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Hospital Acquired infections and the inpatient environment
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Summary
Hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) are infections that are acquired during a hospital stay and were not present or incubating at the time of admission (Monegro et. al, 2023).
- Hospital-acquired pneumonia infections
- Infections caused by Clostridium difficile (Monegro et. al, 2023)
- Ventilator associated pneumonia
- Surgical site infections
- Central line-associated bloodstream infections
HAIs Include:
- Catheter-associated urinary tract infections
HAIs...
• Cause more deaths worldwide than malaria, tuberculosis and AIDS combined (Peters et al., 2022)• Increase morbidity, prolong hospital stay, and are a major financial burden to healthcare systems (Peters et al., 2022)
• HAIs create $124-$348 million in direct expenditures in North Carolina each year (NCDHHS, 2024)
• HAIs create $28-$33 billion in excess costs in US (NCDHHS, 2024)
• Approximately 722, 000 infections and 75,000 HAI related deaths occur each year in US (NCDHHS, 2024)
IMPACT:
• The CDC estimates that 5% of all hospital admissions result in HAI (North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services [NCDHHS], 2024)
• Environmental contamination has been significantly associated with transmission of pathogens in outbreaks of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Vancomycin resistant enterococci, Clostridium difficile, and Acinetobacter baumannii (Center for Disease Control [CDC], 2024)
• There is an increase of 150-500% in the chance of acquiring a pathogen if the prior room occupant was colonized with it (CDC, 2024).
CAUSES OF HAIS:
can survive up to
can survive up to
5 months
Acinetobacter species
Klebsiella species
Some HAIs can survive on environmental surfaces for months (CDC, 2024)
30 months
•In addition to:
• We need to appropriately store patient supplies to avoid contamination
• Changing gloves in between tasks
• Using the appropriate PPE
• Disinfecting high touch surfaces
• Hand hygiene
• The proper storage of patient supplies is a Joint Commission requirement
PREVENTION:
• Studies have demonstrated that environmental hygiene interventions demonstrated a significant decrease in colonization or HAI for all microorganisms tested (Peters et al., 2022).
In response to a recent audit done in 7W inpatient rooms, you may have noticed new signage to help encourage environmental hygiene.
PREVENTION
+ info
- 38 rooms were found to have inappropriate storage of one or more supplies on the sink
Results of audit:
- 256 7W inpatient rooms were audited
- 160 audits were done on night shift
- 96 audits were done on day shift
14.8%
- 14 rooms were found to have inappropriate storage of one or more supplies on the biohazard bin
Results of audit...
5.5%
Question 1:
Question 2:
Center for Disease Control. (2024, March 19). Healthcare-sssociated infections (HAIs).https://www.cdc.gov/healthcare-associated-infections/hcp/cleaning-global/introduction.html Monegro, A.F., Muppidi, V., & Regunath, H. (2023). Hospital-acquired infections. StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441857/North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services. (2024, January 22). Healthcare-associated infections: Facts and Figures. https://epi.dph.ncdhhs.gov/cd/hai/figures.htmlPeters, A., Schmid, M.N., Parneix, P., Lebowitz, D., de Kraker, M., Sauser, J., Zingg, W., & Pittet, D. (2022). Impact of environmental hygiene interventions on healthcare-associated infections and patient colonization: a systematic review. Antimicrobial Resistance & Infection Control, 11 (38). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13756-022-01075-1
REFERENCES
THANK YOU FOR YOUR TIME AND FOR YOUR EFFORTS IN INFECTION PREVENTION!
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