Historical Presentation

Europe

economic dynamism

XVI, XVII

INdex

Index

5. Seville: The Heart of Spanish Trade with the Americas

6. British Econmy Hegemony

7. Conditions of English Success

1. Europe in two rythms

8. The agricultural Revolution

9. London City Vitalicy

2. The European Seabord

10. Industrial Start-up

11. European Industry Lockdown

12. Control of Asia commerce and production

3. Antwerp: The Financial and Trade Center of Northern Europe

13. North America Industrial Lockdown

4. Lisbon: Portugal’s Gateway to the World

14. Growth Exitations

15. Bibliography

Index

EUrope in two rythms...

Alonso Sanchez Coello || Sevilla ||

Pieter Bruegel

Index

The European seaboard

The European Atlantic Seaboard from the 16th to the 18th century was a region of intense economic, political, and maritime activity. Major cities like Antwerp, Lisbon, and Seville played important roles in global trade, colonization, and the growth of European empires. Here's how these cities contributed to Europe's dominance during that time.

British Economy Hegemony

British economic hegemony was driven by several interconnected factors, including industrialization, global trade networks, naval supremacy, and financial innovation.

Agricultural revolution

selective breeding livestock

wheeled plow

London city vitality

Creation of Banks

The eighteenth century was the beginning of modern day banking in England.

1825

1665

London Resilience

450 000

1 300 000

Robert Hooke

Control of Asia commerce and production

In the 18th century, England, through the Company of Merchants of London Trading to the East Indies, capitalized on the weakening Mughal Empire to dominate production and trade in India. English agents controlled the manufacturing and sale of Indian cotton fabrics, which became a primary export. However, by the last quarter of the century, the trade relationship shifted: India transitioned from an industrial exporter to a market for British goods. England began importing raw cotton from India to manufacture textiles, which were then sold back to India. Additionally, England controlled both inter-regional and local Asian trade, manipulating prices to their advantage.

Industrial start-up

Start - 18th century

The industrial start-up was driven by several factors:

• Natural sources
• Technological inovations
• Labor supply
• Market demand
• Capital investment

Between the late 18th and mid-19th centuries, two key industries advanced significantly:

• Textiles
• Metarlugy

By 1850, England emerged as the most industrialized nation globally

European Industry Lockdown

Economic Growth (1660-1740):

• Naval dominance and expanding trade with Europe, North America, the Antilles, and India.
• London turned into the centre of the economic world

North america industrial lockdown

Around the year 1770, the United States of America, were receiving ¼ of their industry from the British and by the 18th century America, Africa and Great Britain had a triangle of trade but in the second half of the 18th century, the American colonies started trading with the Antilles and the Mediterranean Europe and by the end of the 18th century the Antilles produced better and cheaper boats, and this helped the emancipation of 13 British colonies.

Growth Exitations

The end

In the intervening centuries of 16th and 18th, Europe experienced economically, demographically and industrially expansion during those centuries. Still, it is clear that not all sectors experienced growth.

The 17th century faced a succession of high-level crises, including

• political and military conflicts,
• significant economic difficulties with massive food shortages inflicting large-scale death, and disease-causing.

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Selective Breeding Livestock

Selective breeding in livestock is the practice of mating animals with desirable traits to enhance specific qualities, such as growth, milk production, or disease resistance, in future generations.

Wheeled plow

Earlier plows had merely scratched the surface of the soil. The new plow was equipped with a heavy knife (colter) to dig under the surface, thereby making strip fields possible.

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Lisbon: Portugal’s Gateway to the World

Lisbon, was one of the most important cities during the Age of Exploration. In the 16th century, it was the center of a global empire, benefiting from Portugal’s early dominance in exploration and overseas trade.

Crop Rotation

Crop rotation is the practice of alternating crops in the same field to preserve soil health and prevent pests.

The Heart of Spanish Trade with the Americas

In Spain, Seville was the most important city for Spain’s empire while they had the Americas during the 16th and 17th centuries.

Antwerp: The Financial and Trade Center of Northern Europe

In the early 16th century, Antwerp, was one of the most important cities in Europe. It became a major financial and commercial hub, attracting merchants from all over the world.

Conditions for the British sucess

Great Britain had a great potencial to become the biggest economic potency of the world, but that didn’t appear out of nowhere, they first had to improve 3 things.

• Trading
• Agriculture
• Urban Spaces