Liberalism group 2

FROM THE OLD REGIME TO THE AFFIRMATION OF LIBERALISM

Rebeca Vaz, Maria Luisa, Liza and Lia

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index:

01. Introduction

03. the age of enlightment

04. historical events that accelarated critisism

02. The old regime

05. the birth of liberalism

06. portugal and liberalism

07. the legacy of liberalism

Introduction

In the two centuries before the French Revolution, Europe showed both unity and division. Cultural trends like new literary styles and the spread of science spanned the continent. Meanwhile, nationalism and many revolutions rose, with some states reinforcing their identities and borders.

THE OLD REGIME

the people in the time of old regime were devided into:

• The first estate
• The second estate
• The third estate

the old regime's society

the age of Enlightment

The center principles of this movement were: -The celebration and the use of reason; -Skepticism; -Individualism -The questioning of authorities; The questioning of the role of the government; -Liberty and equality.

who defended liberalism? :

John Locke & Adam smith

Important events that accelerated critisism

TIMELINE

The Glorious Revolution (1688)

The French Revolution (1789)

The American Revolution (1775-1783)

Liberalism-

Political liberalism believes:

• the political powers should be separated and not all concentrated in one person (legislature, judiciary, executive);
• Periodic elections.

Economic liberalism believes:

• individuality was really valued in the market Economy, and also private property;
• Government shouldn’t interfere in economic relations;
• Free and competitive market;
• Private ownership and control of productive resources.

portugal and liberalism

THE OBJECTIVES OF THE REVOLUTION:

• Establish a system of government that respected individual rights and limited the power of the state
• Replace absolutist monarchy with a constitutional monarchy
• Establish a written constitution (which would set out the rights and freedoms of the Portuguese people)

LEGACY OF LIBERALISM:

• Individual Rights;
• Rule of Law;
• Democracy;
• Market Economy;
• Social Progress.

video

• what rights do people have and where do they come from?
• Who gets to make decisions for others and on what authority?
• How can we organize society to meet people's needs?

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!

The French Revolution (1789)

- The French population were struggling and revolted against the monarchy and the church; - It gave birth to one of the most important contemporary concepts as liberty, equality and fraternity;- The dramatic events of the French Revolution:

• Reign of Terror to the rise of Napoleon
• The spread revolutionary ideas across the whole Europe.

The Storming of the Bastille

The American Revolution (1775 - 1783)

- The American Revolution was a turning point in the global critique of imperialism and authoritarian rule. - It grew into a fight for liberty, equality, and self-determination. - This event inspired the establishment of the United States, many revolutionaries,and with it advocating for the people's right to choose their leaders.

The Surrender of Lord Cornwallis . The painting captures the moment when major fighting during the American Revolution ended and those colonies achieved independence

The Glorious Revolution (1688)

- Called as "bloodless revolution"; - Restablished a constitutional monarchy; - The Glorious Revolution were the series of events from 1688 to 1689 where happened culmination of the exile of King James II and the acession to the throne; - Marked the beginning of a more democratic political theory.

William III accepting the Declaration of Rights