Stress in Your Body Systems Template

• The male reproductive system is influenced by the nervous system. The parasympathetic part causes relaxation whereas the sympathetic part causes arousal.
• In the male anatomy, the autonomic nervous system ( fight or flight response) produces testosterone and activates the sympathetic nervous system which creates arousal.
• Stress causes the body to release the hormone cortisol, which is produced by the adrenal glands. This is for blood pressure regulation and the normal functioning of several body systems (cardiovascular, circulatory, and male reproduction)

• Chronic stress, ongoing stress over an extended period of time, can affect testosterone production resulting in a decline in sex drive or libido, and can even cause erectile dysfunction or impotence.May also negatively impact sperm production and maturation, causing difficulties in couples who are trying to conceive.

• Researchers have found that men who experienced two or more stressful life events have a lower percentage of sperm motility (ability to swim) and a lower percentage of sperm of normal size and shape, compared with men who did not experience any stressful life events.

• When stress affects the immune system, the body can become vulnerable to infection. In the male anatomy, infections to the testes, prostate gland, and urethra, can affect normal male reproductive functioning.

Male Reproductive System

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• Stress is associated with changes in bacteria that influence mood

• Ability to feel "butterflies" in the stomach
• Early life stress can change development of nervous system and ability to react to stress. This increases risk for diseases in the gut.
• In the esophagus, a rare case of spasms may occur with intense stress. When stressed, changes in diet may result in heartburn or acid reflux. Stress may also increase the occurrence of heartburn.
• In the stomach, stress may make pain, bloating, nausea, and other stomach discomfort to feel more easily. Vomittinh may occur as well. Stress may interfere with healthy diet consumptions. However, stress will not result in stomach ulcers nor acid production increase,
• Bowel: stress can also make pain, bloating, or discomfort felt more easily in the bowels. It can affect how quickly food moves through the body, which can cause either diarrhea or constipation. Stress can induce muscle spasms in the bowel, which can be painful.Stress can affect digestion and what nutrients the intestines absorb. Gas production related to nutrient absorption may increase. Stress can make the intestinal barrier weaker and allow gut bacteria to enter the body. Stress especially affects people with chronic bowel disorders, due to the gut nerves being more sensitive.

Gastrointestinal

• The respiratory system supplies oxygen to cells and removes carbon dioxide waste from the body. Air comes in through the nose and goes through the larynx in the throat, down through the trachea, and into the lungs through the bronchi. The bronchioles then transfer oxygen to red blood cells for circulation.

• Stress and strong emotions can present with symptoms ( shortness of breath and rapid breathing) because the airway between the nose and the lungs constricts. Psychological stressors may cause breathing problems for people with pre-existing respiratory diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases.
• Some studies show that an acute stress-such as the death of a loved one —can actually trigger asthma attacks. In addition, the rapid breathing —or hyperventilation. Stress may also bring on a panic attack in someone prone to panic attacks.
• Working with a psychologist may help

Respiratory System

REspiratory

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Nervous System

• The nervous system has several divisions: the central division (brain and spinal cord) + the peripheral division (autonomic and somatic nervous systems).

• ANS has a direct role in physical response to stress and is divided into the SNS, and PNS. SNS is tied to "fight or flight" response.
• The SNS signals the release of hormones called adrenalin (epinephrine) and cortisol. These hormones, cause the heart to beat faster, respiration rate to increase, blood vessels in the arms and legs to dilate, digestive process to change and glucose levels (sugar energy) in the bloodstream to increase to deal with the emergency.
• The recovery from this state is facilitated by the PNS, which generally has opposing effects to the SNS. But PNS over-activity can also contribute to stress reactions (exaggerated vasodilation and compromised blood circulation).
• Both the SNS and the PNS have powerful interactions with the immune system, which can also modulate stress reactions. The central nervous system is particularly important in triggering stress responses, as it regulates the autonomic nervous system and plays a central role in interpreting contexts as potentially threatening.
• Chronic stress, experiencing stressors over a prolonged period of time, can result in a long-term drain on the body. As the autonomic nervous system continues to trigger physical reactions, it causes a wear-and-tear on the body. It's not so much what chronic stress does to the nervous system, but what continuous activation of the nervous system does to other bodily systems that become