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Subject-centred

Learner-centred

Integrated curricula

Spiral curricula

Problem-centred

Models of curriculum

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This approach to curriculum design focusses on core subject matter only and is primarily content-driven.

  • The direction of study is set and decided by educator.
  • Focuses on knowledge development (acquisition, educator to learner, explanation and direct strategies) as well as skills suited to that particular topic.
  • Progress is usually measured by how much subject matter has been learnt.

Subject-centred curricula

This approach can be effective for creating a 'syllabus' or a schema of work; a sequence of topics for a course.However, this approach alone cannot give us a full curriculum design, since it fails to acknowledge the teaching and learning strategy and the diverse needs of learners.

Learner-centric approaches to curriculum development rely heavily on curriculum integration and clearly defined learning outcomes.

  • The direction of study can be altered to facilitate the learners needs and interest (flexibility).
  • The educator’s role is to facilitate growth and development of skills.
  • Active learner roles are encouraged to help shape their education.

Learner-centred curricula

This can be an aspirational approach that empowers learners to have autonomy and develop independent learning skills.However, in reality we are constricted by the requirements of the course that mean we cannot always allow learners to have full control. Learner-centric planning helps us to ask, 'What are learners doing?'... and not 'what are we teaching?'

  • Integrated curricula focus on the core knowledge, skills and aspirations that students should achieve through the programme.
  • The focus is on making significant connections between a variety of subjects & skills and focuses on developing the learner throughout all of their studies.
  • These elements can include generalised skills as well as job specific skills (i.e. writing, critical thinking etc.)
  • Combine theory and practice together.

Integrated curricula

An integrated approach to curriculum design can help us to embed and combine strategic objectives such as enhancing employability, digital skills, and even learner-wellbeing.Effective, cross-boundary collaboration can be a powerful approach to developing integrated curricula, drawing on the strengths and expertise from a range of contributors.

The Spiral curriculum exposes learners to a wide variety of ideas multiple times throughout their programme. Each time developing the skills and knowledge further. Based on three key principles:

  • Cyclical: Learners must return to the same topic many times in a cycle of learning
  • Increasing Depth: Each return to knowledge needs to enhance the understanding at a deeper level.
  • Prior Knowledge: Learners need to utilise previous knowledge to reach the increased depth.

Spiral curricula

You may be able to identify spiral curricula across a programme, particularly where topics are introduced at a foundational level in early years and expanded in later years.Spiral curricula within a module can be used but may risk confusing learners with regard to the requirements of the assessment.

Problem – centred curricula are learner-centred and focussed on the application of knowledge by utilising complex problem solving.

  • Learners are active participants.
  • Designed to apply knowledge and skills to solve real-world problems in new contexts (authentic).
  • Can enable cross-curricula, inquiry-based learning.
  • Direction of study facilitated by learners and educators in partnership.

Problem-centred curricula

This approach to curriculum design can be effective when used longitudinally (over an extended period of time) and enhanced by effective group work and collaboration activities.As a result, close attention should be paid to maintaining consistency across a cohort and enabling fair and valid assessment.