Introduction to anatomy
By: José Alberto Hernández Castillo
What is anatomy?
Anatmy es the scientific study of the body´s structures. In this science is involved the technique of disection
Specialization of anatomy
Gross Anatomy: This refers to the study of the larger structures of the body Microscopic Anatomy: Study of structures observed with the use of a microscope
Study of the microscopic structure and composition of tissues and organs in plants and animals
Study of cells, their structure, function, origin, and pathology
VS
Citology
Histology
Study of anatomy by region of the body
Study of anatomy by organ siystem
VS
Systemic anatomy
Regional Anatomy
Body Systems
Integumentary System: Forms the external body covering Skeletal System: Protects and supports body organs Muscular System: Allows manipulation of the environment, locomotor and facial expression Nervous System: Fast-acting control system of the body Endocrine System: Glands secrete hormones that regulate processes such as growth Cardiovascular System: Blood vessels transport blood, which carries oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, wastes, etc. Lymphatic System: Response mounts the attack against foreign substances within the body Respiratory System: Keeps blood constantly supplied with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide Digestive System: Breaks down food into absorbable units that enter thee blood for distribution to body cells Urinary System: Eliminates nitrogenous wastes form the body Reproductive System: Is in charge of the reproduction of the organism
Physiology
Is the scientific study of the chemistry and physics of the structures of the body and the ways in which they work together to support the functions of life.
Structural Organization
Atomic Leve: Smallest unit of an element Molecular Level: Atoms combine to form molecules Cellular level: Cells are the smallest unit of life Tissue Level: Group of cells with similar functions Organ Level: Two or more types of tissues that work together Organ System Level: Group of organs that carries out more generalized set of functions Organism Level: Has several organs systems that work together
Requirements for life
Oxygen: Oxygen is a key component of the chemical reactions that keep the body alive, including the reactions that produce ATP Nutrients: A substance in foods and beverages that is essential to human survival Narrow range of temperature: When body temperature rises well above or drops well below normal, certain proteins (enzymes) that facilitate chemical reactions lose their normal structure and their ability to function and the chemical reactions of metabolism cannot proceed Narrow Range of Atmospheric Pressure: Atmospheric pressure does more than just keep blood gases dissolved. Your ability to breathe also depends upon a precise atmospheric pressure
Questions
What do you understand by the term "gross anatomy"? The study of the non-microscopic systems of the body Can you name any major parts of the human body? Torso, arm, hand, leg, head, chest, feet, etc. Why do you think it is important to study the anatomy of the human body? Is important because it helps us to understand our body, to heal major wounds, and their processes
Description
The human body has several cavities that house important organs. These cavities are essential for the protection and organization of our internal structures. The main cavities include: Cranial, thoracic, abdominal, pelvic, spinal, and pericardial
Description
To effectively study and describe the body, we use anatomical planes. These are imaginary lines that divide the body into sections: Coronal, Saggital, and Transverse plane
Description
When discussing human gross anatomy, specific terms are used to provide clear and precise descriptions. Some common anatomical terms include: Medial, bidy planes, anatomical position, etc.
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