The Victorian Age

THE viCTORIAN age

lAURA FAINA 5C

Queen Victoria

• She was William IV's successor on throne and was only 18 years old.
• Her reign is the longest of England, after Elizabeth II's reign.
• She gave her name to an age of economic and scientific progress and social reforms.
• She married her cousin Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha.

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Industrial and technological advance

In this period were created locomotives and the first permanent rail passenger service was opened in 1829. There was also the built of the first underground railway and the invention of telegraph and of the penny postal system.

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1870

Education Act

Reform Act

1832

Factory Act

1833

Social reforms

The Victorian Age was an age of optimism, peace and prosperity. The growth of middle-class changed its status, instead the poverty increased and the poorer working classes paid the price of this growth.

The Tories evolved into the Conservative Party

the new political parties

The Whigs evolved into the Liberal Party

Disraeli

Benjamin

Gladstone

William

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An era of wars...

The Anglo-Boer Wars

The Crimean War

The Opium Wars

The role of women

Millicient

Victorian women were seen as the "angels in the houses". During this age the first battles for women's right were fought. The National Union of Women's Suffrage was founded by Millicient Garret Fawcett in 1897, with the aim od demanding the right to vote for women

They were the heart of the middle-class world and the future of the nation. Despite that they were forced to work and lived in terrible conditions.

Children in Victorian times

• During the Victorian Age for the first time there was a close contact between writers and readers.
• People borrowed books from circulating libraries to instalments.
• Novels were read above all from women.
• For them it was not easy to publish and some women used a male pseudonym.

The Victorian novel

Oliver Twist

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• He was the best representative of Early-Victorian Novel.
• Dickens was forced to work in a "blacking" factory, making shoe polish.
• He began his career as a journalist and then he became the parliamentary reporter.
• One of his first work is "Sketches by Boz".
• He died in 1870 and was buried in Westminster Abbey.

Charles Dickens

Charles Dickens

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But life in these places was terrible caused by the bad nutrition and the hard work.

They were created with the idea to give food, beds and assistence to the poorest, in exchange of hours of work.

Workhouses

In 1832 it had given the right to vote to all male members of middle-class. In 1867 the vote was extended to workers in towns. In 1884 also agricoltural workers had the right to vote.

Reform Act

Mid-Victorian novel

Late-Victorian novel

Early-Victorian novel

He represented working class in general.

Dickens talked about the exploitation of children and the cruelty of society.

1. Bleak House
2. Hard Times
3. Great Exprectations

1. The Pickwick Papers
2. Oliver Twist
3. David Copperfield
4. Little Dorrit

Dickens' works

Russia

Britain and France

The Crimean War

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In this age a group of working-class radicals created a "People's Charter" and they asked the universal right to vote, however they failed. But their "Second Reform Act" introduced the secrete vote.

Chartism

Britain won and China was obliged to cede Honk Hong and Shangai.

China VS Britain

The Opium Wars

• Children who where aged between 9 and 13 could work only 48 hours a week.
• Children who where aged between 13 and 18 could work only 72 hours a week.

Factory Act

"Albert is truly charming and so incredibly handsome: stunning blue eyes, an exquisite nose, and a really nice mouth, with a light mustache and thin, very thin sideburns. He has a perfect body, with broad broad shoulders and a fine waist. My heart is really beating fast. He dances beautifully and moves with great elegance and has a beautiful poise."

In 1870 elementary education became compulsory.

Education Act

In the last decades of the 19th century, it occuped an area of 4 million squares.

Over 400 millions of people were ruled by Britain.

The Victorian Age saw the greatest splendour and extension of the British Empire.

The British Empire

Britain gained supremacy over them.

There were established 2 indipendent republics.

From 1899 to 1902 Britain was at war with the South Africa, who was colonized by the Dutch Boers.

The Anglo-Boer Wars

Common features

• The narrator was omniscient and provided a comment;
• The setting was the industrial city (London);
• The plot was long and often complicated;
• Writers concentrated on the creation of characters;
• At the final chapter there was a retribution or a punishment.

• The cruelty of institutions and of individuals towards poor children;
• Childhood;
• The terrible effects of poverty on a individual's life;
• The crime.

themes:

London is shoens on three different social levels:

• The parochial world of the workhouse;
• The criminal world;
• The world of the middle class.

London life:

Oliver Twist, Fagin, Mr Brownlow, Mrs Maylie, Nancy, Monks, Sikes.

CHARACTERS:

PLOT:

Oliver Twist tells the story of a boy who, after being born in a workouse, finds his way in a world dominated by hypocrisy and exploitation.

Oliver Twist