Rise of Dictators and Reasons for US Entry into WWII

3.The Failed Artist

Rise of Dictators: WWII

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Click through the list of suspects to learn more about them and what Brought the USA into the war.

#3

#5

#1

5.How'd he get here?

#4

1. Il Duce "The Duke"

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2.The Russian Man of Steel

#2

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4.The Razor

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Benito Mussolini

Benito "Il Duce" Mussolini

Italy

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Fractured Italy

Italian fascism

Rise to Power

Joseph Stalin

The Soviet Union

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Rise to power

Communist Leader

wwii

Adolf Hitler

Germany

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Early Life

dictatorship

Hideki Tojo

Japan

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Militarism

Imperialism

How did the US Get Involved in WWII?

01

The Uncle sam story.

Easy way to remember the Global Causes of World War II !

TREATY OF VERSAILLES ECONOMIC DEPRESSION APPEASEMENT RISE OF DICTATORS

THE EXPANDING AXIS

As the 1930s unfolded, a catastrophic series of events in Asia and Europe sent the world towards disaster. The key events are as follows:

1931/1932 – Japanese Invasion of Manchuria 1934 – Japan begins aggressive military buildup in anticipation of conquering all of east Asia 1935 – Italy attempts to reconquer Ethiopia 1935 – Hitler rebuilds Germany’s armed forces (violation of the Treaty of Versailles) 1936 – Hitler sends soldiers into the Rhineland, a buffer zone between France & Germany 1936 – Spanish Civil War 1937 – Marco Polo Bridge Incident 1937 – Sino-Japanese War 1937 – Axis Powers Align (Germany, Italy, and Japan) 1938 – Anschluss: Hitler’s unopposed union of Austria with Germany 1938 – Munich Pact: agreement between Britain and Germany where Germany was allowed to extend its territory into parts Czechoslovakia 1939 – Germany invades Poland, officially beginning World War II.

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FROM ISOLATIONISM TO INTERVENTION

• Americans responded to the foreign crises by deepening their commitment to isolationism.

• FDR promoted the “good neighbor policy,” the belief that no nation has the right to intervene in the internal/external affairs of another.

• FDR signed a series of “neutrality laws” such as the Neutrality Act of 1935 which would prohibit Americans from selling weapons or travelling on ships owned by nations at war.

FROM ISOLATIONISM TO INTERVENTION

• FDR passed the Neutrality Act of 1937 which required nonmilitary American goods be bought by warring nations on a cash-and-carry basis, a nation could pay cash and carry American-made goods away on their own ships.

• The war in Europe settled into a 3-month stalemate during early 1940, but Hitler’s Blitzkrieg (“lightning war”) strategy proved effective. He sent fast-moving tanks, motorized artillery, and truck-borne infantry, all supported by warplanes and paratroopers, which stunned the Allies.

• Hitler’s strategy allowed the Nazis to quickly take over France, which stunned the world.

• British Prime Minister kept requesting U.S. assistance, but Roosevelt responded by providing all possible “aid to the Allies short of war.”

FROM ISOLATIONISM TO INTERVENTION

• During 1940, FDR began a campaign to convince Americans isolationism was impractical and dangerous.

• On Sept. 16, 1940, FDR pushed the first peacetime military draft in American history. The Selective Training and Service Act required all 16 million men from 21-35 years old to register for a draft board.

• Yet, FDR’s attempt to move America from isolationism to interventionism became most evident with the Lend-Lease Act, a bill that allowed the president to lend or lease military equipment to “any country whose defense the President deems vital to the defense of the United States.”

watch video until 7:30 mark

GERMAN-SOVIET NONAGGRESSION PACT

• Aug. 1939: Hitler and the Soviet Union’s Joseph Stalin sign the German-Soviet Nonaggression Pact.

WHAT'S THE BIG DEAL?

• If Germany invades Poland, Hitler does not have to worry about fighting the Soviet Union to his east.
• Great Britain and France had promised military support to Poland if Germany ever invaded it.
• Hitler and Stalin made a secret agreement to invade Poland from the east and west, and they would split Poland amongst themselves.

OPERATION BARBAROSSA

• The war changed on June 22, 1941, when Hitler tried to invade the Soviet Union, German’s supposed Ally.

• To American isolationists, Germany’s invasion of Russia confirmed America should stay out of the war. FDR, however, insisted on including the Soviet Union in the Lend-Lease Agreement.

• By the summer of 1941, the U.S. was no longer neutral, and Roosevelt and Churchill created a joint statement known as the Atlantic Charter.

• The Atlantic Charter pledged that after the “final destruction of the Nazi tyranny,” the victors would promote core values: self-determination, economic cooperation, freedom of the seas, and the creation of the international security system known as the United Nations.

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THE STORM IN THE PACIFIC

• After Japan constructed Japanese airfields in French-controlled Indochina, the U.S. responded by freezing all Japanese assets in the U.S. and ordered that all oil shipments be stopped.

• On Sept. 27, 1940,the Japanese government signed the “Tripartite Pact” with Germany and Italy, pledging to declare war on any nation that attacked any of them.

• However, without access to American products, the Japanese couldn’t expand further into Asia. They then decided to take control of French Indochina and deny the U.S. access to its raw materials.

• President Roosevelt responded with additional restrictions on oil exports and continued embargos. On November 5, 1941, the Japanese asked America to lift the embargos, but they refused unless Japan removed its troops from China. Japan’s response would change the course of the war.

Signing of the Tripartite Pact

Bombing of Pearl Harbor- Dec. 7, 1941

ARSENAL OF DEMOCRACY

• Going to war required massive industrial capacity at home.

• Nobody expected the U.S. to mobilize for war quickly, but by the end of 1942, the U.S. war production had exceeded the combined output of Germany, Japan, and Italy.

• On December 18, 1941, Congress passed the War Powers Act which gave FDR authority to reorganize government agencies and create new ones.

• One of the most significant new agencies was the War Production Board: a federal agency that turned America’s industrial output into war production.

• In making the U.S. the “great arsenal of democracy,” the FDR administration transformed the nation’s economy into the world’s most efficient military machine.

HISTORICAL OVERVIEW

• When FDR was elected president in 1933, most Americans were committed to isolationism and staying out of international disputes.

• However, as fascists began to come to power in Europe and Asia, FDR became convinced that the only way to avoid war was to offer assistance to its allies-- Great Britain, France, and China.

• Unfortunately, the Japanese bombing of Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, forced the U.S. to intervene in the war, and World War II became the most significant event of the 20th century.

• American government spending led to massive industrial production which boosted the economy out of the Great Depression.

• Ultimately, World War II and its global scope and scale ended America’s tradition of isolationism, and the U.S. emerged as the dominant world power.

THE ALLIES OF WORLD WAR II

Allied Powers

Axis Powers

• United States

• France

• Britain

• Soviet Union

• Germany

• Italy

• Japan

Early Life- • Born in Austria in 1889 • Became an artist after dropping out of school • Fought for Germany in WWI and became a German Nationalist • Began a speaking career and gained widespread popularity The Rise of the Nazi Party- • Joined the National Socialist German Workers Party in 1921 • He gave emotional speeches about the injustices of the Treaty of Versailles • Led an uprising in Munich and was jailed where he wrote Mein Kamph outlining his plans to fix Germany and blaming the Jewish population for Germany’s economic problems. • He denounced the Soviet Union and considered them an obstacle to German expansion

The WAR

• In 1939 Stalin signed a Non-Aggression pact with Hitler • He annexed parts of Poland and Romania as well as the Baltic states of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. • He also invaded Finland. • Hitler broke the Non-Aggression Pact and the Soviet Union was forced to switch sides and join the allies to fight against Hitler.

Mussolini and Fascism

• Mussolini was a socialist turned nationalist • Used to glory of Ancient Rome to unite Italians • He despised socialism, communism and democracy favoring a form of capitalism that was regulated by the government • Italians craved a strong leader that could establish order after WWI

Rise to Power

• In 1922 Mussolini led a “March on Rome” to defend it from a Communist Revolution • The King refused to fight against to Fascists and he appointed Mussolini prime minister. • Mussolini had become the leader of a puppet government and he had the right to make laws on his own. • Fascists controlled elections and outlawed opposition. • Mussolini controlled the newspapers and practiced censorship mandating positive articles about him.

• Instituted the corporative system where employers and employees joined a government sponsored corporation and that controlled wages and prices in the industry. • He modernized agriculture and industry • Mussolini focused on improving transportation and education. • He took the desired territory of Ethiopia.

Dicatatorship and Policies

Hitler the Dictator- • Hitler appealed to the lower class promising them work • Under his leadership party membership grew. • Von Hindenburg asked the popular Hitler to be his Chancellor • Hitler called for an election. He won and became Fuher (leader) • He proclaimed the establishment of the Third Reich of the German Empire • He took control of all aspect of government, eliminating all political competition • Hitler had established a fascist state •

Hitler’s Policies • Hitler promised economic recovery and territorial expansion • Renewed national pride and promoted the idea of the Aryan Master Race • He ignored the Treaty of Versailles and built up the German Military • He increased taxes and controlled wages and prices to pay for his programs.

Anti-Semitic Agenda- • Jews were expelled from government jobs • Jews were not allowed to be teachers • Jews couldn’t practice law or medicine • The Nuremberg Laws of 1935 denied German Jews of their citizenship • Jews had to register with the government and had to wear a Star of David

• Militarism in Japan

• A dictatorship had emerged in Japan prior to WWII • Japan’s markets were adversely affected after WWI and the economy was hurt by the Great Depression • Hideki Tojo attended the Imperial Military Academy • He was sent to Berlin after WWI to represent Japan • In 1940, Tojo was made minister of war • A weak government allowed the rise a military government led by Hideki Tojo • In an attempt to expand control in Asia, Tojo built up the Military. • The military controlled the government and imposed censorship, arrested government critics and dismissed liberal professors from their universities. • A secret police hunted down enemies of the state. • The press and schools preached obedience to the emperor • Nationalist groups glorified war and the Japanese Empire.

Rise to Power

• When Vladimir Lenin was exiled to Switzerland, Stalin was appointed by Lenin to serve on the first Central Committee of the Bolshevik Party • Stalin moved up the ranks once the Bolsheviks seized power in Russia in 1922 creating the Soviet Union when Stalin became general of the Central Committee of the Communist Party. • When Lenin died in 1924, Stalin won a power struggle to take control of the Communist Party.

Looking at this cartoon, does appeasment seem possible?

Communist Dictator

• In 1920 he launched a series of five-year plans intended to transform the SU into an industrial superpower. • His plan was developed around the government control of the economy focused on collectivization of agriculture • He expanded the powers of the secret police and encouraged citizens to spy on one other. • He instituted the Gulag system of forced labor camps for those who opposed him. • The forced collectivization let to widespread famine across the Soviet Union that killed millions • When farmers refused to participate in the collectives, they were shot and killed. • Stalin instituted the Great Purge, a series of campaigns designed to rid the Communist Party and the Military of perceived threats killing millions. • Stalin created a “Cult of Personality” around himself creating a mythology around Stalin as a hero. • He became the subject of flattering artwork, literature and music making his name apart of the National Anthem and naming cities after himself. • His government controlled the Soviet Media

Fractured Italy

• Italian government had failed to live up to promises from WWI • Didn’t have any social change or land gained • Lower class Italians joined nationalist groups and opposed the government • Mussolini used the outrage to gain power

Japanese Imperialism

• in 1931, Japan attacked Manchuria, China for its resources • Japan used the argument that the tiny island of Japan couldn’t support all of its people and they needed to expand • Tojo wanted to create a "New Order in Asia” • They sought to align with other fascist powers. • Japan signed a military agreement with Italy and Germany • This established the Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis