fleming

Alexander Fleming and antibiotics

Discoveries in biology

Savalle Anouk, Schmitt Aaron

wow

-Worked as a doctor during WWI

-Nobel prize of Medicine

-Scottish (born in Darvel)

-Doctor, biologist and pharmacist

-6th august 1881- 11th march 1955 (73 years old)

Alexander Fleming

disk diffusion test used for Staphylococcus aureus

Antibiotics

-type of antimicrobial substance active against bacteria.-produced by microorganisms (mostly bacteria and fungi)-not effective against viruses or fungi-greek roots: -"anti" = "against" -"bios" = "life"

Lysozyme crystals stained with methylene blue.

Lysozyme

-Antimicrobial enzyme produced by animals-Abundant in secretions including tears, saliva, human milk, and mucus -Discovered in 1921

fungal culture of Penicillium chrysogenum

Penicillin

-In 1928-Antibiotic obtained from Penicillium moulds-Its discovery increased life expectancy of 23 years-Kills bacteria by destroying their membrane

<- discovered how to isolate and concentrate the germ-killing agent in penicillin.

made it into a useful and effective drug, -> ten years after Fleming had abandoned its development

Ernst Chain

Howard Florey

Both received the nobel prize of medicine with Fleming

diagram detailling how bacteria become antibiotic resistant

Antibiotic resistance

-Overuse and misuse of antiobiotics-Could cause 10 millions deaths annually by 2050-Multiple contibuting factors-Due to mutations of the bacteria

Alexander Fleming’s discovery of penicillin revolutionized medicine, making fatal diseases treatable such as tuberculosis or pneumoniaIt is now commonly used in medicine, to a point where some bacterias developed a resistance to it.

Conclusion