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INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION: CAUSES

Technical progress

Changes in the system of land ownership

Progress in hygieny and medicine

Decrease in mortality + same birth rate

Investment of profits from land and commerce in industry

Demographic revolution

Growth of financial means

Agricultural revolution

Great Britain main trade power globally

Colonialism= raw materials + markets

Improvement of roads + rivers and canals

Modernisation of transport

Favourable political environment

Increased agricultural production and more

Cheap workforce + increased demand + emigration

Abundance of good quality coal = energy source

Abundance of iron.

Availability of key materials

Availability of ra w material (colonies) and markets

Constant reinvestment of profits from industry to improve it

More banks and financial formulas

Parliamentary system favourable to liberal economics = good for trading and bourgeois' entrepeneurship

Numerous and active bourgeoisie

Steam engine

Increased agricultural production better nutrition = more population + less peasants more cheap workforce for industries + More income thanks to technical improvements and high produce prices = more money to invest in industry and other areas.

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  • A series of norms that made compulsory to enclose plots of land, either private or comunal = many small owners and poor peasants couln't afford it = they sold their land to aristocrats, bourgeois and rich peasants or couldn't live off comunal land = became wage workers + land concentration + more and cheap workforce for industries in the cities.
  • Simultaneously: a rise in prices = it was profitable to invest in technical improvements = good income guaranteed.

Enclosures Acts (from 1773)

* The Norfolk four-course system *Spread of maize and potatoes *Seed drills *Horse-drawn harvesters *Selective seeding *Selective breeding of livestock *Later, chemical fertilisers