Think Ahead 4-extra to MODULE1-PAST SIMPLE VS PAST PERFECT

The past simple vs past perfect

THINK AHEAD-MODULE 1-B

THE PAST PERFECT-HOW DO WE BUILD IT?

The past perfect corresponds to the Spanish tense you call "PRETÉRITO PLUSCUAMPERFECTO" (example: había dicho, habías hecho etc..) AFFIRMATIVE: Kennedy had just spoken to the Governor of Texas when he was shot by a sniper. SUBJ + HAD + PAST PARTICIPLE NEGATIVE: It's now suspected that Lee Oswald, Kennedy's assassin, HADN'T ACTED on his own. SUBJ+ HADN'T + PAST PARTICIPLE INTERROGATIVE: HAD the FBI CHECKED all the filmings caught on safety camera when they ended the investigation? (WH WORD) + HAD + SUBJ + PAST PART.

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PAST SIMPLE AND PAST PERFECT

1-We often use the PAST SIMPLE and THE PAST PERFECT in the same clause. THE past perfect always describes and action which took place BEFORE the action in the past simple. Check this out! When the police entered the room, the sniper had already escaped from the building. (Which action happened first? 2-To explain the reason why something happened, we use the main verb in the main clause in the past simple and the one in the subordinate reason called in the past perfect. The subordinate clause is usually introduced by linkers such as "since-as/because/because of the fact that/due to the fact that.." Lee Oswald wasn't taken to trial due to the fact that a mysterious man HAD KILLED a few days before.

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1. BEFORE (antes de que ) The sniper had escaped before the police got there.

6. ALREADY (ya-en frases afirmativas entre had y el participio pasado) I had already watched the documentary about Kennedy, but I watched it again.

2. AFTER (después de que) They murdered Lee Oswald after he had been interviewed.

7. YET (significa todavía en negativas y ya en interrogativas). -When they put him on the ambulance, he hadn't died yet. -When the police officer entered the sniper's hideout, had he run away yet?

3. AS SOON AS (en cuanto) They broke the news as soon as the president had died.

Common expressions we use with past simple and past perfect in the same clause

4. BY THE TIME (para cuando) By the time the ambulance reached the hospital, the president had died.

5. UNTIL (hasta que) She had never learnt about Kennedy's assassionation until she watched the documentary.

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