Atypical variant polymorphism of succinylcholine metabolism can cause patients to take longer to recover after surgery. (4.)
To generate models or algorithms to predict an event or continuous variable, such as degree of sedation, respiratory depression, or response to nociception (2.)
Decreases the rate of metabolism, transport to the brain, and receptor sensitvity of morphine. (4.)
To analyze large amounts of data in order to search for reoccurring patterns or groups among variables (also known as data mining) (2.)
To interpret and utilize highly complex data sets, such as medical images, EEG waveforms, or multiple hemodynamic signals, over time (2.)
Algorthm:99.6%
STS: 68.5%
Closed loop systems
vs STS
Citations:
[1] Gabel, E., Hofer, I. S., Satou, N., Grogan, T., Shemin, R., Mahajan, A., & Cannesson, M. (2017). Creation and Validation of an Automated Algorithm to Determine Postoperative Ventilator Requirements After Cardiac Surgery. Anesthesia and analgesia, 124(5), 1423–1430. https://doi.org/10.1213/ANE.0000000000001997
[2] Wingert, T., Lee, C., & Cannesson, M. (n.d.). Machine Learning, Deep Learning, and Closed Loop Devices-Anesthesia Delivery. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9847584/
[3] Body, S. C. (n.d.). Genomics: Implications for anesthesia, perioperative care and outcomes. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2868263/#:~:text=The%20studies%20are%20undertaken%20by,write%20this%20in%20mid%2D2009.
[4] Galinkin, Jeffrey L. MD, FAAP*; Demmer, Laurie MD†; Yaster, Myron MD‡. Genetics for the Pediatric Anesthesiologist: A Primer on Congenital Malformations, Pharmacogenetics, and Proteomics. Anesthesia & Analgesia 111(5):p 1264-1274, https://journals.lww.com/anesthesia-analgesia/fulltext/2010/11000/Genetics_for_the_Pediatric_Anesthesiologist__A.28.aspx
Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) analyzes a patient's entire genome.It can help identify genetic mutations and polymorphisms that can be linked to certain diseases.
Common genetic polymorphisms of anesthetic drugs that affect the day-to-day practice of the Anesthesiologist:
This will help provide Anesthesiologists with knowledge to aid in anesthetic plans and risks. (4.)
WGS has brought upon a rapid growth of knowledge concerning inherited disease patterns and genetic polymorphisms that affect individual drug response.
Morphine
Codeine
WGS can be used to examine genetic causes of diseases associated with surgery, drugs or other interventions.
Association studies can be conducted and used to identify regions of polymorphism in DNA regions linked with disease. (3.)
The inability of the metabolization and drug absorption of codeine affects up to 36% of patients which causes the effectiveness of Codeine. (4.)
Muscle Relaxant
Multiple Rare Variant hypothesis
In any single individual, a few relatively rare variants with each a relatively large effects, contribute to disease and can me true for many genes of drug metabolism. (3.)
and AI modalities have the potential to have an impact on the practice of Anesthesiology
The variance of proportion of time that was out of the targeted set point in the manual groups compared with the closed loop groups
12.3%
17.4%
Time the depth of anesthesia was maintained in the desired range while using automated systems
A subset of studies were conducted that were isolated to using BIS and total IV anesthesia
The closed loop anesthetic delivery systems were associated with significant lower doses of propofol at induction of anesthesia and significantly shorter recovery time. (2.)
Closed-Loop Systems
With the Application of Bioinformatics
3 Common Goals of Anesthesiology
Results of
STS vs. Algorithm Calculated Data
More comprehensive
Algorithm proved to be:
Less computation time
More accurate
| % Accuracy | |
|---|---|
| Algorithm | 99.6 |
| STS | 68.5 |
A novel algorithm was developed to calculate the mechanical duration of postoperative patients.
This algorithm was studied on 238 UCLA cardiac cases and compared against STS data (Society for Thoracic Surgery: manually collected data). (1.)
Automated Algorithms can be utilized to determine postoperative care after anesthetic surgery
What are Anesthesiologists?
Anesthesia can be Individualized with an Emphasis on the Application of the Patient's Genetic Makeup
The Future of Bioinformatics in Anesthesiology
Human Genetics and Genome Sequencing can Help Improve the Clinical Practice of Anesthesiologists
Closed-loop devices and AI techniques are used to improve patient care with the following goals:
- Keep patients within a physiologic target range.
- Reduce variability within an individual patient.
- Improve outcomes (Mortality rate)
- Reduce variability of care given to one patient versus another. (2.)