Renaissance music

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Classical Music

Renaissance

Summary

In French, the word renaissance means "rebirth" or "revival." During the Renaissance, artists and thinkers revived the best of ancient Greece and Rome. Renaissance architects designed buildings with arches and pillars to resemble the structures of ancient Rome. The writings of Pythagoras, Plato, and Aristotle became popular again. Artists painted subjects based on Greek and Roman themes.Meanwhile, musicians improved on medieval styles. They looked to the philosophers of Greece and Rome for inspiration and also invented new instruments and techniques of their own.

Index

The Reinassance History

Renaissance Music Introduction

Music Theory

Music Traditions

Composers

Instruments

Sacred Music

Secular Music

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+ History

+ Literature

+ Artists

The Renaissance

Historical Context

- Rebirth and Revitilaztion - Northern vs Southern Renaissance- New thinking in art, science, education, and music-Notable figures: Henry VIII, Michaelangelo, Martin Luther, Monteverdi, Medici Family, Shakespeare

Renaissance Music

Inspiration

Renaissance artists believed in humanism, as well as wanted to emulate the Greeks, who's music they have never heard.

Focus

Renaissance musicians were not interested in the role of music in maintaining political stability; they were more interested in moving people in the same way that Greek musicians had, they sought to appeal to people on an emotional level.

Theory

The division of the octave into 12 equal parts, the importance of the triad Opens in modal popup windowas opposed to the interval, and the major and minor scales.

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Theory

Imitative Counter Point

a type of polyphonic composition in which instruments and voices enter one at a time, each playing or singing a similar musical idea upon its entrance

Canons

a piece in polyphonic style in which a complete subject is imitated by one or more voices at fixed intervals of pitch and time

Canonic motet

Canon using sacred language

Melodic Contour

the distinct shape of a melodic line as defined by the intervals between each note and the notes that precede and follow it

Word Painting

music that illustrates the literal or figurative meaning of the words

Patronage

a system of sponsoring and encouraging organizations or individuals to pursue activities that supported the social, religious, artistic, or political ambitions of the patron

Renaissance Composers

Giovanni Gabrieli

1557-1612

- From Italy- polychoral style- "Surround Soung"- music director at St. Mark's Cathedra

Tomás Luis de Victoria

1548-1611

- From Spain-joined a monastery and served as its music director- serve the Empress Maria-devoted himself to sacred music-complicated polyphony- word painting

Michael Praetorius

1571-1621

- From Germany-Protestant composer- court music director- Influenced by Gabrieli-chorale concerto -wrote about music- Wrote Secular and Sacred

Renaissance Composers

Martin Luther

1483-1546

- From Germany- started Protestant Reformation-composer and poet- Lutheran chorale

Claude Goudimel

1514/20-1572

- From France- Protestant- murdered for beliefs- Chansons, and Psalters, masses and motets

Church of England

- From England- Anglican chant-anthem- long and short services

Harpsichord

Instruments

Strings

Brass

Woodwinds

Sacred Songs

Due to the church branching out, and new demonitions (branches) of the christian church developing sacred music adapted to include more human themes, and include instruments. Women and the "congregation"/ audience were allowed to take a more active role inside the church. Music was still used as political and religious propoganda.

Secular Songs

Secular music grew in popularity and social standing during the reinassance period. Secular music began to have common forms, and elite forms. Traditional music leaned towards the more common form. Classical secular music is the more structured form of music.

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Key Words

• canon : a piece in polyphonic style in which a complete subject is imitated by one or more voices at fixed intervals of pitch and time

• humanism: the intellectual movement that characterized the Renaissance, emphasizing human capabilities and the revival of classical literature

• imitative counterpoint : a type of polyphonic composition in which instruments and voices enter one at a time,each playing or singing a similar musical idea upon its entrance

• madrigal : an important secular form of music consisting of three to six voices, often in Italian
• melodic contour : the distinct shape of a melodic line as defined by the intervals between each note and the notes that precede and follow it

• patronage : a system of sponsoring and encouraging organizations or individuals to pursue activities that supported the social, religious, artistic, or political ambitions of the patron

• Renaissance (REH-nuh-sahns) : period of great European cultural achievement that lasted from the late fourteenth to the early seventeenth century; the term renaissance, which means “rebirth,” refers to a renewed interest in classical civilizations

• triad : a three-note chord
• word painting : music that illustrates the literal or figurative meaning of the words

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Exploring History

- Invention of the Printing Press: Once the printing press was invented, information could be spread quickly - Henry the VIII: Created the holy church of england, fought against catholicism-Tudor Castle-More about Henry - Martin Luther: After leaving the Catholic church he created a more personal religion

Es ist Rose

Dances from Terpsichore

When you listen to the excerpt, notice that the highest voice begins first, singing a simple six-note melody. Two measures later, the next voice enters, singing the same melody but starting five steps lower. The remaining two voices continue this pattern.

Psalter: Psalm 23

Songs of Guidance

Often Sacred music included themes of guidance, security, and plans in how to live a Christian Life style.

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Enter: The Violin

Most impactful Classical Instrument

In Cremona, Italy, the mid-sixteenth century, an instrument maker named Andrea Amati introduced a new sound to the world. Amati was a luthier—a builder of different types of stringed instruments. The Medici family asked Amati to create an instrument with a sweeter, smoother sonority than other stringed instruments of the time. His creativity and engineering skill led him to design and develop a new instrument—the violin.

• Sweeter Sound
• Leads orchestras to this day
• Solo instrument
• Violas, cellos, and Bass derived after

Love Songs

Love songs were a common theme during the Renaissance period. This love song was a poem by Christine de Pisan (or Pizan) who was a 14th-century French writer who was wed at 15 and widowed at 25, and dedicated her output of love-lyrics to the memory of her late husband to whom she was utterly devoted.

In this form of composition, multiple voices or instruments start various complementary musical themes at different times so that they overlap with each another.

Death Songs

Requiems, or funeral masses were supposed to represent death and acceptance.

Jubilate Deo

Sacred Music

As the church lost it's power in society, the church used music to try to attract people. During this time instruments were introduced into sacred music.

Medieval Time

Word painting was first used in Medieval madrigals. This paractice continued on into the Renaissance time

Anglican Chant

Anglican Anthem

Common Sacred Songs

During Catholic services/masses there was a typical order of songs that were included:Kyrie: Kyrie eleison (Lord have mercy) Gloria: Gloria in excelsis Deo (Glory to God in the highest) Credo: Credo in unum Deum (I believe in one God) Santus: Holy, Holy, Holy. Agnus Dei (Lamb of God)

Satire and Comedy

Renaissance composers used satire and medieval madrigals to reflecton Greece and the government.

The crumhorn is a double reed instrument of the woodwind family, most commonly used during the Renaissance period. In modern times, particularly since the 1960s, there has been a revival of interest in early music, and crumhorns are being played again.

Greek Music Influence

Renaissance artists used Greek mythology in their music.

Laments

Dramatizing tragic events was a hallmark of the renaissance time. This piece is thought to be Anne Boleyn's "lament" from before she was executed by her husband, King Henry VIII.

Harpsichord was the precursor to the piano. There were one to two keyboards, and no floor pedals to sustain notes unlike the modern piano. The haprsichord had a tinnier sound and was very hard to keep in tune. Often the inside of the lid and the body of the instrument were artistically decorated and painted.

Professionals Musician:

IUp until this time in history professional musicians did not exist.

O vos Omnes

Explore Artists

Michaelangelo (1475-1564)Sistine Chapel:Bio:Leonardo de Vinci (1452-1590)Invention Gallery:Bio:Donatello (1386-1486)Bio:

Explore Literature

Niccolo Machiavelli:Wrote the Prince"End justifies the means"William Shakespeare:Most influential Playwright

Lutheran Hymn

Cornetto and sackbuts are carry overs from the medieval era. But the cornetto became a more central figure and led to the creation of the trumpet, and euphonium family later.

Frottolas

Italian Frottolas were Italian "lie" madrigals. Translating as ‘a lie’ or ‘a childish deceit’, frottolas are often simple, with repetitive melodies and homophonic textures.

Pavane and Galliard

The pavanne is a more solemn stately dance in a duple meter (in twos). Its participants dance and move around with prearranged stopping and starting places with the music. Pavannes are more formal and used in such settings. The galliard is in triple meter (in threes) and provides an alternative to the rhythms of the pavanne.

Sacred Love

Themes of "God's love" were not popular in this time. Love was more focused on honoring God.