Want to create interactive content? It’s easy in Genially!

Graph of the Week

Virtual Science Teac

Created on October 4, 2024

Start designing with a free template

Discover more than 1500 professional designs like these:

Discover Your AI Assistant

Urban Illustrated Presentation

Geographical Challenge: Drag to the map

Decisions and Behaviors in the Workplace

Tangram Game

Process Flow: Corporate Recruitment

Weekly Corporate Challenge

Explore all templates

Easily share with students—just find the page you want, then click 'Link' or 'Embed Code' to add it to your lesson or share directly.

Hearing Frequency Ranges

CER Question

Background Information

Additional Questions

CER Question

Background Information

Additional Questions

Change in Latitude of Bird Center of Abundance, 1966–2013

https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-bird-wintering-ranges

CER Question

Background Information

Additional Questions

Credit:NOAA.gov

CER Question

Background Information

Additional Questions

Important note:This graph shows the average change in the animal populations scientists are studying.It does not show how many species have disappeared. Some populations are getting bigger and some are getting smaller, but the ones getting smaller are shrinking by a lot, so the average line goes down.

CER Question

Background Information

Additional Questions

Credit: Our World in Data

Credit: My NASA Data, Monthly Average Chlorophyll Concentration: North Atlantic 2016 - 2018; Data courtesy of NASA, Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instrument

CER Question

Background Information

Additional Questions

Embed Code

Link

CER Question

Background Information

Additional Questions

Background Information

CER Question

Additional Questions

Background Information: Because Earth is round and tilted, the Sun’s height in the sky and day length change with latitude and season. When the Sun is lower, its light spreads over a bigger area and passes through more air, so less energy reaches the surface; when it’s higher, energy is more concentrated. Ice and snow can reflect sunlight (less energy absorbed). The ocean stores and moves heat, so places near coasts often have milder yearly averages than inland areas at the same latitude, and higher elevations tend to be cooler than lowlands. Winds and ocean currents move energy between latitudes. These factors together shape the annual average temperature at each latitude shown in the map.

Source: Robert Rohde from Wikimedia(link is external), licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0

CER Question

Additional Questions

Background Information: Ionization energy is the energy needed to remove one electron from an atom. It shows how strongly the nucleus holds on to its electrons. Across Period 2 (Li → Ne), the nucleus gains more protons while the electrons are still in the same shell. This stronger pull makes it harder to remove an electron, so ionization energy usually increases as you go across. There are small dips for boron and oxygen because of how their electrons fill shells.

Periodic Table

CER Question

Additional Questions

Embed Code

Link

These Bohr models show the Period 2 elements (Li to Ne), where the number of valence electrons increases across the row until the outer shell is full with 8 electrons at neon.

CER Question

Additional Questions

Background Information: The Florida panther is a subspecies of cougar and is the only one that lives in the eastern United States. By the 1970s, their population had dropped to just 20–30 panthers in the wild. The main threats were habitat loss, hunting, and inbreeding (too few animals meant less genetic diversity). In 1995, wildlife biologists brought in 8 female Texas pumas to increase genetic diversity. This “genetic rescue” worked: the population grew, survival improved, and today the Florida panther population is estimated between 120 and 230 adults. Despite this success, Florida panthers are still endangered. A major problem now is vehicle collisions—in 2024 alone, 36 panthers were killed by cars. Their long-term survival depends on safe habitats, wildlife crossings, and continued protection.

CER Question

Additional Questions

National Geographic Video

Sources

Background Information:Wolves disappeared from Yellowstone in the 1920s, and for decades elk populations grew very large. Without predators, elk overgrazed young aspen, willow, and cottonwood trees. This changed the landscape and even affected streams and rivers, since fewer trees meant weaker banks that eroded more easily. In 1995, wolves were reintroduced. As elk numbers dropped and their behavior shifted (avoiding risky areas like stream edges), plants started to regrow. More trees and shrubs along rivers strengthened the banks, slowed erosion, and created better habitat for beavers, birds, and fish. This is an example of a trophic cascade, when changes at the top of the food chain affect many other parts of the ecosystem, even rivers.

Background Information: Tornadoes are fast-spinning columns of air that reach from a thunderstorm to the ground. They usually form during strong storms when warm, moist air from the Gulf of Mexico meets cool, dry air from the north or west. This mix creates unstable conditions, and if the air begins to spin and strengthens, a tornado can form.

CER Question

Additional Questions

NOAA

https://prism.oregonstate.edu/recent/monthly.php

CER Question

Additional Questions

A color minimum-maximum temperature map for September 2, 2019

All electromagnetic waves are light, but we can only see a small part called the visible spectrum.

Each color of visible light has a different wavelength — violet is shortest, red is longest.

Shorter wavelengths carry more energy, while longer wavelengths carry less.

The graph shows how color, wavelength, and energy are connected.

National Centers for Environmental Prediction, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

CER Question

Additional Questions

Additional Information:

All electromagnetic waves are light, but we can only see a small part called the visible spectrum.

Each color of visible light has a different wavelength — violet is shortest, red is longest.

Shorter wavelengths carry more energy, while longer wavelengths carry less.

The graph shows how color, wavelength, and energy are connected.

CER Question

Additional Questions

Questions

Additional Information:

These metals are essential to modern life, used in buildings, vehicles, electronics, and clean energy technologies. They are non-renewable resources, formed over millions of years and not replaceable on a human timescale. To get them, large amounts of rock are mined and processed to extract small amounts of usable metal—often using significant energy and affecting the environment. Some metals, like lithium, occur in very low concentrations, meaning tons of rock must be processed for just one kilogram. Other factors, such as the type of rock, how the metal is bonded, and the methods used, also affect how much material must be mined.

CER Question

Additional Questions

CER Question

Additional Questions

Extra Information: Some activities use more energy because they need more powerful computers. Bigger tasks (like AI image generation) involve more data and more processing steps than smaller tasks like a Google search. When computers work harder (for longer or doing more complicated tasks), they use more electricity — just like a car uses more gas when driving uphill.

Sources

CER Question

Additional Questions

Additional Info: Sound travels by causing particles in a material to vibrate. In solids, the particles are packed more tightly than in liquids or gases, which allows sound to move faster through them. The more tightly packed the particles, the quicker the vibrations can pass from one to another.

Additional Questions

CER Question

Melting point: The temperature at which a solid changes into a liquid at normal pressure (standard atmospheric pressure).

CER Question

Additional Questions

CER Question

Information about this graph

Additional Questions

📚 Source: Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation. (2024). Western Monarch Butterfly Population Declines to Near Record Low. Retrieved from https://xerces.org/press/western-monarch-butterfly-population-declines-to-near-record-low Data from the Western Monarch Count project: https://westernmonarchcount.org

CER Question

Additional Questions

CER Question

Additional Questions

Earth/Sun Simulation

Sample Temperature Profile of a Tropical Ocean

Background Information: The Tropical Thermocline

Water temperature changes with depth in oceans and large lakes.
The thermocline is a layer where temperature drops quickly instead of gradually.
It separates the warm surface water from the cold deep water.
The depth and steepness of the thermocline change depending on location, season, and ocean mixing.
Tropical oceans tend to have a strong, steep thermocline because the surface water is very warm.

CER Question

Additional Questions

Praveenron, CC BY-SA 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons

CER Question

Additional Questions

CER Question

Additional Questions

NASA: Planetary Properties

3.7 m/s2

8.9 m/s2

9.8 m/s2

3.7 m/s2

23.1 m/s2

9.0 m/s2

8.7 m/s2

11.0 m/s2

Gravity (m/s2)

CER Question

Additional Questions

CER Question

Additional Questions

CER Question

Additional Questions

Weather Spark

Average High and Low Temperature

The daily average high and low air temperature at 2 meters above the ground. The thin dotted lines are the corresponding perceived temperatures.

CER Question

Additional Questions

My NASA Data

Global Surface Water Salinity: Where Is the Saltiest Water?

CER Question

Additional Questions

The Distance of Each Planet from the Sun

Average Distance (106 km)

57.9

108.2

149.6

228

778.5

1432

2867

4515

NASA Planetary Fact Sheet

Mean Temperature of Each Planet

Mean Temperature (°C)

167°C

464°C

15°C

-65°C

-110°C

-140°C

-195°C

-200°C

CER Question

Additional Questions

Hydrogen 10%

24% Oxygen

19% Carbon

62% Hydrogen

12% Carbon

65% Oxygen

CER Question

Additional Questions

CER Question

Additional Questions

CER Question

Additional Questions

CER Question

Addtional Questions

Image provided by NOOA

CER Question

Addtional Questions

CER Question

Addtional Questions

CER Question

Additional Questions

CER Question

Water Use in the United States

Additional Questions

Source

CER Question

Additional Questions

Production and Conversion refers to the stage where plastics are created. This includes extracting raw materials (usually fossil fuels like oil or natural gas), refining them, and converting them into plastic products. This stage involves energy-intensive processes, which is why it often has high emissions. End of Life refers to what happens to plastic products after they have been used and discarded. This stage includes disposal methods such as landfilling, incineration, or recycling. Each disposal method can lead to emissions, with incineration releasing gases directly and landfilling leading to slower emissions over time as plastics break down.

CER Question

Additional Questions

CER Question

Additional Questions

Climate.gov

Questions

https://www.ers.usda.gov/

The colored bands represent the visible wavelengths of light. The black curve shows how a star’s peak wavelength changes as its surface temperature increases.

Additional Information:

Waves with higher energies have shorter wavelengths.
Hotter stars radiate waves with higher energy.
Learn about Wein's Displacement Law (used to create this graph) @ https://www.omnicalculator.com/physics/wiens-law

CER Question

Additional Questions

CER Question

Additional Questions

Pumice (Igneous) – formed when gas-filled lava cools quickly.

Sandstone (Sedimentary)-formed as layers of sand are compacted over time.

Marble (Metamorphic) – formed when limestone recrystallizes under heat and pressure.

Basalt (Igneous) – formed when lava cools at Earth’s surface.

Peridotite (Igneous)– formed deep in Earth’s mantle and made mostly of olivine, a green mineral rich in iron and magnesium.

Wikipedia

CER Question

Additional Questions

Important Note: The densities shown are average values. Real samples vary with mineral content and porosity.

Shale (Sedimentary): Formed from compacted clay and silt at Earth’s surface.

Slate (Metamorphic): Formed when shale is subjected to heat and pressure, which rearranges its minerals into thin, flat layers.

Gneiss (Igneous): Forms when magma cools slowly deep underground, creating large crystals. Granite can break down into sediments that eventually form new sedimentary rocks like shale, starting the cycle again.

Wikipedia

https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-tropical-cyclone-activity

https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-heat-waves

https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-marine-heat-waves

https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-wildfires

https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-stream-temperature

https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-marine-heat-waves

https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/great-lakes

https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-bird-wintering-ranges

https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/closer-look-black-guillemots-cooper-island

https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-leaf-and-bloom-dates

Sources

National Geographic Video

CER Question: How did the reintroduction of wolves affect the elk population in Yellowstone? Claim: State how the elk population changed after wolves were brought back to Yellowstone in 1995. Evidence: Use specific data points from the graph, such as the approximate elk numbers in 1995, the lowest population year, and the more recent count. Also note the wolf population trend over the same years. Reasoning: Explain how predator-prey relationships work in ecosystems. Consider why adding wolves back into Yellowstone might have changed elk numbers and behavior, and how that could affect the plants and other animals in the park.

https://prism.oregonstate.edu/recent/monthly.php

In summer, the western U.S. is especially dry because the land gets very hot, but the nearby Pacific Ocean stays cold. The cold ocean doesn’t add much moisture to the air, and the hot land causes the air to sink instead of rise. Sinking air warms up, which makes it hard for clouds and rain to form. In winter, the land is cooler and the air can rise more easily, bringing more rain — but in summer, the sinking air and dry conditions keep most of the West very dry.

In summer, the Southeast gets a lot of rain because the air is very hot and humid from the nearby warm ocean. The heat makes the moist air rise quickly, and as it rises, it cools down, causing the moisture to form clouds and rain. This rising, humid air leads to frequent afternoon thunderstorms, which are common in the Southeast during summer.

1. Compare the precipitation amounts in regions A, B, and C. 2. How might the difference in summer rainfall affect the way people use and manage water in regions A, B, and C? 3. How might the types of plants and animals in Regions A, B, and C be different based on the amount of rain they get?

CER Question: Do animals always have more chromosomes than plants? Claim: Make a statement that answers the question based on what you see in the graph. Evidence: Use examples from the graph to compare the chromosome numbers of animals and plants. Reasoning: Explain why the data support your claim using your understanding that chromosomes hold DNA, which carries the instructions for life, and that different organisms can have their DNA packaged in different numbers of chromosomes.

1. What pattern do you see in the timing of peak cherry blossoms from 1900 to 2025? 2. If a data point is lower on the graph, what does that tell you about when the cherry trees bloomed that year? 3. Why do scientists study when cherry trees bloom each year, and what can it tell us about the environment?

1. Which species on the graph has the fewest chromosomes? Which has the most? What is the difference in chromosome number between these two species? 2. How does the rabbit’s number of chromosomes compare to a human’s and a goldfish’s? 3. Based on the graph, do organisms with similar chromosome numbers always seem similar in other ways (size, appearance, or type)?

Background Information

Different animals can hear different ranges of sound frequencies. Hearing is an adaptation- a trait that helps an animal survive in its environment. Why might high-frequency hearing be helpful? Some animals, including bats and porpoises, use echolocation. Echolocation is when an animal makes sounds and listens to the echoes to locate objects. Echolocation works best with high-frequency sounds because high frequencies have shorter wavelengths, which can detect small objects and fine details. Why might low-frequency hearing be helpful? Low-frequency sounds travel farther and can bend around obstacles, which helps animals like baleen whales communicate across long distances in the ocean and animals like elephants stay in contact over wide areas on land. These low sounds can also help them detect large events in their environment, such as distant movement or storms. How animals use sound (adaptations): Animals use sound for communication, finding food, avoiding predators, and navigation (including echolocation).

0 Hz

20 Hz

20000 Hz

1. Pumice is also an igneous rock. Why does it have such a different density compared to basalt? 2. What happens to sandstone’s density when it changes into marble? Why? 3. Why might rocks from deep inside Earth (like peridotite) be denser than rocks formed at the surface?

Pumice (Igneous) – formed when gas-filled lava cools quickly.

Sandstone (Sedimentary)-formed as layers of sand are compacted over time.

Marble (Metamorphic) – formed when limestone recrystallizes under heat and pressure.

Basalt (Igneous) – formed when lava cools at Earth’s surface.

Peridotite (Igneous)– formed deep in Earth’s mantle and made mostly of olivine, a green mineral rich in iron and magnesium.

Wikipedia

1. From March 20 to June 21, what happens to daylight in Chesapeake? 2. Compare June 21 and December 21. How are the daylight hours different, and what does that tell you about the Sun’s path/angle in the sky? 3. Compare the equinoxes: Using the graph, describe what the daylight looks like on/near March 20 and September 22. How are they similar, and what is happening to daylight in the weeks after each date? Explain why day and night are nearly equal on those dates.

Credit and Graph with Data Table at NOAA.gov

1. How does the water level change over the course of October 21, 2025? 2. How does the measured tide (green line) compare to the predicted tide (blue line)? 3. Why might the measured tide be a little higher or lower than the predicted tide? (Hint: Think about wind, air pressure, and weather conditions.)

Credit:Our World in Data

1. What overall trend do you see in the Living Planet Index from 1970 to 2020?2. Compare the steepness of the decline between 1970–1990 and 2000–2020. During which period were populations shrinking faster? 3. Even though the line looks flatter from 2000–2020, populations are still declining. Why might the decline appear slower once wildlife numbers are already much smaller? 4. If these trends continue, what might this mean for wildlife populations in the next 20–50 years? Explain your reasoning.

1. Describe the changes in the Florida panther population from the 1970s to today. 2. In 1995, wildlife biologists brought in Texas pumas. How do you think this action affected the population trend shown in the graph? 3. Even though the population has increased, Florida panthers are still endangered. Based on the background information, what challenges might prevent their population from continuing to grow?

Sample Temperature Profile of a Tropical Ocean

Background Information: The Tropical Thermocline

Water temperature changes with depth in oceans and large lakes.
The thermocline is a layer where temperature drops quickly instead of gradually.
It separates the warm surface water from the cold deep water.
The depth and steepness of the thermocline change depending on location, season, and ocean mixing.
Tropical oceans tend to have a strong, steep thermocline because the surface water is very warm.

How does ocean temperature change with depth?Respond using Claim, Evidence, and Reasoning. Claim: Look at the overall trend in ocean temperature as depth increases in the graph of a sample tempearture profile of a tropical ocean. Does it increase, decrease, or stay the same? Evidence: Use specific data from the graph to describe how temperature changes from the surface to deeper depths. Identify key depth ranges where the temperature changes most rapidly. Reasoning: Explain why this trend occurs based on ocean science concepts.

Praveenron, CC BY-SA 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons

Additional Information:

Which metal on the graph requires the largest amount of rock to be mined in order to produce just one kilogram of metal? Respond using Claim, Evidence, Reasoning. Claim: Name the metal that requires the most rock to produce one kilogram of metal. Evidence: Use specific numbers from the graph to support your answer. Reasoning: Use information from the “Additional Information” section to explain why that metal might require more rock than others.

62% Hydrogen

12% Carbon

24% Oxygen

65% Oxygen

19% Carbon

Hydrogen 10%

How do the percentages of hydrogen and oxygen differ when comparing percent by atoms and percent by mass in the human body? Use Claim, Evidence, and Reasoning to explain these differences. Claim: Answer the question by stating the main difference between hydrogen and oxygen in terms of atoms and mass. Evidence: Use specific data from both pie charts to support your claim. Reasoning: Explain why the evidence supports the claim using scientific reasoning.

1. Which element is the second most abundant in the universe, and how does its abundance compare to the most abundant element? 2. What do the smaller slices of the pie chart tell us about the abundance of heavier elements like oxygen, carbon, and others? 3. Why do you think hydrogen and helium make up the majority of the universe's composition?

Credit: My NASA Data, Monthly Average Chlorophyll Concentration: North Atlantic 2016 - 2018; Data courtesy of NASA, Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instrument

Claim: During which season does chlorophyll concentration tend to be highest in the North Atlantic? Evidence: Use data from the graph to support your answer. Identify the months or patterns where concentrations increase or peak. Reasoning: Explain why chlorophyll levels might be higher during that season. Consider factors such as sunlight availability, temperature, and nutrient mixing in ocean water.

To share a link, simply copy and paste this URL into any website, LMS, or platform to allow users to view the content directly:

https://view.genially.com/66ffc90a3e5d44eb7a7b8752?idSlide=7bc0cb9c-84b8-43be-9a54-a24676256c7d

Melting point: The temperature at which a solid changes into a liquid at normal pressure (standard atmospheric pressure).

Which substance on the graph requires the most heat to melt? Answer using Claim, Evidence, and Reasoning. Claim: Identify which substance requires the most heat to melt. Evidence: Use the exact melting point data from the graph to support your claim. Reasoning: Use your understanding of melting points to explain how the data supports your claim.

Which instrument on the graph can produce the highest-pitched sounds, and which instrument can produce the lowest-pitched sounds? Claim: Make a claim naming both instruments. Evidence: Use specific values (frequencies with units, Hz) from the graph to support your claim. Reasoning: In your explanation, connect your evidence to your claim. Include how frequency relates to pitch.

Sources

National Geographic Video

1. The graph shows how wolf and elk populations changed over time. What pattern do you notice about wolves when elk numbers are very high versus when elk numbers are lower? 2. The graph only shows wolves and elk. How may have other parts of the Yellowstone ecosystem (plants, rivers, or other animals) might also have been affected by these population changes? 3. Humans removed wolves from Yellowstone in the 1920s and later decided to bring them back in 1995. How does the graph show the effect of these human choices on the ecosystem?

1. What overall trend do you observe in the number of global smallpox cases over time?2. During which decade did smallpox cases begin to decline most rapidly? 3. In what year were smallpox cases completely eradicated, according to the graph? 4. What factors might have contributed to the elimination of smallpox cases globally?

How has global sea level changed since 1880? Respond using Claim, Evidence, and Reasoning.Claim: Look at the overall trend in sea level over time. Has it increased, decreased, or stayed the same? Evidence: Use specific data from the graph to support your claim. How much has sea level changed over time? Identify key years and values. Reasoning: Connect the trend to accepted science concepts.

How has Arctic sea ice extent changed over time? Respond using Claim, Evidence, and Reasoning.Claim: Look at the overall trend in Arctic sea ice extent over time. Has it increased, decreased, or stayed the same? Evidence: Use specific data from the graph to support your claim. Reasoning: Connect the trend to accepted science concepts.

Pumice (Igneous) – formed when gas-filled lava cools quickly.

Sandstone (Sedimentary)-formed as layers of sand are compacted over time.

Marble (Metamorphic) – formed when limestone recrystallizes under heat and pressure.

Basalt (Igneous) – formed when lava cools at Earth’s surface.

Peridotite (Igneous)– formed deep in Earth’s mantle and made mostly of olivine, a green mineral rich in iron and magnesium.

Wikipedia

1. How does Arctic sea ice extent in September compare to February? Why is there a difference, and what factors influence these seasonal changes?2. What general trend do you notice in Arctic sea ice extent over time? How does the extent in recent years compare to earlier years? 3. Based on the trend in the graph, what do you predict will happen to Arctic sea ice extent in the next 20 years? What evidence from the graph supports your prediction?

Understanding Ocean pH and Acidification What is pH? A measure of acidity (0-14 scale). Ocean pH was 8.2 but is decreasing, meaning the ocean is becoming more acidic. Why is pH decreasing? The ocean absorbs CO₂, forming carbonic acid, which lowers pH and harms marine life. Why does it matter? Acidification weakens coral reefs, shellfish, and marine ecosystems, impacting food chains and coastal economies.

1. What trend do you notice in ocean pH over time?2. How does the change in ocean pH relate to CO₂ levels in the atmosphere? 3. What impact could decreasing ocean pH have on marine life and ecosystems?

1. What was the world population in 1900? How does it compare to the population in 2000? 2. During which time period did the world’s population grow the fastest? How can you tell? 3. What is the approximate world population today, according to the graph?

1. Describe the trend you see in the graph. What is happening to global sea levels over time? 2. What do you think is causing this trend? 3. What do you predict will happen to sea levels over the next 50 years? 4. How might rising sea levels impact coastal communities, ecosystems, and weather patterns?

Global Surface Water Salinity: Where Is the Saltiest Water?

My NASA Data

Which areas of the world have the saltiest surface water? Use Claim, Evidence, and Reasoning to explain what you see in the salinity map. Claim: Say which parts of the world have the saltiest surface water. Evidence: Provide the data from the map to describe where salinity is highest. Reasoning: Explain why these areas are saltier, thinking about factors like heat, evaporation, and how much rain or freshwater those areas get.

How does the visibility of the Moon change throughout a lunar cycle? Respond using Claim, Evidence, and Reasoning. Claim: Describe how the visibility of the Moon changes over the course of a lunar cycle. Evidence: Use specific data from the table, such as when the Moon's visibility is at its minimum (0%) and maximum (100%), and how it changes daily. Reasoning: Explain how the changes in the Moon's visibility are related to its orbit around Earth and the phases of the Moon, such as new moon, full moon, and waxing/waning phases. Use your understanding of the Earth-Sun-Moon system to link the evidence to your claim.

1. On which date does the Moon reach its maximum visibility, and how long does it remain nearly fully visible? 2. How does the Moon’s visibility change during the waning phase compared to the waxing phase? 3. Based on the Moon's cycle of waxing and waning, what do you think the average visibility of the Moon is over a full lunar month? Explain your reasoning using patterns in the data.

Sources for Yellowstone Wolf & Elk Populations National Park Service – Elk in Yellowstone (Northern Herd Trends, 1923–2024) Provides official elk count history, including the ~17,000 elk in 1995, the low of ~3,915 in 2013, and ~6,673 in 2022. https://www.nps.gov/yell/learn/nature/elk.htm National Park Service – Yellowstone Wolf Project Annual Reports- Annual reports with wolf counts, pack summaries, and ecology notes. Example: 2015 report confirms ~95 wolves, 2022 report shows 108 wolves, and the 2023 report shows 124 wolves. https://www.nps.gov/yell/learn/nature/wolf-reports.htm Wikipedia – History of Wolves in Yellowstone (summarizes NPS reports in one table). Contains year-by-year wolf numbers (1995: 21 wolves; 2003 peak: 174 wolves; ~95 in 2013; ~124 in 2023). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_wolves_in_Yellowstone Wikipedia – List of Animals of Yellowstone (elk population section). Summarizes Northern Yellowstone elk herd counts with citations to NPS. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_animals_of_Yellowstone

Additional Information:

All stars give off light in all colors, but the color we see most strongly depends on the star’s surface temperature.
Hotter stars give off more blue or violet light, which are shorter wavelengths and carry more energy.

Cooler stars give off more red or orange light, which are longer wavelengths and carry less energy.

Stars are classified by their temperature, which determines the dominant wavelength (or color) of light they emit.

Some stars are classified as white because their light is evenly balanced, without one color being strongest.

The Sun is classified as a yellow star based on its temperature and dominant wavelength — even though it emits a full spectrum of light that appears white from space.

1. What color are stars that have a surface temperature above 30,000 K? 2. If a star has a surface temperature of about 5,800 K, what color category would it be classified as? 3. Which color category includes stars with the coolest surface temperatures?

Western Monarch Butterfly Population Over TimeThis graph shows how the western monarch butterfly population in California has changed each winter since 1997. Monarchs migrate thousands of miles to overwinter along the California coast, clustering on trees in special groves.What are you looking at?Each bar on the graph represents the total number of monarchs counted during winter. Where did the data come from?The data was collected by the Western Monarch Count, a project of the Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation, in partnership with volunteers, scientists, and community groups. Teams visit dozens of overwintering sites to count butterflies each year.Why is this data important?Tracking monarch numbers helps scientists understand how these butterflies are doing—and whether conservation efforts are working. Big drops can signal problems like habitat loss, climate change, pesticide use, and loss of milkweed, the only plant monarch caterpillars eat.

Select the graph to enlarge it.

Weather Spark

Average High and Low Temperature

The daily average high and low air temperature at 2 meters above the ground. The thin dotted lines are the corresponding perceived temperatures.

1. In which month is the temperature difference between San Francisco and St. Louis the greatest?2. During which months does St. Louis have higher average temperatures than San Francisco? 3. What is the approximate average low temperature in San Francisco during the summer months (June–August)?

Background Information:

Because Earth is round and tilted, the Sun’s height in the sky and day length change with latitude and season. When the Sun is lower, its light spreads over a bigger area and passes through more air, so less energy reaches the surface; when it’s higher, energy is more concentrated. Ice and snow can reflect sunlight (less energy absorbed). The ocean stores and moves heat, so places near coasts often have milder yearly averages than inland areas at the same latitude, and higher elevations tend to be cooler than lowlands. Winds and ocean currents move energy between latitudes. These factors together shape the annual average temperature at each latitude shown in the map.

Source: Robert Rohde from Wikimedia(link is external), licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0

Use Claim, Evidence, and Reasoning (CER) to answer the following question: How does Earth’s average annual temperature change with latitude, from the equator toward the poles? Claim: Write a clear statement that answers the question. (Think: What is the relationship between latitude and average temperature?) Evidence: Use numbers or details from the graph to support your claim. (For example, pick two different latitudes and their temperatures.) Reasoning: Explain why the evidence supports your claim. Connect it to science ideas such as Earth’s shape, sunlight, and energy.

Credit: My NASA Data, Monthly Average Chlorophyll Concentration: North Atlantic 2016 - 2018; Data courtesy of NASA, Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instrument

1. During which season are the chlorophyll concentrations highest each year? 2. During which season are the chlorophyll concentrations lowest each year? 3. What does the pattern suggest about the relationship between chlorophyll and seasons? 4. How could scientists use this kind of data to study climate change or ocean health?

Earth/Sun Simulation

How does daylight change at the North Pole and South Pole during the year? Answer using Claim, Evidence, and Reasoning.Claim: Look at the graph. Does the amount of daylight stay the same all year, or does it change? Do the North Pole and South Pole have the same pattern? Evidence: Use numbers from the graph to describe how daylight changes at each pole. When do the poles have 24 hours of daylight? When do they have no daylight? Give at least two examples from the graph. Reasoning: Why does this happen? Use what you know about how the Earth tilts and moves around the Sun to explain why the North and South Poles get so much daylight in some months and none in others.

Earth/Sun Simulation

1. In which month(s) does the North Pole have the same number of daylight hours as the South Pole? 2. Which months have the biggest difference in daylight hours between the North Pole and the South Pole? 3. What is happening to daylight at the North Pole between March and June?

Source: Robert Rohde from Wikimedia(link is external), licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0

1. How does the average annual temperature at the equator compare to the average temperature near the poles? 2. How does the average annual temperature of the North Pole compare to that of the South Pole? 3. Why do you think temperatures at the same latitude might not always be exactly the same in different parts of the world (for example, Europe vs. Canada at 50°N)?

Of the activities shown, which one uses the most energy? Use the graph for evidence, and explain your reasoning using your understanding and what you know about how technology uses energy. Claim: Identify which of the 4 activities requires the most energy. Evidence: Use specific values (kWh) from the graph. Reasoning: Explain why that task uses more energy, using your understanding and science concepts about work, processing, and electricity.

https://prism.oregonstate.edu/recent/monthly.php

According to the precipitation map, which region — the West or the Southeast — got the most rain in July 2024? Claim: Make a claim about which part of the country received the most rainfall during July 2024. Evidence: Use information from the maps to support your claim. Reasoning: Use accepted science ideas to explain how your evidence supports your claim.

Water Use in the United States

Source

1. How did the trend in total water withdrawals change over time from 1950 to 2015, and what might explain the decrease observed after 1980? 2. Which water-use category has consistently used the most water over time, and how does this compare to other categories like public supply or irrigation? 3.Between 2005 and 2015, which categories showed a decrease or increase in water use, and what might be some reasons for these changes?

Through which material shown in the graph does sound travel the fastest? Answer using Claim, Evidence, and Reasoning. Claim: Identify which material sounds travels through the fastest. Evidence: Use specific speed values from the graph to support your claim. Reasoning: Use your understanding of how particles are arranged in solids, liquids, and gases to explain why sound travels faster in some materials than others.

Average High and Low Temperature

Weather Spark

The daily average high and low air temperature at 2 meters above the ground. The thin dotted lines are the corresponding perceived temperatures.

Which city experiences greater temperature variation throughout the year, San Francisco or St. Louis? Use claim, evidence, reasoning for your response. Claim: State which city has the greater temperature variation. Evidence: Use data from the graph to describe the differences in temperature ranges for each city. Reasoning: Explain why one city experiences more variation, considering factors like geography, climate influences, and proximity to large bodies of water.

A color minimum-maximum temperature map for September 2, 2019

National Centers for Environmental Prediction, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

1. Which region of the U.S. had the lowest minimum temperatures on September 2, 2019?

Hearing Frequency Ranges

1. Compare to humans: Which animals can hear sounds that humans cannot hear (either below 20 Hz or above 20 kHz)? Use one example for each and cite the frequency values. 2. Echolocation connection: Two animals on the graph use echolocation. Which are they, and what evidence from the graph supports that they are adapted for echolocation? 3. Adaptation inference: Choose one animal and explain how its hearing range could help it survive (communication, finding food, avoiding predators, or navigating). Use at least two numbers from the graph as evidence.

1. Which three months had the highest number of tornado reports? 2.Why do you think there was a spike in tornado activity during certain months like April and December? 3. If you lived in a tornado-prone state, how might this data help you prepare for tornado season?

NOAA

Which type of waste is most commonly found in rivers and oceans?Claim: Identify the most common type of waste found in rivers and oceans based on the data. Evidence: Use data from the graph to describe the percentage of different waste types and how they compare in frequency. Reasoning: Explain why the most common waste item is so prevalent, considering factors such as human usage, disposal habits, material properties, and how manterials move through the environment.

1. What trend do you notice in the number of objects launched into space over time? Are there any noticeable spikes or dips? What might have caused them? 2. Based on the trend shown in the graph, what do you predict will happen to the number of space launches in the next 10 years? What factors could cause this number to increase or decrease?

The colored bands represent the visible wavelengths of light. The black curve shows how a star’s peak wavelength changes as its surface temperature increases.

Additional Information:

Waves with higher energies have shorter wavelengths.
Hotter stars radiate waves with higher energy.
Learn about Wein's Displacement Law (used to create this graph) @ https://www.omnicalculator.com/physics/wiens-law

How is a star’s peak wavelength of emitted light relate to its surface temperature? Claim: State how a stay's peak wavelength (as shown by the black curved line) relates to its surface temperature. Evidence: Use specific temperature and wavelength values from the graph to support your claim. Reasoning: Use the additional information to explain how the evidence supports the claim.

1. Largest range: Which instrument has the largest frequency range (biggest difference between highest and lowest Hz)? How can you tell from the graph? 2. Smallest range: Which instrument has the smallest frequency range? Use the graph’s numbers to support your answer. 3. Overlap / shared frequencies: Which two instruments overlap the most in their frequency ranges? Describe the overlapping interval using Hz values from the graph.

Melting point: The temperature at which a solid changes into a liquid at normal pressure (standard atmospheric pressure).

1. Which substance melts at the lowest temperature, and how might that affect how it's stored or used in cooking? 2. Compare the melting points of butter and sugar. What does this tell you about which one starts to melt first when heated? 3. Based on the melting points in the graph, which substances would still be solid in a hot kitchen (around 30°C)?

To share a link, simply copy and paste this URL into any website, LMS, or platform to allow users to view the content directly:

https://view.genially.com/66ffc90a3e5d44eb7a7b8752?idSlide=1c958e2f-3d4b-465c-a07f-a6bc09326b57

How is ocean pH changing over time? Use Claim, Evidence, and Reasoning for your response.Claim: Describe how ocean pH levels are changing. Evidence: Use data from the graph to explain trends in ocean pH over time. Mention specific years and pH values to support your claim. Reasoning: Explain why ocean pH is changing. Consider factors like carbon dioxide levels, ocean chemistry, and potential environmental impacts.

1. What patterns do you notice in the monarch population over time? 2. What do you think are the main reasons for the changes in the the monarch butterfly population? 3. How might this data help scientists or conservation groups make decisions about protecting monarchs?

Which energy source has been the largest contributor to global energy consumption since 1965? Respond using Claim, Evidence, and Reasoning.Claim: Identify the largest energy source. Evidence: Use data from the graph to support your claim. Reasoning: Use your understanding of energy sources to explain why this energy source has been the largest contributor.

The Distance of Each Planet from the Sun

Average Distance (106 km)

57.9

108.2

149.6

228

778.5

1432

2867

4515

1. Describe the pattern you observe between a planet’s distance from the Sun and its temperature. Identify any planets that don’t follow this pattern and explain what might cause these differences. 2. Look at the temperatures of the planets far from the Sun, like Uranus and Neptune. Why do you think these planets are so cold? Use the data from the graphs to explain your answer. 3. Earth is the only planet in our solar system known to support life. Based on its distance from the Sun and the data in the graphs, why do you think Earth’s position might make it suitable for life? What other factors, besides temperature, might be important for life to exist?

Mean Temperature of Each Planet

Mean Temperature (°C)

167°C

464°C

15°C

-65°C

-110°C

-140°C

-195°C

-200°C

1. At what layer of the atmosphere does temperature start to increase again as altitude increases, and why do you think this happens? 2. Which layer of the atmosphere experiences the coldest temperatures, and how does this compare to the other layers? 3. How does the temperature change in the Troposphere differ from the temperature change in the Stratosphere?

Has the Florida panther recovery program been successful? Use Claim, Evidence Reasoning for your response. Claim: Write a clear answer to the question. Evidence: Use specific numbers and trends from the graph to support your claim. Reasoning: Use the additional information to explain how the evidence supports the claim.

How does the temperature of the atmosphere change as you move up toward space? Respond using Claim, Evidence, and Reasoning. Claim: Describe how the temperature changes as you move upward through the layers of the atmosphere (Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere). Evidence: Use specific temperature ranges and patterns from the graph. Reasoning: Explain why the temperature changes in each layer based on scientific principles.

Additional Information:

All electromagnetic waves are light, but we can only see a small part called the visible spectrum.

Each color of visible light has a different wavelength — violet is shortest, red is longest.

Shorter wavelengths carry more energy, while longer wavelengths carry less.

The graph shows how color, wavelength, and energy are connected.

Which colors of visible light have the most and least energy? Claim: State which colors of the visible light spectrum have the most and least energy. Evidence: Use information from the electromagnetic spectrum diagram to support your claim. Reasoning: Explain how your evidence supports your claim. Describe the pattern between wavelength and energy using color examples from the spectrum.

Answer the following question using Claim, Evidence, Reasoning: What is the trend in ionization energy across Period 2 from lithium to neon? Claim: State the overall pattern you see in the graph. Evidence: Point to data from the graph to support your claim. Reasoning: Use science concepts about atoms and electrons to explain the pattern.

Periodic Table

These Bohr models show the Period 2 elements (Li to Ne), where the number of valence electrons increases across the row until the outer shell is full with 8 electrons at neon.

Hearing Frequency Ranges

Which animals on the graph are adapted to hear the highest-frequency sounds, and which can hear the lowest-frequency sounds? Claim: Make a claim naming the animal(s) that hear the highest frequencies and the animal(s) that hear the lowest frequencies. Evidence: Use specific values from the graph (frequencies with units, Hz or kHz) to support your claim. Reasoning: Explain why these hearing ranges make sense as adaptations.

1. Which two materials on the graph have the most similar speeds of sound? 2. How much faster does sound travel through steel than through air? 3. What pattern do you notice about the types of materials (solid, liquid, gas) and the speed of sound?

1. Which type of fresh water is the most common, and which is the least common? 2. Why is it hard for people to get usable water, even though about two-thirds of Earth is covered in water? 3. How might the way water is stored on Earth affect how scientists and engineers design water systems?

A gene is a small section of DNA.

22 Pairs (44 total) of Chromosomes in the nucleus of each cell

Cell

Different species have different numbers of chromosomes, but the total number doesn’t determine how much DNA they have. Chromosomes act like storage units that organize an organism’s DNA into separate bundles. Some species have their DNA divided into many small chromosomes, while others have fewer, larger ones. For example, a rabbit has fewer chromosomes than a dog or goldfish, but its chromosomes still hold all the DNA instructions needed for a rabbit to grow, function, and reproduce. What matters most is that chromosomes organize and carry genes that control an organism’s traits.

Water Use in the United States

Source

How has total water use in the United States changed from 1950 to 2015? Respond using Claim, Evidence, and Reasoning.Claim: Describe how total water use has changed over time. Evidence: Use specific numbers or patterns from the graph to support your claim. Reasoning: Explain what factors might have contributed to the trend shown in the graph.

Change in Latitude of Bird Center of Abundance, 1966–2013

Note: Birds still migrate south for the winter. A positive value means they did not fly as far south as in past years.

https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-bird-wintering-ranges

1. What does the graph show is happening to birds’ winter locations over time?Use the words north or south and describe the trend from 1966 to 2013. 2.How much did birds’ winter locations change from the beginning to the end of the graph? Estimate about how many miles north the average location moved, and explain how you got your number. 3.What is one reason birds might not need to fly as far south to survive winter anymore? Connect your idea to something that could be changing in the environment.

1. Which type of corn packaging has the highest price per pound, and which has the lowest? 2. How might the energy needed to store or preserve fresh, canned, and frozen corn differ, and how could that affect the cost? 3. Which type of corn packaging do you think would have the longest shelf life, and why? How does this connect to the cost per pound shown in the graph? 4. What environmental factors could impact the pricing of fresh, canned, and frozen corn, such as transportation and refrigeration?

Which element is the most abundant in the universe? Respond using Claim, Evidence, and Reasoning. Claim: Describe which element is the most abundant in the universe. Evidence: Use the data from the pie chart to support your claim. Reasoning: Explain why the evidence from the chart supports your claim using your understanding of the formation of elements in the universe.

What happened to the number of reported smallpox cases over time? Respond using Claim, Evidence, and Reasoning.Claim: Describe how the number of reported smallpox cases changed over time. Evidence: Use specific numbers from the graph to support your claim. Reasoning: Explain what might have caused the trend shown in the gra based on your understanding of science and public health efforts.

Question: How has the western monarch butterfly population changed over time, and what does this suggest about their survival? Answer using Claim, Evidence, and Reasoning. Claim: Explain how the population of western monarch butterflies has changed over the years. Evidence: Use specific data from the graph to support your claim. Reasoning: Explain what could be causing the changes in monarch population.

Source: Audobon.org

Birds rely on certain temperatures, habitats, and food sources to survive the winter. As winters in North America have become warmer over the last several decades, many bird species no longer need to migrate as far south. To track these changes, thousands of volunteers and scientists take part in the Christmas Bird Count, a long-running project where people record which birds they see in the same locations every winter. By comparing these data from 1966 to 2013, scientists can measure how far the average winter location, or “center of abundance," of birds has shifted north as the climate has warmed.

Additional Information:

1. Compare the rock-to-metal ratios of lithium and iron. About how many more kilograms of rock are needed to get one kilogram of lithium than iron? 2. In recent years, the demand for lithium has increased because it is used in rechargeable batteries for electric vehicles, phones, laptops, and other devices. How might the increased demand for lithium affect the environment?

Sample Temperature Profile of a Tropical Ocean

Background Information: The Tropical Thermocline

Water temperature changes with depth in oceans and large lakes.
The thermocline is a layer where temperature drops quickly instead of gradually.
It separates the warm surface water from the cold deep water.
The depth and steepness of the thermocline change depending on location, season, and ocean mixing.
Tropical oceans tend to have a strong, steep thermocline because the surface water is very warm.

1. At what depth does the temperature begin to drop rapidly? 2. Why does the deep ocean stay cold even in tropical regions? 3. How might the thermocline affect where marine organisms live?

Praveenron, CC BY-SA 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons

1. Which Period 2 element has the lowest ionization energy? Why? 2. Which element has the highest ionization energy? Why 3. How does the number of protons in the nucleus affect ionization energy?

Periodic Table

These Bohr models show the Period 2 elements (Li to Ne), where the number of valence electrons increases across the row until the outer shell is full with 8 electrons at neon.

Change in Latitude of Bird Center of Abundance, 1966–2013

Note: Birds still migrate south for the winter. A positive value means they did not fly as far south as in past years.

https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-bird-wintering-ranges

Use Claim, Evidence, and Reasoning (CER) to explain how the winter locations of North American birds have changed from 1966 to 2013. Claim: State how the average winter location of birds has changed over time (for example, whether it moved north, stayed the same, or moved south). Evidence: Use specific data from the graph to support your claim (include actual distances and/or years shown in the graph). Reasoning: Explain why the winter locations of many bird species are shifting. In your explanation, include how changes in winter temperatures can affect where birds can survive and find suitable habitat.

1. Which energy source is used the most, and how has that changed over time? 2. Can you spot any energy sources that have become more popular in recent years? Why do you think this is happening? 3. How do renewable energy sources (like solar and wind) compare to fossil fuels (like coal and oil) in terms of usage? Do you think they could catch up? 4. Why might it be important to increase the amount of renewable energy in the future? What are some possible benefits?

1. How might the growing use of AI tools affect the amount of energy people use in the future? 2. What are some ways technology companies could reduce the amount of energy their tools and apps use? 3. Why is it important to think about energy use when we create or use new technologies?

Which rock type shown in the graph is the most dense? Use claim, evidence, reasoning for your response. Claim: State which rock type is the most dense. Evidence: Use the graph to show how its density compares with the other rock types. Reasoning: Explain how its formation process made it denser than the others.

Pumice (Igneous) – formed when gas-filled lava cools quickly.

Sandstone (Sedimentary)-formed as layers of sand are compacted over time.

Marble (Metamorphic) – formed when limestone recrystallizes under heat and pressure.

Basalt (Igneous) – formed when lava cools at Earth’s surface.

Peridotite (Igneous)– formed deep in Earth’s mantle and made mostly of olivine, a green mineral rich in iron and magnesium.

Wikipedia

Global Surface Water Salinity: Where Is the Saltiest Water?

My NASA Data

1. Which areas of the world have the lowest salinity levels on the map? What might explain these patterns? 2. Compare the salinity of tropical regions to polar regions. How do differences in temperature and precipitation affect these salinity levels? 3.If a large river, like the Amazon, flows into the ocean, how might it affect the salinity in that region?

Credit:Our World in Data

Use Claim, Evidence, and Reasoning (CER) to explain how wildlife populations have changed from 1970 to 2020 based on the Living Planet Index. Claim: State how the average size of monitored wildlife populations has changed since 1970, based on the graph. Evidence: Use specific data from the graph (percentages and trends) to support your claim. Reasoning: Explain reasons why wildlife populations might be changing.

Frequency:Frequency is how fast something vibrates. It’s measured in Hertz (Hz), or vibrations per second. Example: 200 Hz means 200 vibrations each second. High pitch = high frequency = short wavelength → compressions are closer together. Low pitch = low frequency = long wavelength → compressions are farther apart. What makes the wave in instruments: Sound happens when something vibrates and makes the air vibrate too.

String instruments (violin, cello): the strings vibrate. Shorter/tighter strings vibrate faster (higher pitch); longer/looser vibrate slower (lower pitch).
Wind instruments (flute, trumpet, tuba): the air inside vibrates. Shorter air columns vibrate faster (higher pitch); longer ones vibrate slower (lower pitch).

1. What do you notice about the levels of carbon dioxide (CO₂) over the past 800,000 years?2. How does the increase in modern CO₂ levels differ from previous patterns?3. What might have caused the sudden rise in CO₂ levels starting in the modern era?

Why Daylight Changes Through the Year

Earth’s axis is tilted about 23.5°. As Earth orbits the Sun, the Northern Hemisphere is tilted toward the Sun around June and away around December. When tilted toward, the Sun’s noon elevation is higher and its daily path across the sky is longer, so daylight lasts longer; when tilted away, the elevation and path are smaller, so daylight is shorter. Around March and September, the axis is neither toward nor away; the Sun is over the equator and day and night are about 12 hours (equinoxes). The solstices (≈June 21 and ≈Dec 21) mark the longest and shortest daylight.

NASA Earth Observatory. (2015, April 17). Phytoplankton bloom in the North Atlantic Ocean [Satellite image]. NASA Visible Earth. https://visibleearth.nasa.gov/images/133044/phytoplankton-bloom-in-the-north-atlantic-ocean/133047l

Phytoplankton under a microscope

Phytoplankton are tiny ocean organisms that contain chlorophyll, the green pigment used in photosynthesis to make glucose (food) from sunlight. The chlorophyll concentration tells scientists how much phytoplankton is in the water. Phytoplankton need sunlight and nutrients to grow. Sunlight increases in spring and summer as days get longer. Nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus rise in surface waters during winter and early spring when storms and cold water mix the ocean layers. As surface waters warm in summer, mixing decreases, and fewer nutrients reach the surface, so chlorophyll levels drop. This pattern leads to spring blooms, large increases in phytoplankton growth, especially in the North Atlantic, where sunlight and nutrient conditions align in spring. These blooms are vital because phytoplankton form the base of the marine food web and help remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.

Gravity is the force that pulls objects toward a planet, measured in Newtons (N).Acceleration due to gravity is how fast an object's speed increases as it falls because of a planet's gravitational pull. It is measured in meters per second squared (m/s²). This value shows how quickly something would fall in a vacuum—an environment with no air to slow it down. The acceleration due to gravity on a planet is affected by two key factors:

Mass of the Planet – A larger mass means a stronger gravitational pull, increasing the acceleration of falling objects.
Radius of the Planet – A larger radius spreads the planet’s mass over a greater distance, reducing surface gravity. Even if two planets have the same mass, the one with a larger radius will have weaker gravity at the surface.

3.7 m/s2

8.9 m/s2

9.8 m/s2

3.7 m/s2

23.1 m/s2

9.0 m/s2

8.7 m/s2

11.0 m/s2

Gravity (m/s2)

Which planets have a higher acceleration due to gravity than Earth? Respond using Claim, Evidence, and Reasoning.Claim: Identify the planet(s) from the graph that show a higher gravitational acceleration than Earth. Evidence: Refer to specific values from the graph that compare Earth's gravitational acceleration with that of the other planets. Reasoning: Explain how the provided data supports your claim and discuss why these differences might exist based on planetary properties.

Planetary Properties

1. Which groups have similar numbers of species? 2. Which group has the most species, and how does it compare to the second-largest group? 3. Why do you think certain groups have so many more identified and named species than others? What factors could influence these numbers?

Gravity: A pulling force between objects with mass. Tide: The regular rise and fall of ocean water caused by the Moon’s and Sun’s gravity. High Tide: When ocean water is at its highest level. Low Tide: When ocean water is at its lowest level.

Tides happen because gravity from the Moon and Sun pulls on Earth’s oceans.

The Moon’s gravity pulls water toward it, causing a high tide on the side facing the Moon.
Another high tide forms on the opposite side of Earth, where water is left behind as the Earth is pulled slightly more than the water.
The Sun’s gravity also affects tides. When the Sun and Moon pull in the same direction (new moon or full moon), tides are extra high (spring tides). When they pull at right angles (first or last quarter moon), tides are smaller (neap tides).

Which taxonomic group has the most types of animals discovered so far? Respond using Claim, Evidence, Reasoning. Claim: Name the group with the most types of animals. Evidence: Use the numbers from the graph to as evidence of your claim. Reasoning: Connect your evidence to known scientific principles, such as how habitat variety, reproductive strategies, adaptation, size, mobility, or interactions with other organisms might explain why some groups have more species than others.

Which stage of the plastic lifecycle contributes the most to greenhouse gas emissions? Respond using Claim, Evidence, and Reasoning. Claim: Identify which stage of the plastic lifecycle (production and conversion or end-of-life) has the highest greenhouse gas emissions. Evidence:Use the data from the graph to support your claim. Reasoning: Explain why the evidence supports your claim by discussing the processes involved.

Use Claim, Evidence, and Reasoning (CER) to answer the following question: How does the duration of daylight change throughout the year in Chesapeake, Virginia? Claim: Write a clear statement that answers the question. Evidence: Use numbers or details from the graph to support your claim. Reasoning: Explain why the evidence supports your claim. Connect it to science ideas such as Earth’s tilt, revolution around the Sun, solstices, and equinoxes.

How has the timing of peak cherry blossom changed in Kyoto, Japan over time? Answer using Claim, Evidence, and Reasoning. Claim: Describe the change in when cherry blossoms reach their peak. Evidence: Use specific data from the graph to support your claim. Reasoning: Explain what might be causing this change over time.

Mass of the Planet – A larger mass means a stronger gravitational pull, increasing the acceleration of falling objects.
Radius of the Planet – A larger radius spreads the planet’s mass over a greater distance, reducing surface gravity. Even if two planets have the same mass, the one with a larger radius will have weaker gravity at the surface.

3.7 m/s2

8.9 m/s2

9.8 m/s2

3.7 m/s2

23.1 m/s2

9.0 m/s2

8.7 m/s2

11.0 m/s2

Gravity (m/s2)

1. Which planet’s acceleration due to gravity is closest to Earth’s value according to the graph? 2. If you dropped an object on each planet, on which planet would it accelerate the fastest? 3. How might a planet’s atmosphere affect the rate at which objects fall?

Planetary Properties

How does the way Earth’s water is distributed make usable water a limited resource? Answer using Claim, Evidence, and Reasoning. Claim: Explain how Earth’s water distribution affects the amount of water people can actually use. What makes it limited? Evidence: Use data from the pie charts to support your claim. Reasoning: Explain why most of Earth’s water is hard to use for people. Think about what kind of water people need, and why salt water, ice, or groundwater are not easy to use for drinking, farming, or everyday needs.

How has the world’s population changed over time? Respond using Claim, Evidence, Reasoning. Claim: Describe how the world population has changed over time. Evidence: Use the numbers from the graph to as evidence of your claim. Reasoning: Use scientific principle or understanding to explain why your evidence supports your claim.

A color minimum-maximum temperature map for September 2, 2019

National Centers for Environmental Prediction, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

According to the temperature maps from September 2, 2019, how do temperatures in the northern and southern parts of the continental United States compare? Claim: Make a claim about whether the northern or southern continental U.S. had higher temperatures overall. Evidence: Use information from the maps to support your claim. Reasoning: Use what you know about sunlight, latitude, and heating of Earth’s surface to explain how your evidence supports your claim.

62% Hydrogen

12% Carbon

24% Oxygen

65% Oxygen

19% Carbon

Hydrogen 10%

1. What factors affect the percentage by mass compared to the percentage by atoms for elements in the human body? 2. Why do you think hydrogen is the most abundant by atoms, but oxygen is the most abundant by mass in the human body?

How does the current level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere compare to levels over the past 800,000 years? Respond using Claim, Evidence, and Reasoning.Claim: State how the current CO2 levels compare to historical levels. Evidence: Use specific data points from the graph, such as the highest previous level (300 ppm) and the 2023 average (419.3 ppm). Reasoning: Use your understanding of the carbon cycle and human activities to explain why CO2 levels have changed so dramatically compared to historical fluctuations.

Background information

Scientists around the world track many animal populations to understand how wildlife is changing. The Living Planet Index (LPI) shows the average change in the size of the animal populations scientists have been able to study since 1970. The index starts at 100% in 1970, and when the line goes down, it means those monitored groups are smaller on average than they used to be. Scientists have found that the LPI has dropped by about 73% since 1970. This doesn’t mean all wildlife is disappearing. Some populations have grown, and some have declined only a little. But many populations have gotten much smaller, and that pulls the average down. The biggest reasons for these declines are things people are doing to the environment. Animals are losing their habitats when forests are cut down, when land is used for farms or buildings, and when waterways are changed or polluted. Climate change is also affecting where animals can live and find food. These pressures make it harder for many wildlife populations to survive and grow.

The Distance of Each Planet from the Sun

Average Distance (106 km)

57.9

108.2

149.6

228

778.5

1432

2867

4515

How does the distance of a planet from the Sun affect its mean surface temperature? Use Claim, Evidence, and Reasoning to explain the relationship. Claim: State how the distance from the Sun influences the mean temperature of a planet. Evidence: Use specific data from the graphs on the distance of each planet from the Sun and their mean temperatures to support your claim. Reasoning: Explain why the evidence supports your claim using scientific reasoning about how solar energy diminishes with distance, and other possible factors influencing planetary temperatures.

Mean Temperature of Each Planet

Mean Temperature (°C)

167°C

464°C

15°C

-65°C

-110°C

-140°C

-195°C

-200°C

The colored bands represent the visible wavelengths of light. The black curve shows how a star’s peak wavelength changes as its surface temperature increases.

Additional Information:

Waves with higher energies have shorter wavelengths.
Hotter stars radiate waves with higher energy.
Learn about Wein's Displacement Law (used to create this graph) @ https://www.omnicalculator.com/physics/wiens-law

1. At approximately what temperature does the peak wavelength of a star fall in the blue range of the visible spectrum? 2. What happens to the peak wavelength of light as a star’s surface temperature increases from 3,000 K to 9,000 K? If a star’s peak wavelength is around 700 nanometers, what can you infer about its surface temperature and color?

1. Which greenhouse gas is emitted in the highest amount during all lifecycle stages of plastic, and how much is it? 2. Compare the amount of carbon dioxide emitted in production and conversion to the end-of-life stage. 3. Which stage has higher emissions of carbon dioxide, and by how much? 4. Why do you think the end-of-life stage has lower overall greenhouse gas emissions than the production and conversion stage?

Sources:

Google Search (~0.0003 kWh per query) Source: Peter Chipkin

ChatGPT Question (~0.0029 kWh per query) Source: BestBrokers.com

Report Watching YouTube (10 minutes) (~0.005–0.006 kWh) Source: International Energy Agency (IEA) – The Carbon Footprint of Streaming

Video AI Image Generation (~0.011 kWh per image) Source: SlashGear article reporting Hugging Face & Carnegie Mellon University study

These estimates provide a comparative understanding of the energy consumption associated with various online activities. It's important to note that actual energy usage can vary based on factors such as device efficiency, network conditions, and the specific technologies employed.

Make a claim about the time of year and regions of the United States where tornadoes were most and least common in 2024. Claim: When and where were tornadoes most and least common in 2024? Evidence: Use specific information from the map and bar graph to support your claim. Reasoning: Explain why tornadoes might be more common in those times and places.

NOAA

Copy and paste this code into any website, LMS, or platform that accepts HTML to embed the content responsively:

Copy and paste this code into any website, LMS, or platform that accepts HTML to embed the content responsively:

1. Why do you think plastic items dominate the list of waste found in aquatic environments?2. How might waste from land-based sources, like cities and households, end up in rivers and oceans? 3. What are some possible environmental impacts of the most common waste items listed in the graph?

Pumice (Igneous) – formed when gas-filled lava cools quickly.

Sandstone (Sedimentary)-formed as layers of sand are compacted over time.

Marble (Metamorphic) – formed when limestone recrystallizes under heat and pressure.

Basalt (Igneous) – formed when lava cools at Earth’s surface.

Peridotite (Igneous)– formed deep in Earth’s mantle and made mostly of olivine, a green mineral rich in iron and magnesium.

Wikipedia

Credit:NOAA.gov

Use Claim, Evidence, and Reasoning (CER) to explain how many high and low tides occurred on October 21, 2025. Claim: State how many high tides and how many low tides occurred on October 21, 2025, based on the data in the graph. Evidence: Use specific data from the graph to support your claim. Reasoning: Explain why the tides follow this repeating pattern. In your explanation, include how the Moon’s gravity and Earth’s rotation work together to create high and low tides each day.

Additional Information:

All electromagnetic waves are light, but we can only see a small part called the visible spectrum.

Each color of visible light has a different wavelength — violet is shortest, red is longest.

Shorter wavelengths carry more energy, while longer wavelengths carry less.

The graph shows how color, wavelength, and energy are connected.

1. Which color of visible light has the shortest wavelength, and what does that tell you about its energy? 2. What happens to the energy of light as you move from red to violet on the spectrum? 3. If a light wave has a wavelength longer than red light, is it visible or invisible to the human eye?

View

Discover Your AI Assistant

View

Urban Illustrated Presentation

View

Geographical Challenge: Drag to the map

View

Decisions and Behaviors in the Workplace

View

Tangram Game

View

Process Flow: Corporate Recruitment

View

Weekly Corporate Challenge

Graph of the Week

Start designing with a free template

View

Discover Your AI Assistant

View

Urban Illustrated Presentation

View

Geographical Challenge: Drag to the map

View

Decisions and Behaviors in the Workplace

View

Tangram Game

View

Process Flow: Corporate Recruitment

View

Weekly Corporate Challenge

Transcript

Hearing Frequency Ranges

0 Hz

20 Hz

20000 Hz

To share a link, simply copy and paste this URL into any website, LMS, or platform to allow users to view the content directly:

Hearing Frequency Ranges

To share a link, simply copy and paste this URL into any website, LMS, or platform to allow users to view the content directly:

Hearing Frequency Ranges

Sources:

Copy and paste this code into any website, LMS, or platform that accepts HTML to embed the content responsively:

Copy and paste this code into any website, LMS, or platform that accepts HTML to embed the content responsively: