Leadership

Leadership

Carondalette WilsonDepartment of Psychology, Southeastern University PSYC 2033: Industrial & Organizational Psychology Professor Cladovan October 8, 2024

WhaT is leadership

Leadership is the process by which an individual influences a group of people to achieve a common goal. Some key elements are influence, motivation, and goal achievement.

Five sources of power

Legitimate Power

Reward Power

Coercive Power

Expert Power

Referent Power

Power from a formal position or role.

Power through the ability to provide rewards.

Power from the ability to punish.

Power from expertise or knowledge.

Power from being admired or respected.

sources of power example

Legitimate Power

Reward Power

Coercive Power

Expert Power

Referent Power

CEO of a corporation. Example Leader: Tim Cook who is the CEO of Apple, has legitimate authority due to his position.

Managers controlling bonuses or promotions. Example Leader: Sheryl Sandberg, COO of Facebook, rewards employees for performance.

Military officers Example Leader: General Patton, known for discipline and authority in wartime.

Thought leaders and specialists. Example Leader: Elon Musk, CEO of SpaceX and Tesla, whose expertise drives innovation.

Charismatic leaders. Example Leader: Oprah Winfrey, admired for her influence and personal brand.

Theories Of Leadership

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Focuses on exchanges or transactions between leaders and followers.

Transactional Leadership

Focuses on inspiring followers to transcend their self-interests for the good of the organization.

Transformational Leadership

Leadership is contingent on the situation

Contingency Theories

Focuses on the behaviors of leaders, task-oriented vs. people-oriented.

Behavioral Approach

Focuses on leaders' inherent traits such as intelligence, confidence, charisma.

Trait Approach

Trait theory

Leaders are born with certain traits that make them effective.

Examples of traits: decisivenessassertiveness integrity.

Behavioral theory

Focuses on what leaders “do”, rather than what they are.

Leadership styles: autocratic, democratic, laissez-faire.

Situational Leadership

Leadership style varies depending on the situation and the needs of the team.

Leaders must adapt their style based on follower readiness.

Transformational Leadership

Focuses on creating a vision and inspiring followers to achieve more than they thought possible.

Emphasizes vision, inspiration, and change.

Transactional Leadership

Leaders provide rewards and punishments based on follower performance.

Works well for stable environments but lacks focus on long-term change.

Theory of Leadership That Sticks Out to Me

Transformational Leadership stands out because it focuses on: Inspiring and motivating employees. Encouraging innovation and personal growth. Promoting a sense of purpose and engagement within the organization. Example Leader: Nelson Mandela is a leader who used transformational leadership to inspire change.

Why Transformational Leadership Sticks Out

Inspiration

It fosters creativity and innovation, which is essential in today’s fast changing environment.

Long term vision

Transformational leaders focus on making a lasting impact on both the organization and its people.

Engagement

This leadership style creates stronger emotional bonds between leaders and their followers.

Key takeaway

Leadership is about influencing others to achieve a common goal.

Power in organizations comes from various sources, and leaders use different forms of power to exert influence.

Various leadership theories and approaches help us understand how leaders operate in different contexts.

Transformational leadership stands out for its ability to inspire and create long-term change.

Emotional Intelligence

The ability to recognize, understand, and manage our own emotions and the emotions of others.

Self-awareness

Knowing your strengths, weaknesses, and emotions.

Self Regulation

Ability to control emotions and impulses.

Motivation

Being driven to achieve beyond external rewards.

Empathy

Understanding others' emotions.

Social Skills

Building rapport and managing relationships effectively.

Ethical Leadership

Leadership that is directed by respect for ethical beliefs and values, and for the dignity and rights of others.

Fairness and justice.

Integrity and transparency.

Concern for the well-being of employees.

How Leaders Shape Culture

Organizational Culture: The shared values, beliefs, and norms within an organization.

Modeling behavior: Leaders set the tone for acceptable behavior.

Rewards and recognition: Leaders influence culture through what they reward and punish.

Communication: Leaders promote culture through their communication styles and messages.

Northouse, P. G. (2021). Leadership: Theory and practice (9th ed.). SAGE Publications. French, J. R. P., & Raven, B. (1959). The bases of social power. In Studies in Social Power (pp. 150-167). University of Michigan. Goleman, D. (1995). Emotional intelligence: Why it can matter more than IQ. Bantam Books. Yukl, G. (2013). Leadership in organizations (8th ed.). Pearson Education.

References