Australia groupwork group 3

Australia

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Presentation by: Inês Lopes nº4; Inês Domingues nº5; Lara Alvarez nº6; Sofia Meira nº15

Introduction1. Culture: 1.1 General Culture 1.2 Languages 1.3 Curiosities/ Questions2. History 2.1 Federation 2.2 Colonization

Summary

3. Arborigines 3.1 Origins 3.2 Culture 3.3 Curiosities/ QuestionsConclusionWebography

INTRODUCTION

Australia, a vast country with 7.7 million square kilometers, is known for its unique landscapes and wildlife. Home to 25 million people, it blends Indigenous, British, and immigrant influences. Indigenous cultures date back over 65,000 years, while British colonization shaped modern Australia. Today, it is a stable democracy and economic leader, celebrated for its cultural diversity.

1. Culture

Australia has a rich cultural heritage, with Aboriginal culture dating back over 65,000 years. A top tourist destination, it offers outdoor adventures, unique wildlife, and vibrant cities. With a strong, diversified economy, Australia is highly developed, known for its quality of life and excellent education.

1.1 general culture

Australia is known for its natural beauty, such as the Outback, beaches, and the Great Barrier Reef, as well as its rich indigenous heritage and multiculturalism. Australians play sports such as cricket, rugby and surfing, and have a relaxed culture. Cities like Sydney and Melbourne feature iconic landmarks, and the country's art and cuisine reflect a mix of indigenous traditions with modern influences.

1.2 Languages

Australia is a linguistically and culturally diverse country, and even though Australia does not have an official language, English is considered the national language of Australia and is spoken by almost everyone (80% of the population).

Others languages spoken in Australia are:

1.3 Curiosities

• Australia is one of the smallest contienents but one of the largest countrys on earth.

• Pavlova is one of its tradicional desserts.
• Some tradicional foods are Vegemite, Fairy Bread and Tim Tams.

2. History

Australia’s history is defined by ancient Indigenous cultures with deep ties to the land. European arrival in the 17th century and British colonization in 1788 disrupted Indigenous communities. Eventually, Australia grew into a self-governing, multicultural nation influenced by both Indigenous and colonial heritage.

2.1 FEDERATION

Australia became a nation on January 1, 1901, when six British colonies united to form the Commonwealth. This federation allowed for centralized control over defense, trade, and immigration, while states retained authority over education and healthcare. The Constitution balanced national unity with state powers, shaping Australia's national identity

2.2 COLONIZATION

British colonization of Australia began in 1788 as a penal colony led by Captain Arthur Phillip, due to overcrowded British prisons and imperial expansion. Colonizers faced climate challenges and conflicts with Indigenous populations, leading to land loss and violence. By the 19th century, new colonies and economic growth emerged, and Australia federated in 1901. Today, there is increasing recognition of Indigenous culture and a focus on addressing historical injustices.

Questions

questions

questions

Questions

3. Arborigines

Aboriginals are Australia’s Indigenous peoples, with unique languages and spiritual beliefs connected to the land. Their culture includes Dreamtime stories, art, and ecological practices like controlled burning. However, they face racism and poor living conditions, resulting in higher mortality and suicide rates and a significant presence in the prison population.

• The first arboriginal explorers arrived from Asia, and by 20,000 years ago they had spread the mainland and Tasmania.

• They were largely nomadic hunters and gatherers, contrary to belief they had established robust, semipermanent settlements in well-favoured localities.
• Arboriginal peoples are one of the two original inhabitantsof Australia along with the peoples of Torres Strait.

3.1 Arborigines Origins

3.1 Arborigines Origins

• Inicial British invasions started, in 1788, massive waves of illnesses that killed thousands, while many others were violently killed bringing their numbers down from between 250.000 and 500.000 to just around 60.000.
• Arboriginal peoples had their lands stolen and destroyed up until 1992, when it was determined that the land was empty before the invasions and belonged to no-one and could legitemately be taken over ("terra nullis").

3.2 CULTURE

Aboriginal Australians are among the world’s oldest cultures, with over 65,000 years of history. They share a spiritual connection to the land, speak more than 250 languages, and center their culture around Dreamtime stories. Traditionally, they lived as sustainable hunter-gatherers.Their art includes painting, music, dance, and storytelling. Following European colonization, they faced land loss and continue to advocate for rights and recognition, aiming for reconciliation and the inclusion of Indigenous perspectives in society

3.3 CURIOSITIES

• Ancient Culture: Aboriginal Australians have over 65,000 years of history.
• Diverse Groups: Over 250 groups with unique languages and traditions.

• Land Connection: Strong spiritual link to the land, known as "Dreamtime."

• Endangered Languages: Many of their 250 languages face extinction.

• Storytelling Art: Their art conveys stories and knowledge.

• Sustainable Practices: Used controlled burning for land management.

• Ceremonial Music and Dance: Central to culture, using instruments like the didgeridoo.

• Rights Advocacy: Growing calls for reparations and self-determination.

https://www.britannica.com/place/Australia/Land

"To many visitors, Australia may not seem a pretty country, but it has a unique and haunting beauty that exerts a powerful fascination on those who get to know it."

CONCLUSION

Australia is a diverse country and continent in the Southern Hemisphere, with around 25 million residents and landscapes ranging from beaches to deserts. Canberra is the capital, and major cities include Sydney and Melbourne.Rich in Indigenous Aboriginal culture, Australia is known for its wildlife and outdoor activities. Its history includes disruption from British colonization beginning in 1788, which led to land dispossession.Aboriginal peoples have unique languages and spiritual beliefs tied to the land, expressed through Dreamtime stories and art. Today, they face racism and violence, resulting in higher mortality and suicide rates, lower life expectancy, and overrepresentation in the prison population.

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