Genially sans titre
Ines Karoui
Created on October 15, 2024
Over 30 million people build interactive content in Genially.
Check out what others have designed:
SLYCE DECK
Personalized
LET’S GO TO LONDON!
Personalized
ENERGY KEY ACHIEVEMENTS
Personalized
HUMAN AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT KEY
Personalized
CULTURAL HERITAGE AND ART KEY ACHIEVEMENTS
Personalized
DOWNFALLL OF ARAB RULE IN AL-ANDALUS
Personalized
ABOUT THE EEA GRANTS AND NORWAY
Personalized
Transcript
How insulin is produced and how it reaches target cells?
Endocrine signalling
INTRODUCTION
Pancreas - islet of langerhans
β-cells
2
TABLE OF CONTENTS
I/ INSULIN PRODUCTION
II/ INSULIN RELEASE
IV/ INSULIN'S ROLE IN TARGET CELLS
V/ DISEASES
3
III/ INSULIN TRAVELLING TO BLOOD VESSELS
1/ MYOCYTES 2/ ADIPOCYTES3/ HEPATOCYTES
1/ TYPE I DIABETES 2/ TYPE II DIABETES 3/ HYPERGLYCEMIA CONSEQUENCES
I/ Insulin Production
inside the b-cells of the islests of Langerhans
In Nucleus
In RER
In Golgi apparatus
Preproinsulin
Proinsulin
Insulin
Insulin contained in secretory granules
4
II/Insulin release
from the cell to the bloodstream
Depolarization
Glucose
Exocytosis
Glycolysis
Insulin contained in secretory granules
ATP
ATP sensitvite K+ channel inhibited
Ca2+ channel stimulated
Insulin
Glucose
Ca2+ions
GLUT 2 transporter
5
II/ Insulin release
Merocrine secretion
Vesicles containing insulin
6
Exocytosis
+
-
concentration gradient
III/ Insulin travelling to Blood Vessels
Insulin
SIMPLE DIFFUSION
Capillary
7
IV/ Insulin's role in target cells
MUSCLE tissue - adipose tissue - hepatic tissue
INSULIN
8
Insulin binding to its receptor
IV/ Insulin's role in target cells
9
IV.1/ INSULIN'S ROLE IN MYOCYTES
GLUT 4 Translocation in Muscle cells
10
IV.2/ INSULIN'S ROLE IN ADIPOCYTES
Fat Storage and Energy Release in fat cells
11
IV.3/ INSULIN'S ROLE IN HEPATOCYTES
Glycogenesis & Gluconeogenesis in the Liver
12
V/ DISEASES
1/ Type I Diabetes
13
V/ DISEASES
2/ Type II Diabetes
14
V/ DISEASES
3/ Hyperglycemia consequences
15
Nerve damage
T H A N K Y O U !
Ines Karoui - Sara Roudani - Jebryl Zaghdoudi - Mohamad Al Hindi
REFERENCES
Insulin's production - Fu Z, Gilbert ER, Liu D. Regulation of insulin synthesis and secretion and pancreatic Beta-cell dysfunction in diabetes. Curr Diabetes Rev. 2013 Jan 1;9(1):25-53. PMID: 22974359; PMCID: PMC3934755.Insulin's release - Fu Z, Gilbert ER, Liu D. Regulation of insulin synthesis and secretion and pancreatic Beta-cell dysfunction in diabetes. Curr Diabetes Rev. 2013 Jan 1;9(1):25-53. PMID: 22974359; PMCID: PMC3934755. Pivovarova O, Höhn A, Grune T, Pfeiffer AF, Rudovich N. Insulin-degrading enzyme:new therapeutic target for diabetes and Alzheimer's disease? Ann Med. 2016 Dec;48(8):614-624. doi: 10.1080/07853890.2016.1197416. Epub 2016 Jun 19. PMID: 27320287. Insulin's role in target cells - Röder PV, Wu B, Liu Y, Han W. Pancreatic regulation of glucose homeostasis. Exp Mol Med. 2016 Mar 11;48(3):e219. doi: 10.1038/emm.2016.6. PMID: 26964835; PMCID: PMC4892884. Saltiel AR, Kahn CR. Insulin signalling and the regulation of glucose and lipidmetabolism. Nature. 2001 Dec 13;414(6865):799-806. doi: 10.1038/414799a. PMID: 11742412.Diseases - De Felice FG. Alzheimer's disease and insulin resistance: translating basic science into clinical applications. J Clin Invest. 2013 Feb;123(2):531-9. doi: 10.1172/JCI64595. Epub 2013 Feb 1. PMID: 23485579; PMCID: PMC3561831. Gregor MF, Hotamisligil GS. Inflammatory mechanisms in obesity. Annu Rev Immunol. 2011;29:415-45. doi:10.1146/annurev-immunol-031210-101322. PMID: 21219177. Saltiel AR, Olefsky JM. Inflammatory mechanisms linking obesity and metabolic disease. J Clin Invest. 2017Jan 3;127(1):1-4. doi: 10.1172/JCI92035. Epub 2017 Jan 3. PMID: 28045402; PMCID: PMC5199709. Guo S. Insulin signaling, resistance, and the metabolic syndrome: insights from mouse models into diseasemechanisms. J Endocrinol. 2014 Jan 8;220(2):T1-T23. doi: 10.1530/JOE-13-0327. PMID: 24281010; PMCID: PMC4087161.Figures - Biorender, Servier Medical Art