ePortfolio

ePortfolio

Sofia Vera

ENGLISH IV

First partial

INDEX

Partial 1

Partial 3

Partial 2

Present perfect and past simple

Present Perfect: It is used to talk about actions that happened at an unspecified time in the past and have relevance to the present, or to describe life experiences. It is formed with "have/has" + past participle of the verb. Example: - I have visited Paris. Past Simple: It is used for actions that happened and finished at a specific time in the past. It is formed with the verb in the past simple. Example: - I visited Paris last year.

present perfect simple & continuous

Present Perfect Continuous: It is used to describe actions that started in the past and continue into the present, or to emphasize the duration of an action. It is formed with "have/has been" + verb in the -ing form. Example: - I have been studying for three hours. Past Continuous: It is used to describe actions that were in progress at a specific moment in the past. It is formed with "was/were" + verb in the -ing form. Example: - I was studying when you called.

Modal verbs

Modal Verbs are auxiliary verbs used to express ability, possibility, necessity, permission, or obligation. Can: Expresses ability or possibility. Example: She can swim. Could: Indicates past ability or a polite request. Example: Could you help me? May: Suggests possibility or gives permission. Example: You may leave early. Might: Indicates a lower probability than "may." Example: It might rain later. Must: Expresses necessity or strong obligation. Example: You must wear a seatbelt. Should: Indicates advice or recommendation. Example: You should study for the exam.

conditionals

Conditionals express conditions and their results, consisting of an "if" clause and a main clause. Zero Conditional: General truths. Example: If you heat ice, it melts. First Conditional: Real future situations. Example: If it rains, we will stay home. Second Conditional: Hypothetical present/future situations. Example: If I won the lottery, I would travel.

ArticlesAre words that define a noun as specific or unspecific. Definite Article (the): Refers to a specific noun. Example: The dog in the park is cute.Indefinite Articles (a/an): Refer to a non-specific noun. Example: I saw a dog.

Quantifiers & Articles

Quantifiers Some: Used in positive sentences and questions. Example: I have some friends. Any: Used in negative sentences and questions. Example: I don’t have any money. Much: Used with uncountable nouns in negative sentences and questions. Example: How much water do you need? Many: Used with countable nouns. Example: There are many books on the shelf. A lot of: Used with both countable and uncountable nouns. Example: I have a lot of homework.

Superlatives express the highest degree among three or more nouns, adding -est or using "most."Example: He is the tallest in the class.

Comparatives compare two nouns, adding -er or using "more."Example: She is taller than her brother.

Comparatives & superlatives

UNIT 4

UNIT 3

• Trought
• On your right
• Next
• Over
• Around
• On the right
• Along
• Across
• Between

• Action
• Animation
• Biopic
• Comedy
• Documentary
• Fantasy
• Historical drama
• Horror
• Musical
• Romantic comedy
• Science fiction
• Thriller
• War film

• Active
• Busy
• Easy-going
• Energetic
• Fun
• Healthy
• Inactive
• Quiet
• Sensible
• Simple
• Sociable
• Stressful
• Unhealthy

• Take part in
• Take up
• Experience
• Perform
• Go
• Apply
• Raise money
• Explore
• Try

Vocabulary

• Global warming
• Air pollution
• Extreme weather
• Plastic waste
• Endengered animals
• Reduce
• Throw away

UNIT 6

UNIT 5

• air conditioning
• detached house
• balconv
• entrance
• block of flats ceiling
• floor patio terraced house
• roof
• central heating staircase
• cottage studio

• Cheating
• Jumping queue
• Stealing
• Drop litter
• Speeding
• Lied

• vegetarian
• sweet
• savoury
• fresh
• spicy
• tasty
• hot
• fried
• healthy
• grilled
• homemade
• bitter
• light

• Fashionable
• Stylish
• Matching
• Old-fashioned
• Dress up
• smart
• Casual
• Tight on
• Loose

Vocabulary

- My friend leads a healthy and active lifestyle, always finding time to exercise and stay energetic.- Vintage clothing has become very fashionable among young people looking for unique and sustainable style choices.- Some people were frustrated when they saw others jumping the queue instead of waiting their turn.- Working in a busy restaurant gave her valuable experience in handling high-pressure situations.

Examples

second partial

Can, could, be able to

Can: Used to express ability or capacity in the present. - Example: *I can swim*. Could: The past form of "can," used to talk about abilities in the past or to make polite requests. - Example: When I was younger, I could run fast. Be able to: Can be used in all tenses (past, present, future) and is more formal. It is also used when "can" is grammatically incorrect (e.g., future, past perfect). - Example (future): *I will be able to visit you next week*.

past perfect, expressing purpose, skills & abilities, and milestones

Used to describe an action that happened before another past action. Expressing Purpose: To express the purpose or reason for something, we use to + infinitive, or phrases like in order to or so that. Example: She studied hard to pass the exam. Skills & Abilities: Refers to what a person can do. Expressed with modal verbs like can or be able to to indicate a person’s abilities. Example: She can speak three languages. Milestones: Refers to important events or achievements in a person’s life or career. Example: Graduating from university was a major milestone in his life.

Must: Used for strong obligation or necessity, often personal or urgent.Example: You must finish your homework Have to: Expresses obligation due to external factors or rules.Example: I have to go to work Should: Indicates a weaker obligation, recommendation, or advice.Example: You should visit the doctor Ought to: Similar to "should," used for moral obligations or recommendations.Example: You ought to apologize

Quantifiers & Articles

• bay
• cave
• cliff
• mountain
• peak
• coast
• rainforest
• desert
• river
• forest
• shore
• hill
• valley
• island
• lake
• waterfall

UNIT 8

UNIT 7

• get married/ engaged /divorced
• have children
• move house
• graduate from university/college
• find/lose/get your first job
• pass a driving test/an exam
• win an award
• go travelling/abroad
• start a business
• leave school/home
• fall in love

• thankfully
• sadly
• amazingly
• obviously
• fortunately
• strangely
• happily
• surprisingly
• hopefully
• tragically
• luckily

• clear up
• take out
• call back
• shut down
• join all
• put away
• throw away
• put back
• give out
• dealing with
• hand in

• work on
• gain
• improve
• develop
• prepare
• edit
• design
• learn take

Vocabulary

UNIT 9

• save up for
• in cash
• by credit car
• keep for receipt
• look for bargains
• special offers
• good deal
• the sales
• goes on sale
• goods
• delivered
• get a refund
• cancel an order

• abstract
• awful
• cheerful
• colourful
• creative
• fascinating
• old-fashioned
• original
• powerful
• realistic
• silly
• spectacular
• traditional
• ugly
• weird

• wonderful
• terrible
• tiny
• disgusting
• excellent
• huge
• thrilled
• terrified
• gergous
• exhausted

Vocabulary

- I left a message with the receptionist and asked if the manager could call me back later.- The package was delivered to her doorstep earlier than expected.- They hiked all day to reach the top of the mountain and enjoy the breathtaking view.- She decided to start a business to turn her passion for baking into a career.

Examples

https://drive.google.com/file/d/17RyV9cYKsXNg9ruttzCeQbUolub7JER7/view?usp=share_link

My reflection

• In this class, I learned about various grammar structures, including the present perfect, past simple, and conditionals, which helped improve my understanding of English. I particularly enjoyed creating the podcast about my favorite town, as it allowed me to share my experiences creatively. The grammar exercises were very helpful, especially the practice with present perfect and past simple. I'm proud of how much my speaking skills have improved, but I need to work on my writing, specifically in organizing my thoughts and using a wider vocabulary. To improve that, I plan to write short essays and seek feedback from my teacher. In the next partial, I would like to see more interactive activities, like group discussions, while I hope we can avoid too many tests. Additionally, I wish we could incorporate more multimedia resources, like videos and online quizzes, to make learning more. I feel this class has been very beneficial, and I’m excited to continue improving my language skills.

Final partial

Reported statements

Instead of using a direct quote, we paraphrase or adjust the statement, usually changing verb tenses, pronouns, and expressions of time or place to match the context of the reporting moment. For example: Direct speech: She said, "I am tired." Reported speech: She said that she was tired.

Verb patterns

Certain verbs are followed by either "to" + infinitive or the "-ing" form. Consider: They are considering moving to another city. Decide: They decided to go on a trip.

When we report questions, we change the order of the words and omit the question mark. Direct questions become affirmative sentences.

Reported questions

UNIT 10

• revising test
• doing well
• fail
• pass exams
• secondary school
• passing exams
• got low grades
• primary school
• boarding school
• pay
• fees
• atend
• state school

• arrange interviews/meetings
• interview people
• serve customers
• do research employ people
• manage (projects/people/a shop)
• set up meetings write reports give presentations
• offer someone a job work in a team

• encourage people to join
• refuse to allow
• warned me not to ride
• promise to provide
• persuading more employers to offer
• recommended providing
• advise the mayor to install
• suggest reducing
• consider raising
• start thinking
• avoid using

Vocabulary

- I spent the whole evening revising for the test to make sure I was fully prepared.- The staff were trained to serve customers with a smile and provide excellent service.- Once the project deadline was announced, I had to start thinking about ways to manage my time more efficiently- She attended a prestigious boarding school in England, where she developed a love for classical music.

Examples

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1lYQdS709KFtxuPmMnth6VtFnSGim3Bwl/view?usp=share_link

Final refelction

• If I were the teacher, I would highlight my effort and willingness to participate in various activities, noticing steady progress in grammar and vocabulary, while suggesting I work more on fluency and pronunciation. I would want people to notice my improvement in sentence structure and my wider vocabulary, showing that I’ve worked hard on grammar and expression. If I could go back to the beginning of the semester, I would advise myself to engage more in speaking exercises and set aside time for regular practice to feel more confident. The variety of activities, like writing campaigns and talking about favorite places, was very helpful in applying what I learned. I am proud of how much my vocabulary has grown and my ability to use different grammar structures correctly. For future language courses, I would focus on more speaking and listening practice outside of class to build confidence and fluency. I would also like more help with pronunciation and speaking fluently, as these are areas where I still feel a bit unsure. Overall, this semester has been very rewarding, and I am excited to keep improving.