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INTERACTIVE EVENT GUIDE
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Created on October 11, 2024
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Transcript
The Bus Boycott
The assasination of MLK
Greensboro
Come along on this journey to discover the Civil Rights history...
By:Gabriela Nunez
Civil rights museum
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Overview
Due to the results of Plessy Vs. Ferguson,segregation was allowed to be legal as long as they remained "seperate but equal." These laws were the Jim Crow Laws. However,not everyone stood for that. On December 1,1955,Rosa Parks was arrested for not giving up her seat to a white man on the bus. The results were close to 50,000 people boycotting the buses for 382 days until they made a change. Eventually,the bus companies were running out of revenue,and eventually segregation on buses was declared unconstituional.
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On April 4,1968,civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr was shot dead in Memphis,Tennesse at the Loraine Motel while standing on the motel. balcony of Room 306. He was only 39 when he passed,but his passing left a huge mark on the community. He was the voice of the Civil Rights Movement,and that voice of his was silenced. No one could pick up that voice he lost,so the message was kind of lost. We have a federal holiday every 3rd Monday of January in his honor.
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In the year of 1960,lunch counters were segregated in Greensboro,North Carolina and were whites only. Four students in college decided to go and peacefully protest at a whites only counter in a Woolworth's store. These students were refused service and sometimes attacked in an attempt to get them to leave,but they didn't respond violently. They instead sat until closing and announced they would be back the next day. Day by day,more people came in and joined the students in their peaceful protest. Eventually,African Americans were given Peace & Profits and the same treatment as White Americans. Soon,other sit ins for various different things began across the country.
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Rosa Parks Bus
But what would happen if she never took the bus or refused to give up her seat?
Because of Jim Crow Laws at the time,African Americans were required to sit in the back and not in the front with White Americans. Along with that,they were required to give up their bus seat for any White American that needed to sit. Taking the bus was a major way of transport for most at the time,so it was very profitable. The boycott caused the companies to lose lots of money,and eventually change the rules on seating.
This is a good idea of what buses at the time looked like and how the bus Rosa Parks was on might have looked like.
The Montgomery Improvement Association (MIA)
The organization who arranged the boycott.
The MIA was lead by Martin Luther King Jr. and helped organize the bus boycott. However,they were not welcomed with open arms by the public who disapproved of these boycotts. Martin Luther King Jr and his friend,Ralph Abernathy were arrested and had their houses bombed throughout the boycott by those who disapproved of the boycott.
The MIA was a major help in organizing the Montgomery bus boycott,but just what would the public think of them? What do you think it would be like to be a member of the MIA?
Would you like to visit the museum?
The Lorraine Motel was the place of Martin Luther King Jr.'s assasination. He was standing on his balcony when this took place. After his death,the motel turned to into a Civil Rights Museum. You can go to the motel in Memphis and see the room that MLK was standing in before his assassination and death.
The Lorraine Motel
MLK was assinated on the balcony of Room 306 in the Lorraine Motel. This image depicts the people alongside him pointing in the direction they heard the shots come from.
The Original 4 of Greensboro were Ezell Blair Jr,David Richmond,Franklin McCain and Joseph McNeil. During their sit-ins,they came up with some behavioral do's and don'ts to maintain a good impression. The list included "Present yourself as friendly,sit straight and face the counter. Do not strike,curse,or fight back if attacked,do not laugh,do not hold conversation,and do not block any entrances." Some protestors didn't leave until they got arrested or dragged out.
Pictured above are the 4 original students that started the first sit-ins. How do you think they might have felt doing this the first time?
The Original 4
How do you think people might have felt hearing the news?
This video above is how Martin Luther King Jr.'s death was shown on the news in color. As you can see,it looks very different from how our news looks like today. Of course,this was a significant event too,so it had a huge effect on the Civil Rights community and others around him.
MLK's Death News Report
Why do you think it might have been important to respond without violence to the students?
This is the Woolworth's store in Greensboro. An exact address is 132 South Elm Street in Greensboro. Due to segregation,only white Americans were allowed to sit at lunch counters. When the students arrived,they were refused service,and even an African American Waitress told them "Fellows like you make our race look bad," and refused them service. Some went as far as attacking and trying to use force to get them out. However,they refused to leave and responded nonviolently.
This is the woolworth's in Greensboro. As you can see,it is being protested by these people with the signs.
Woolworth's store
What his final moments looked like...
Room 306 was the room MLK was staying in before the time of his assassination. In the Lorraine Motel,you can come and view it along with his last moments before his death. Room 306 was located on the second story and had a balcony that came with it. That balcony was soon the place where MLK was shot and later rushed to the hospital.
Here,you can come visit his last hours and view them in the museum.
Room 306
On December 1,1965,Rosa Parks was arrested. The arrest was going to have a huge impact.
On December 1,1965,Rosa Parks was taking the bus home from work. Soon,the bus filled up,and she was ordered to give up her seat so a white man could sit down. Instead of complying,she refused,ultimately leading to her arrest. It wasn't that she gave up her seat because she was tired physically,but she was tired of giving into the constant racism and segregation she was facing. She wanted equal treatment.
The Mugshot of Rosa Parks
"People always say I didn't give up my seat because I was tired,but that isn't true. I was not tired physically,or no more tired than I usually was at the end of a working day. No,the only tired I was,was tired of giving in."
Discrimination was still a problem,but most followed MLK's order for peaceful and nonviolent protests. Lots of public spaces including the lunch counters were protested this way. At the time,African American's could buy from Woolworth's,but they weren't allowed to sit at lunch counters along with the White Americans as the lunch counters were Whites only. Peaceful protests were really efficient as city's preferred peace since it was better for profit and attracting outside investment.