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Mrs. Strite

Digital Photography

Exploring Lighting Types

Lesson 2.2.1

  • Reminders
  • Review
  • Intro to Basic Lighting

Agenda

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U2: Knowledge Check Extra Credit!
10/30Unit 2 Test!
10/282.2.3 Assignment: DirectionalLightTechniques
Reminder2.1.3AssignmentCompositionTechniques

Reminders & Important Dates

These need to be recent photos that YOU took for this assignment.

REMEMBER
Compositional Tech Genially

Compositional Techniques Assignment:

  • 2 Photos clearly demonstrating 2 different compositional techniques
    • Rule of Thirds
    • Leading Lines
    • Fill the Frame
    • Simpliciaty
    • Symmetry
    • Framing

  • Compositional Techniques are used to create exciting, dynamic images.
  • Simplicity: Uses a grid to place the focal point on the interaction of the lines or the lines to add interest.
  • Symmetry: Uses natural or human-made lines to direct the viewer through the image or to the focal point.
  • Framing: Fills most, if not all of the image frame with the main subject. It is used to create emphasis and ellimate distractions in the background.

In the last lesson, you learned:

RECAP

  1. Leading Lines
  2. Rule of Thirds
  3. Fill the Frame
  4. Simplicity
  5. Symmetry
  6. Framing

What Composition Technique is being used?

  1. Leading Lines
  2. Rule of Thirds
  3. Fill the Frame
  4. Simplicity
  5. Symmetry
  6. Framing

What Composition Technique is being used?

  1. Leading Lines
  2. Rule of Thirds
  3. Fill the Frame
  4. Simplicity
  5. Symmetry
  6. Framing

What Composition Technique is being used?

Lesson 2.2.1

Exploring Lighting Types

  • artificial light
  • hard light
  • incandescent light
  • light source
  • incadescent light
  • light color tempature
  • light quality
  • natural light
  • soft light
  • specular light
  • White balance

Vocab

Objectives

Overview

  • IDENTIFY different sources of light and the quality of light.
  • Relate Kelvin temperature of lighting sources to white balance.
  • IDENTIFY white balance presents and light color temperature.
  • Match the light source to its appropriate color temperature

George Eastman American entrepreneur and founder of Eastman Kodak Company

    "Light makes photography. Embrace light. Admire it. Love it. But above all, know light. Know it for all you're worth, and you will know the key to photography."

    One of the most important elements of photography is LIGHT!Light allows us to capture images that convey a mood and emotions. Understanding light and how to control it, is understanding photography!

    Light is defined as the visible radiant energy responsible for the sense of sight and may refer to sources of illumination such as sunlight or a lamp. Without light, photography would not be possible, as light illuminates the scene and allows the camera to capture images.

    Intro to Light in Photogaphy

    Light is a key factor in creating a successful photograph. It determines the brightness and darkness of an image and sets the tone, mood, and ambiance of the subject.

    Light has an extraordinary power to convey the emotions in your images to resonate with the viewer.The key to mastering photography is to focus on lighting techniques.

    Artificial LightSources
    Natural LightSources
    All light is emitted by a source, most commonly a heat source or a thermal source. There are many types of light sources, but they can all be categorized into one of TWO categories:
    Types of

    Light Sources

    Natural light is ambient light emitted by natural sources instead of a camera flash or another artificial light. Nature offers many natural light sources, including the sun, moon, and stars. Sun is a primary source of light. It emits visible light, infrared light, and ultraviolet light. Natural light changes from a yellow to a blue tone throughout the day and cannot be controlled or manipulated.

      Natural Light

      Sources

      Is considered artificial because it's human-made.
      FIRE

      Light can also be produced artificially, as you can see by looking around you. Artificial light is widely used in homes, commercial buildings, and a variety of other settings. They are available in different shapes, sizes, colors, and brightness levels. Artificial light can be fully controlled by manipulating its color tone, intensity, quality, and direction. Sources include flashes, strobe lights, fire, and permanent lights.

        Artificial Light

        Sources

        • Incandescent light sources
        • Luminescent light sources
        • Gas discharge light sources

          Types of

          Artificial light sources are categorized into one of three broad categories:

            Artificial Light

            Sources

            Incandescent light sources emit light when heated to a high temperature. Visible and infrared light are produced during the process. These incandescent lights range from the common light bulb to large tungsten hot lights used in photography studios and movie sets. Incandescent lights emit a warmer, more yellow color tone compared to natural daylight.

              Examples of incandescent light sources include fire, candles, and incandescent lamps.

              Incandescent Light

              Sources

              Sources

              Luminescent Light

              Luminescent light sources, such as fluorescent tube lights, are used in most buildings and offices. They produce a cool white or bluish light tone. Luminescent lights are NOT commonly used in photography, but shooting in settings where they are used can create challenges. To correct the harsh blue light, photographers adjust settings in their cameras.

                Examples of luminescent light sources include fluorescent lighting tubes and electric light bulbs.

                Luminescent Light

                When electricity passes through certain gasses at very low pressure, it produces a neon light. These are called gas discharge light sources.Examples of gas discharge sources include neon lamps and sodium lamps.

                Sources

                Gas Discharge Light

                Types of Light Quality

                Light has distinct qualities that create different visual moods in a photograph. Lighting quality refers to how the light source, either natural or artificial, is adjusted for a subject.The position and quality of light affect the clarity and sharpness, tone, contrast, emotion, and texture of your photograph, as well as other factors.

                The TWO factors that determine the quality of light are the SIZE of the light source in proportion to the subject & the DISTANCE between the light source & the subject.

                  There are FOUR main types of light quality:

                  • HARD light
                  • SOFT light
                  • SPECULAR light
                  • DIFFUSED light

                  Types of Light

                  Quality

                  The transition between the light and the shadow is harsh and defined due to the bright lighting that the sun provides.This results in a high-contrast look.

                  HARD LIGHT

                  Hard light is created when the light source is SMALLER and FARTHER from the subject.Hard light is a bright light that casts distinct harsh shadows and draws attention to a specific part of a photograph.Hard light adds dimension and depth to your images. It results in a high contrast that creates a strong sense of drama and gives your photos an edgy and gritty look.An example of a natural source of hard light is direct sunlight. Although the sun is small and extremely far away, the light can be very intense. An artificial source of hard light is a camera flash.

                  HARD LIGHT

                  The larger and nearer the light source is to the subject, the softer the light will be. Soft light is flattering, it casts SOFT shadows that are bright yet balanced and not sharply defined. Smaller and finer details do not appear in shadows, so soft light results in low-contrast images. An example of an artificial soft light source is a lamp covered with a lampshade used in a home. A natural source of soft light would be the sunlight that comes in through a window.

                  The transition between the light and the shadows is more gradient and much smoother, resulting in a low-contrast image.

                  SOFT LIGHT

                  Soft Lighting

                  Soft lighting is commonly used for portrait photography, as it smooths skin, hides acne, and brings out the light in a subject's eyes. It is widely used in fashion photography, travel photography, and food photography as well.

                  The light sources emit DISFUSED light that is LARGER and CLOSER. This spreads out the light and softens it.

                  Presentation title

                  23

                  LARGE Soft Light

                  Presentation title

                  23

                  LARGE Soft Lighting Set up

                  Soft Light vs Hard Light & Diffusion

                  SOFT Lighting

                  HARD Lighting

                  • Bright light & strong shadows
                  • High contrasts between light and shadow
                  • Creates a sense of drama and depth
                  • More flattering
                  • Soft, light shadows
                  • Low contrasts
                  • Transitions between light & shadows is more gradual

                  When the light passes through a semi-transparent or translucent material on the way from the source to the subject, it gets diffused. Diffused lighting sources are uniform all over their surface. Diffused light and soft light are different from one another. Soft lighting refers to the soft shadows, while diffused light distributes the light equally along its surface. For example, when the clouds are present in front of the sun on an overcast day, the light gets diffused. A sheer curtain over a window is another example of a light diffuser.

                  Diffused Lighting

                  Clouds diffuse the light

                  49

                  Soft Light vs Hard Light & Diffusion

                  Hard Light

                  DiffusedLight

                  Soft Light

                  Specular light is defined by the existence of strong highlights and shadows in the photograph. Details in the center of the photograph may be incredibly bright, while details toward the edges may taper off into the darkness. For example, the light generated by a traditional flashlight or spotlight illuminates bright areas in the center of an object. Observe the image on the right. The light at the center is stronger, but it becomes smudged at the edges, and the subject stands out from the background

                  Specular Lighting

                  HighIntensity
                  LowIntensity

                  The intensity of light refers to the brightness level of light used. This is what makes your subject stand out. The intensity of light is affected by the size of the light source, the intensity of the light sources, as well as the distance between the light source and your subject. If you increase the distance between your subject and light, the intensity of light will decrease. Whereas, if you bring the light source closer, the intensity of light will increase.

                  intensity of light

                  Each natural or artificial light source has its own individual color, or 'color temperature, on a scale from red to blue.

                  • The HIGHER the Kelvin value ,or color temperature, the bluer or cooler the light color. Cool colors tend to recede visually and look 'smaller' in a composition.
                  • The LOWER the Kelvin value, or color temperature, the warmer the light color.

                  Light color temperature determines the characterization of the spectral properties of a light source. Color temperature is measured in standard Kelvin (K) units and is a physical property of light.

                  light color Tempature

                  The Kelvin Scale

                  As the name suggests, white or neutral color balancing is referred to as white balance in an image. The human eye is excellent at adjusting to different color temperatures. This means objects appear roughly the same color regardless of outdoor sunlight or indoor artificial light. Digital cameras, however, view objects as different colors depending on their lighting. This causes photographs to form a color cast– an overall blue or orange tint that makes the photograph appear unnatural and unpleasing.

                  White Balance

                  White Balance Made Easy

                  White Balance throughout the Day

                  WHITE BALANCE PRESET

                  DSLR cameras correct these color casts by optimizing the color temperature of the scene with the help of preset white balance settings. Auto WB preset (white balance) is a default setting in the camera that automatically corrects the color cast depending on ambient light and the use of flash to compensate for different color temperatures.

                  Custom WB or K preset in advanced DSLRs allow users to set the white balance color temperature manually in this mode by adjusting the Kelvin value.

                  Custom WBor KPreset

                  ShadePreset

                  FlashPreset

                  CloudyPreset

                  FlourescentPreset

                  The cloudy preset setting generally warms the colors more than daylight mode. It is good for capturing portraits.

                  Shade has a cooler tone than direct sunlight.The shade preset will warm things up and give you more neutral looking skin tones in portraits.

                  The flash of a camera has a cooler tone than direct sunlight and using flash WB mode can warm up your photo and prevent skin tones from turning cold in portraits.

                  Fluorescent preset is indicated by a glowing tube and warms up your photos by compensating for the cool blue light of fluorescent light bulbs or tubes.

                  TungstenPreset

                  Tungsten preset cools down the color in photos by adding the opposite color.

                  White Balance Preset

                  Daylight/Direct Sunlight preset is indicated by a sun symbol. It's calibrated to set fairly ‘normal' (neutral colors) white balance settings under midday sun. It can be used as a fixed standard for capturing colors exactly as they are in non-standard lighting conditions.

                  • You can set your camera to default– select the auto WB setting and let the camera's electronic brain evaluate the scene to figure out the best white balance settings to use.
                  • You can look at the color cast and set a preset white balance depending on the lighting conditions (sunny, cloudy, shady, fluorescent, tungsten, or flash).
                  • You can control the white balance of your images manually by setting the Kelvin temperature scale to a neutral one based on the scene.
                  For example, if you are shooting on an overcast day, using a lower Kelvin value will help make your images appear bluer. Therefore, to make your images appear more neutral, you will need to use a Kelvin value of around 7000 to 9000K.

                  You have learned three basic approaches that you can take to white-balance your images:

                    Using White Balance

                    Presets

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                    In Friday's lesson, you will learn about the importance of directional lighting and light reflectors.

                    • Importance of light in photography
                    • How different sources & types of light impact the scene & subject of an image
                    • Different light color temperatures & the Kelvin Scale
                    • How to adjust the white balance by using camera presets & custom settings.

                    In the last lesson you learned:

                    RECAP

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                    Book a time with Mrs. Strite