Genially sans titre
Ines Karoui
Created on October 15, 2024
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Transcript
How insulin is produced and how it reaches target cells?
Endocrine signalling
INTRODUCTION
Pancreas - islet of langerhans
β-cells
2
TABLE OF CONTENTS
I/ INSULIN PRODUCTION
II/ INSULIN RELEASE
IV/ INSULIN'S ROLE IN TARGET CELLS
V/ DISEASES
3
III/ INSULIN TRAVELLING TO BLOOD VESSELS
1/ MYOCYTES 2/ ADIPOCYTES3/ HEPATOCYTES
1/ TYPE I DIABETES 2/ TYPE II DIABETES 3/ HYPERGLYCEMIA CONSEQUENCES
I/ Insulin Production
inside the b-cells of the islests of Langerhans
In Nucleus
In RER
In Golgi apparatus
Preproinsulin
Proinsulin
Insulin
Insulin contained in secretory granules
4
II/Insulin release
from the cell to the bloodstream
Depolarization
Glucose
Exocytosis
Glycolysis
Insulin contained in secretory granules
ATP
ATP sensitvite K+ channel inhibited
Ca2+ channel stimulated
Insulin
Glucose
Ca2+ions
GLUT 2 transporter
5
II/ Insulin release
Merocrine secretion
Vesicles containing insulin
6
Exocytosis
+
-
concentration gradient
III/ Insulin travelling to Blood Vessels
Insulin
SIMPLE DIFFUSION
Capillary
7
IV/ Insulin's role in target cells
MUSCLE tissue - adipose tissue - hepatic tissue
INSULIN
8
Insulin binding to its receptor
IV/ Insulin's role in target cells
9
IV.1/ INSULIN'S ROLE IN MYOCYTES
GLUT 4 Translocation in Muscle cells
10
IV.2/ INSULIN'S ROLE IN ADIPOCYTES
Fat Storage and Energy Release in fat cells
11
IV.3/ INSULIN'S ROLE IN HEPATOCYTES
Glycogenesis & Gluconeogenesis in the Liver
12
V/ DISEASES
1/ Type I Diabetes
13
V/ DISEASES
2/ Type II Diabetes
14
V/ DISEASES
3/ Hyperglycemia consequences
15
Nerve damage
T H A N K Y O U !
Ines Karoui - Sara Roudani - Jebryl Zaghdoudi - Mohamad Al Hindi
REFERENCES
Insulin's production - Fu Z, Gilbert ER, Liu D. Regulation of insulin synthesis and secretion and pancreatic Beta-cell dysfunction in diabetes. Curr Diabetes Rev. 2013 Jan 1;9(1):25-53. PMID: 22974359; PMCID: PMC3934755.Insulin's release - Fu Z, Gilbert ER, Liu D. Regulation of insulin synthesis and secretion and pancreatic Beta-cell dysfunction in diabetes. Curr Diabetes Rev. 2013 Jan 1;9(1):25-53. PMID: 22974359; PMCID: PMC3934755. Pivovarova O, Höhn A, Grune T, Pfeiffer AF, Rudovich N. Insulin-degrading enzyme:new therapeutic target for diabetes and Alzheimer's disease? Ann Med. 2016 Dec;48(8):614-624. doi: 10.1080/07853890.2016.1197416. Epub 2016 Jun 19. PMID: 27320287. Insulin's role in target cells - Röder PV, Wu B, Liu Y, Han W. Pancreatic regulation of glucose homeostasis. Exp Mol Med. 2016 Mar 11;48(3):e219. doi: 10.1038/emm.2016.6. PMID: 26964835; PMCID: PMC4892884. Saltiel AR, Kahn CR. Insulin signalling and the regulation of glucose and lipidmetabolism. Nature. 2001 Dec 13;414(6865):799-806. doi: 10.1038/414799a. PMID: 11742412.Diseases - De Felice FG. Alzheimer's disease and insulin resistance: translating basic science into clinical applications. J Clin Invest. 2013 Feb;123(2):531-9. doi: 10.1172/JCI64595. Epub 2013 Feb 1. PMID: 23485579; PMCID: PMC3561831. Gregor MF, Hotamisligil GS. Inflammatory mechanisms in obesity. Annu Rev Immunol. 2011;29:415-45. doi:10.1146/annurev-immunol-031210-101322. PMID: 21219177. Saltiel AR, Olefsky JM. Inflammatory mechanisms linking obesity and metabolic disease. J Clin Invest. 2017Jan 3;127(1):1-4. doi: 10.1172/JCI92035. Epub 2017 Jan 3. PMID: 28045402; PMCID: PMC5199709. Guo S. Insulin signaling, resistance, and the metabolic syndrome: insights from mouse models into diseasemechanisms. J Endocrinol. 2014 Jan 8;220(2):T1-T23. doi: 10.1530/JOE-13-0327. PMID: 24281010; PMCID: PMC4087161.Figures - Biorender, Servier Medical Art