old WHA 14.5

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#1 Example Answer:

French Revolution:Political Ideas stemming from the French Revolution:1. Democratic Ideas: The French Revolution gave birth to the idea of democracy, which means the rule of the people. The revolutionaries believed that the power should lie in the hands of the people, and not in the hands of a few monarchs or aristocrats.2. Nationalism: The French Revolution also gave rise to the idea of nationalism, which emphasizes the importance of a shared national identity and culture. The revolutionaries believed that the people of France shared a common language, history, and culture that should be celebrated and protected.Social Ideas stemming from the French Revolution:1. Equality: The French Revolution promoted the idea of equality, which means that all individuals should be treated the same regardless of their social class or background. The revolutionaries believed that the nobility and clergy had too many privileges and that all citizens should have equal rights and opportunities.2. Liberty: The French Revolution also emphasized the importance of individual liberty, which means that individuals should be free to pursue their own interests without interference from the government or other individuals. The revolutionaries believed that the absolute monarchy and the aristocracy had too much power and that individuals needed to be free to make their own choices.

#2 Example Answer:

Napoleon: Political Ideas stemming from Napoleon:1. Centralized power: Napoleon is known for centralizing power in the French government. He abolished the decentralized feudal system and replaced it with a centralized administrative system, where the state had greater control over the affairs of the country.2. Meritocracy: Napoleon introduced the idea of meritocracy, which means that people should be appointed to positions of power based on their abilities and not their social status or connections. This idea was reflected in Napoleon's promotion of talented individuals to important positions in the government and military.Social Ideas stemming from Napoleon:1. Civil Code: One of Napoleon's most significant social contributions was the introduction of the Napoleonic Code, also known as the French Civil Code. This code standardized laws and legal procedures throughout the country, providing equal rights and protections for all citizens regardless of their social status or background.2. Education: Napoleon introduced several educational reforms, including the establishment of public schools and the creation of a centralized education system. He believed that education was essential for the growth and development of individuals, and that it was the responsibility of the state to provide education to all citizens.

#3 Example Answer:

French Revolution:Congress of Vienna & Metternich:Political Ideas stemming from the Congress of Vienna:1. Balance of Power: One of the primary political ideas that emerged from the Congress of Vienna was the concept of balance of power. The Congress aimed to prevent any one nation from gaining too much power, and instead sought to create a stable and secure system in which nations could coexist peacefully.2. Legitimacy: The Congress of Vienna emphasized the importance of legitimacy in governance. The leaders of the Congress sought to restore the pre-Napoleonic balance of power and restore the legitimate rulers who had been displaced during the French Revolution and the Napoleonic era.Social Ideas stemming from the Congress of Vienna:1. Conservatism: The Congress of Vienna was characterized by conservative political and social ideals. The leaders of the Congress sought to restore traditional social and political structures and values that had been challenged by the French Revolution and the Napoleonic era. 2. Stability: The Congress of Vienna aimed to create a stable and secure environment in which people could live and work. This goal was reflected in the Congress's emphasis on restoring monarchies and established political systems, which were seen as more stable than the revolutionary and republican forms of government that had emerged during the French Revolution and the Napoleonic era.