2.Shake the container, the alcohol will become a gas.

1. Pour alcohol in the empty container.

Lab 3. Materials & Steps

Combustion Reaction

Empty container

Wooden splints

Lab burner

Alcohol

Beaker

CaCl₂ + Na₂CO₃ -->NaCl₂ +CaCO₃

3.Add one pipet full of a 0.5 M sodium carbonate solution to the test tube

2.Add one pipet full of a 0.5 M calcium chloride solution to the test tube.

1. Obtain an empty test tube.

Lab 4. Materials & Steps

Double Replacement Reaction

Test Tube

Pipets

Sodium Carbonate

Calcium Chloride

AgNO₃ + Cu --> CuNO₃ + Ag

4.Observe for several minutes as the wire reacts with the solution.

3.Submerge the coiled copper wire into the silver nitrate solution.

2.Wrap a piece of copper wire around a pencil so it forms a coil.

1.Fill a test tube about half full with a 0.5 M silver nitrate solution.

Lab 5. Materials & Steps

Single Replacement Reaction

Silver Nitrate

Copper Wire

Pencil

Test tube

Equally sharing of electrons

Non-Polar Covalent Bond

Polar Covalent Bond

Unequally sharing of electrons

IONIC BONDING

COVALENT BONDING

Metallic Bonding: delocalised electrons