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Zero ConditionsAdverbs of Frequency

demography, productive, crises, wages

Learning Objectives

Task

Grammar

Vocabulary

ReportOpinions

Reading

People, People Everywhere!

Level 8 Unit 6 Lesson 1

Where is your family from?

Interview

The capital city of Ireland

becoming twice as many

Very Punny

Dublin

doubling

What opinion is expressed in this passage about water?

Listening

Grammar

When you cool down water to 0 degrees, it freezes.

If you heat up water to 100 degrees, it boils.

People get hungry if they don't eat.

When you cut yourself with a knife, you bleed.

Conditionals

Look at the image

Flip

What happens when?

Back

• What happens when it rains?
• What do plants do when it rains?
• What happens to you if you go outside?
• What happens if it doesn't rain?

When I have free time,

I always take an umbrella.

there is always thunder.

When I miss the bus,

the ground becomes very dry.

1. If it never rains,
2. I am always late for work.
3. When there is lightning,
4. If it rains in the morning,
5. I usually watch TV.

Grammar

go

Grammar

listen

Reading

Do you think the population of the world is increasing or decreasing?

Prereading

Studying demography reveals that the three major sources of change in population data are births, deaths and migration. Human population saw its first major increase in the middle ages. Around the year 1200, Europe reached a population of over 75 million people.

demography

Since the beginning of human civilization, the population and demography of people has been constantly changing. People have never been content to stay in one place and keep their lives the same, and the statistics about the changes in people's habits are fascinating.

Constant Change

When people realized that they could produce tools and offer services to make a living, they began to move to the cities. The demand for products created many new jobs. Communities grew that were centered around crafts and trade. When the people started to live in communites, they surely began to enjoy life more.

productive

There are many reasons for this expansion in population, including longer, more productive growing seasons, greater political stability and advancements in technology, which allowed more land to be farmed for food. Farmers who had extra food could sell or trade their extra food, which meant that everyone no longer needed a farm to survive.

In 1348, there was an outbreak of the plague, called the Black Death, which further reduced the population. Although these events were tragic, many scientists believe that the true cause of the population decrease was overpopulation.

crises

However, the population has not always been increasing. In the 14th century, two important crises caused the number of people to go down. In 1315, the Great Famine killed millions of people who couldn’t find food. Some people tried to migrate to other places to find food, which must have caused a lot of sadness.

Population Change During the Late Middle Ages

This graph shows the drastic drop in population due to the Black Death in Europe.

(Figure adapted by Barbara Aulicino from S. Broadberry, B. Campbell, and B. van Leeuwen 2010, English Medieval Population: Reconciling Time Series and Cross Sectional Evidence, http://bit.ly/1ATjCFy.)

When the plague wiped out many of the people living in the city, there were fewer workers. These workers were able to negotiate for higher wages. The end of the 1400s found a lower population overall, but everyone enjoyed a higher standard of living than they had before.

wages

It is certainly true that if a person went to live in the city, they would face unsanitary, crowded conditions, high rent prices and low wages. Living in the city must have been a horrible experience. The terrible effects of the plague revealed many of the problems in the city, so improvements were made in sanitation and cleanliness in the urban areas.

Famine and health

Famine and death

Workers received higher wages.

Everyone stopped farming.

Cities became more unsanitary

Healthcare workers were no longer needed.

Lack of food

Sickness and health

To find jobs

To get more milk.

To get the plague.

To receive free goods.

illness

migration

death

birth

What was one result of the plague?

What caused the world population to go down in the 14th century?

Why did people begin to move to the cities?

Which is not a major source of population change?

Comprehension

Check

When people realised that they could produce tools and offer services to make a living, they began to move to the cities. The demand for products created many new jobs. Communities grew that were centered around crafts and trade. When the people started to live in communites, they surely began to enjoy life more.

Facts and Opinions

Since the beginning of human civilization, the population and demography of people has been constantly changing. People have never been content to stay in one place and keep their lives the same, and the statistics about the changes in people's habits are fascinating.

It is certainly true that if a person went to live in the city, they would face unsanitary, crowded conditions, high rent prices and low wages. Living in the city must have been a horrible experience. The terrible effects of the plague revealed many of the problems in the city, so improvements were made in sanitation and cleanliness in the urban areas.

Facts and Opinions

However, the population has not always been increasing. In the 14th century, two important crises caused the number of people to go down. In 1315, the Great Famine killed millions of people who couldn’t find food. Some people tried to migrate to other places to find food, which must have caused a lot of sadness.

Opinions

Vocabulary

wages

productive

crises

demography

Matching

Try Again!

Well done!

arise

say

tell

reveal

• arose
• revealed
• told
• said

verify

• revealed
• said
• told
• arose

• told
• revealed
• arose
• said

1. She you not to go there!
2. The problems right after the storm.
3. He that he actually had no money at all.
4. He that he was hungry.

• said
• told
• arose
• revealed

Word Work

Practice

Give Information

Why might someone want to live in a city?

schools

museums

???

food

transportation

Listen to the podcast0:00 - 6:45

Extension

Exit Interview

Why is studying demographics important?

Goodbye!

Thank You!