HPA/HPT axis critical thinking
Corynn McAtee
Created on October 17, 2024
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Transcript
increase decrease
increase decrease
increase decrease
- TSH
- Natural T3/T4
- Thyroid Gland Size
1. If a patient were given artificial T3 and T4 over time, how would this probably affect their:
increase decrease
increase decrease
- cortisol levels
- ACTH levels
2. If a patient’s ACTH receptors on her adrenal glands were mutated and non-functioning, how would this affect their
increase decrease
increase decrease
- Thyroid gland size
- T3/T4 levels
3. If a patient had a pituitary tumor that caused the pituitary to release abnormally high amounts of TSH, how would this affect their
increase decrease
- Cortisol levels
4. If someone is really stressed out, how would this affect his
increase decrease
increase decrease
increase decrease
- Metabolism
- T3/T4 levels
- TSH levels
5. If a patient’s antibodies in their bloodstream were attaching to and overstimulating TSH receptors in the thyroid, what would happen to the patient’s
increase decrease
increase decrease
- TSH levels
- T3/T4 levels
6. If a patient’s T3 and T4 receptors on her pituitary gland were blocked, how would this affect her
Be low Be High
Be low Be High
- T3/T4 levels
- TSH levels
7. If a patient had hypothyroidism, a condition where the thyroid gland is under producing T3 and T4, what results would you expect if you measured his T3 and T4 levels and TSH levels? Assume that the problem is in the thyroid, not the pituitary.
increase decrease
increase decrease
- CRH levels
- ACTH levels
8. If a patient were given artificial cortisol supplements, what effect would this likely have on her
This is because the artificiall T3/T4 would bind to T3/T4 receptors on the anterior pituitary to cause negative feedback. The anterior pituitary would respond by producing less TSH.
TSH would decrease
This is because the artificial T3/T4 would bind to T3/T4 receptors on the anterior pituitary. This would cause negative feedback and reduce TSH production. If TSH is reduced, there will be less stimulation of the thyroid and, thus, less natural T3/T4 production
Natural T3/T4 would decrease
This is because the artificial T3/T4 would bind to T3/T4 receptors on the anterior pituitary. This would cause negative feedback and reduce TSH production. Reduced TSH means that the thyroid will not be stimulated as much which will cause the gland to atrophy (decrease in size)
Thyroid gland size would decrease
If the ACTH receptors on the adrenal glands are mutated and nonfunctioning, they won't be able to bind to ACTH. If ACTH cannot bind, then there will be no signal for the adrenal glands to produce cortisol.
Cortisol levels would decrease
If ACTH is unable to bind to receptors on the adrenal glands, then there is not cortisol production. Without cortisol production, there is no negative feedback. Therefore, the anterior pituitary "thinks" that it needs to produce more ACTH to stimulate cortisol production from the adrenal glands.
ACTH levels would increase
This is because increased TSH will cause increased stimulation of the thyroid. The more stimulated the thyroid, the bigger it will grow
Thyroid gland size would increase
Since the anterior pituitary is producing more TSH, the thyroid (assuming normal function) will respond to that increased TSH by producing more T3/T4
TSH levels would increase
Stress is the stimulus that causes the hypothalamus to produce CRH. This, in turn, stimulates the anterior pituitary to make ACTH. Increased ACTH will then cause the adrenal glands to produce more cortisol as a response.
Cortisol levels will increase
In this scenario, the thyroid is being stimulated by antibodies produced the the patient's own immune system (this is an example of an autoimmune disorder). These antibodies mimic TSH and the thyroid cannot distinguish between the antibodies and real TSH. Therefore, more T3/T4 will be produced which will increase their metabolism.
Metabolism would increase
In this scenario, the thyroid is being stimulated by antibodies produced the the patient's own immune system (this is an example of an autoimmune disorder). These antibodies mimic TSH and the thyroid cannot distinguish between the antibodies and real TSH. Therefore, more T3/T4 will be produced.
T3/T4 levels will increase
In this scenario, the thyroid is being stimulated by antibodies produced the the patient's own immune system (this is an example of an autoimmune disorder). These antibodies mimic TSH and the thyroid cannot distinguish between the antibodies and real TSH. Therefore, more T3/T4 wil lbe produced. T3/T4 will cause negative feedback and bind to receptors on the anterior pituitary to "tell" the anterior pituitary to stop producing TSH.
TSH levels will decrease
If the T3/T4 receptors on the anterior pituitary are blocked, there will be no way for negative feedback to occur. Therefore, the anterior pituitary will never receive the signal to stop producing TSH.
TSH levels would increase
If the T3/T4 receptors on the anterior pituitary are blocked, there will be no way for negative feedback to occur. Therefore, the anterior pituitary will never receive the signal to stop producing TSH. The excess TSH will continue to stimulate the thyroid gland and excessive T3/T4 will be produced
T3/T4 levels will increase
By definition, hypothyroidism means that not enough T3/T4 is being produced (hypo = under/below).
T3/T4 levels would be low
If the thyroid gland is not producing enough T3/T4, there will not be enough thyroid hormones for negative feedback to occur.Since T3/T4 will not bind to the anterior pituitary, the anterior pituitary will continue to produce TSH in an attempt to "tell" the thyroid to make more T3/T4
TSH levels would be high
Artificial cortisol is able to bind to all cortisol receptors. Therefore, it would bind to cortisol receptors on the hypothalamus which would initiate negative feedback and cause a decrease in CRH production
CRH levels would decrease
Artificial cortisol is able to bind to all cortisol receptors. Therefore, it would bind to cortisol receptors on the anterior pituitary which would initiate negative feedback and cause a decrease in ACTH production