How proteins are made

How are proteins made in the cell? Step 1: Transcription

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Select the phosphates in the DNA diagram

Select the deoxyribose sugar in the DNA diagram

Select the nitrogen base that binds with Guanine in the DNA diagram

Select the nitrogen base that binds with Adenine in the DNA diagram

Great, now that you know the basics of DNA replication...back to solving the question: How is protein made in the cell

Here, let's add some Ribosomes to our cell model

DNA cannot leave the nucleus. NOW what???...

DNA

So we know about DNA.... But there is another nucleic acid at work in the cell...

Let me introduce...

RNA

mRNA

Drag the descriptions to correctly describe as mRNA or DNA

DNA

Deoxyribose Sugar

Bases: A,U,G,C

Single stranded

Can't leave nucleus

Can leave nucleus

Double stranded

Bases: A,T,G,C

Ribose Sugar

Check your work!

ribosomes (rRNA)

You did it!

Find the messenger RNA (mRNA) in the nucleus. Drag it to the ribosomes (rRNA).

Nucleus

If messanger RNA (mRNA) CAN leave the nucleus, then we can get a copy of the DNA instructions to the ribosome to make protein!

So...how is mRNA actually made?

STOP AT 2:00

Click here when you complete the mRNA strand

The code word is: Uracil

Cells are the basic unit of life. All living (biotic) factors in an environment are made of cells. Click on the nucleus of the cell to explore its contents.

So, we need to get the DNA instructions to the Ribosome so protein can be made.

RIBOSOME

DNA instructions for making protein

Ribosomes read the DNA instructions to make protein!

Sounds Simple! Go back to the cell model and click the DNA to send it to the Ribosome!...

Protein

This part of the nucleotide is the nitrogen base. There are 3 types: Cytosine, Guanine, Adenine, and Thymine. The bases pair up specifically. Adenine always bonds with Thymine; Cytosine always bonds with Guanine. Where they bond is a hydrogen bond.

DNA, or Deoxyribonucleic Acid, holds the instructions for making all the proteins the cell (and organism) needs to survive. These proteins code for traits, which are physical characteristics of an organism. Click on the bottom of the DNA to explore deeper into what DNA is made up of.

Inside the nucleus, DNA is organized into tightly packed X-shapes, called Chromosomes. They come in pairs; the organism receives one from each parent. Click on the DNA within the chromosome to continue.

This part of the nucleotide is the phosphate group. With the sugar, it makes up the "backbone" of the DNA

This part of the nucleotide is the sugar. In DNA, its a deoxyribose sugar.

DNA, or Deoxyribonucleic Acid, is made up of smaller units called Nucleotides. Click each part of the nucleotide to learn more.