Cybersecurity Guidance Issued
Durbin Amendment Implementation
Basel III Implementation
Volcker Rule Finalized
2010
Dodd-Frank ActPassed
2015
2014
2013
2011
TLAC (Total Loss-Absorbing Capacity)
Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief, and Consumer Protection Act
Revised Volcker Rule
Stress Testing Enhancements
LIBOR Transition
MiFID II Implementation
2019
2016
2018
Guidance on Guidance
LIBOR Deadline Extension
Fed’s Relaxation of Bank Leverage Rules
CARES Act and COVID-19 Response
CECL
2020
2021
CCyB
Anti-Money Laundering Act
Climate Risk Supervision
Executive Order on Digital Assets
Biden Administration's Antitrust Agenda
Reg II Key Milestones
Cyber Incident Reporting (CIRCIA)
2022
2023
Climate Risk Reporting Rules
2024
CFPB Rule on Section 1033
The Past 15 Years of Banking Policy Shifts: BPI's Key Milestones from 2010 - 2025
Regulation II: A Historical Timeline
Return
As part of the Dodd-Frank Act, Regulation II established limits on debit card interchange fees and set rules to ensure fair competition in payment card networks. It aimed to reduce costs for merchants and increase transparency in the debit card market.
2024
Jan. 22
2024
May 12
20xx
Plan
2022
Dec. 22
Giant Chain Stores Take Advantage of Their Extension to Lobby State Legislatures
Federal Reserve Proposes to Lower Debit Interchange Fees
Banks and Credit Unions Express Unanimous Opposition
Merchants Lobby the Federal Reserve to Fix Prices
Comment Deadline Extended
2023
Oct. 25
2024
Feb. 7
Learn More
Banks and Credit Unions Express Unanimous Opposition
Banks and credit unions of all sizes joined forces to unanimously oppose the proposal. They argued in comments to the Federal Reserve that the proposal would harm consumers, banks and credit unions and would violate the law.
Countercyclical Capital Buffer (CCyB):
The Countercyclical Capital Buffer (CCyB), requires banks to maintain additional capital during periods of economic growth to protect against potential financial downturns. This regulation aims to ensure that banks have sufficient capital to absorb losses during times of financial stress, promoting stability in the financial system.
LIBOR Transition
The London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) began its phase-out as a benchmark for interest rates, with regulators pushing banks to transition to alternative rates like the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) by the end of 2021.
LIBOR Transition
The London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) began its phase-out as a benchmark for interest rates, with regulators pushing banks to transition to alternative rates like the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) by the end of 2021.
Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief, and Consumer Protection Act:
Congress rolled back some provisions of Dodd-Frank, easing regulations for small and medium-sized banks by increasing the threshold for stress testing and other regulatory requirements.
LIBOR Deadline Extension:
Regulators extended the deadline for most LIBOR contracts to cease by mid-2023, allowing more time for the transition to alternative reference rates like SOFR.
CFPB Rule on Section 1033 and BPI's Legal Challenge
The CFPB's rule on Section 1033 mandates that financial institutions provide consumers with access to their financial data. This rule is intended to enhance transparency and empower consumers in managing their finances. However, the Bank Policy Institute (BPI) has filed a lawsuit, arguing that the rule imposes significant operational challenges and compliance burdens on banks, potentially impacting service delivery and data security.
Revised Volcker Rule:
The rule was modified to simplify compliance, especially for smaller banks, while still maintaining prohibitions on risky speculative trading by large banks.
Climate Risk Reporting Rules:
The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) began proposing rules requiring large financial institutions to disclose their climate risks and related financial impacts.
MiFID II Implementation:
The European Union implemented the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive II (MiFID II), which aimed to increase transparency and investor protection in financial markets.
FDIC’s Expanded Deposit Insurance Proposal:
In response to banking sector instability following the collapse of Silicon Valley Bank (SVB), the FDIC proposed an increase in deposit insurance limits to address future bank runs and boost public confidence in the banking system.
Fed’s Relaxation of Bank Leverage Rules:
The Federal Reserve temporarily eased rules on the Supplementary Leverage Ratio (SLR) to help banks continue lending during the COVID-19 pandemic.
TLAC (Total Loss-Absorbing Capacity):
The Financial Stability Board introduced the TLAC standard for globally systemically important banks (G-SIBs), which requires them to maintain a minimum level of financial resources to absorb losses in a failure.
Guidance on Guidance
"Guidance on Guidance" refers to the regulatory and supervisory frameworks provided by financial authorities to ensure consistent interpretation and application of financial rules. It clarifies how institutions should interpret and comply with existing regulations, helping to reduce ambiguity and improve compliance across the sector.
Durbin Amendment Implementation
In 2011, the Durbin Amendment was implemented, capping debit card interchange fees and requiring merchants to have access to multiple payment processing networks. This regulation aimed to reduce costs for businesses and increase transparency in payment systems, fostering competition and protecting consumers.
Revised Volcker Rule:
The rule was modified to simplify compliance, especially for smaller banks, while still maintaining prohibitions on risky speculative trading by large banks.
Anti-Money Laundering Act (AMLA) Update
The Anti-Money Laundering Act of 2020, implemented in 2021, introduced the most extensive updates to U.S. AML laws in decades. Key reforms included a beneficial ownership registry to track shell companies and a whistleblower program to encourage reporting of financial crimes. These changes significantly enhanced transparency, accountability, and regulatory oversight within the financial sector.
Fed’s Relaxation of Bank Leverage Rules:
The Federal Reserve temporarily eased rules on the Supplementary Leverage Ratio (SLR) to help banks continue lending during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Cyber Incident Reporting for Critical Infrastructure Act (CIRCIA)
Enacted in 2022, the Cyber Incident Reporting for Critical Infrastructure Act (CIRCIA) requires critical infrastructure organizations to report significant cyber incidents to the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) within 72 hours. This law aims to strengthen national cybersecurity by enhancing rapid response, threat assessment, and coordination in protecting critical infrastructure sectors.
Current Expected Credit Loss (CECL) Standard
Implemented in 2020, the Current Expected Credit Loss (CECL) standard requires financial institutions to estimate and report expected credit losses over the life of loans. This forward-looking approach aims to improve transparency and resilience by helping banks better prepare for potential loan losses, enhancing overall financial stability.
Stress Testing Enhancements:
The Federal Reserve updated its Comprehensive Capital Analysis and Review (CCAR) and Dodd-Frank Act Stress Testing (DFAST) frameworks, increasing the rigor of stress tests for large financial institutions.
Merchants Lobby the Federal Reserve to Fix Prices
Trade associations representing giant chain stores petitioned the Federal Reserve asking it to intervene by lowering the existing legal limit on debit card interchange fees.
TLAC (Total Loss-Absorbing Capacity):
The Financial Stability Board introduced the TLAC standard for globally systemically important banks (G-SIBs), which requires them to maintain a minimum level of financial resources to absorb losses in a failure.
Basel III Implementations
Resources
Global banks began implementing Basel III requirements to strengthen bank capital requirements, introduce new regulatory liquidity requirements, and improve bank leverage ratios.
- Basel Finalization: The History and Implications for Capital Regulation – Part I
Basel III Implementation:
Learn More >>
- Basel Finalization: The History and Implications for Capital Regulation – Part II
- Basel Finalization: The History and Implications for Capital Regulation – Part III
The proposal will have real consequences for everyday Americans. Learn more >>
- Calibrating Bank Capital Requirements
Global banks began implementing Basel III requirements to strengthen bank capital requirements, introduce new regulatory liquidity requirements, and improve bank leverage ratios.
- Looking for a Needle in the Capital Stacks
- Striking the Basel Balance
- The European Approach to Implementation
- Rising Credit Costs for American Businesses
- What Is the Current State of Bank Capital in the U.S.?
Learn More Here
Dodd-Frank Act
Ongoing enforcement of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010, including new regulations for risk management and capital requirements. Key elements like the Volcker Rule, which limits proprietary trading by banks, came into effect.
CARES Act and COVID-19 Response:
The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act provided $2 trillion in economic stimulus, including support for banks to administer Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) loans. Regulators offered temporary relief on capital and liquidity requirements.
Cybersecurity Guidance Issued
Regulators released cybersecurity guidance for financial institutions to help them address growing cyber threats. The guidance outlined key measures to protect sensitive data, strengthen risk management, and improve overall security practices.
Giant Chain Stores Take Advantage of Their Extension to Lobby State Legislatures
Giant chain stores leveraged the extension to seek additional carveouts in states like Illinois that would exempt merchants from paying interchange fees on select transaction segments like state sales tax.
Revised Volcker Rule:
The rule was modified to simplify compliance, especially for smaller banks, while still maintaining prohibitions on risky speculative trading by large banks.
Biden Administration's Antitrust Agenda:
The administration strengthened antitrust enforcement, influencing the banking sector’s M&A activities and practices related to market concentration.
CARES Act and COVID-19 Response:
The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act provided $2 trillion in economic stimulus, including support for banks to administer Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) loans. Regulators offered temporary relief on capital and liquidity requirements.
Anti-Money Laundering Act (AMLA) Update
The Anti-Money Laundering Act of 2020, implemented in 2021, introduced the most extensive updates to U.S. AML laws in decades. Key reforms included a beneficial ownership registry to track shell companies and a whistleblower program to encourage reporting of financial crimes. These changes significantly enhanced transparency, accountability, and regulatory oversight within the financial sector.
LIBOR Transition
The London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) began its phase-out as a benchmark for interest rates, with regulators pushing banks to transition to alternative rates like the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) by the end of 2021.
Executive Order on Digital Assets:
The U.S. issued an Executive Order to regulate cryptocurrencies and digital assets, focusing on consumer protection, financial stability, and illicit finance risks.
Stress Testing Enhancements:
The Federal Reserve updated its Comprehensive Capital Analysis and Review (CCAR) and Dodd-Frank Act Stress Testing (DFAST) frameworks, increasing the rigor of stress tests for large financial institutions.
Volcker Rule Finalized
In 2013, the Volcker Rule was finalized, prohibiting banks from engaging in proprietary trading and limiting investments in hedge funds and private equity. This measure aimed to reduce risk and protect consumers following the 2008 financial crisis.
Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief, and Consumer Protection Act:
Congress rolled back some provisions of Dodd-Frank, easing regulations for small and medium-sized banks by increasing the threshold for stress testing and other regulatory requirements.
Federal Reserve Proposes to Lower Debit Interchange Fees
The Federal Reserve responds to the merchants request with a new limit on the amount banks can charge to facilitate debit card transactions, often referred to as interchange fees.
Basel III Implementations
Resources
Global banks began implementing Basel III requirements to strengthen bank capital requirements, introduce new regulatory liquidity requirements, and improve bank leverage ratios.
- Basel Finalization: The History and Implications for Capital Regulation – Part I
Basel III Implementation:
Learn More >>
- Basel Finalization: The History and Implications for Capital Regulation – Part II
- Basel Finalization: The History and Implications for Capital Regulation – Part III
The proposal will have real consequences for everyday Americans. Learn more >>
- Calibrating Bank Capital Requirements
Global banks began implementing Basel III requirements to strengthen bank capital requirements, introduce new regulatory liquidity requirements, and improve bank leverage ratios.
- Looking for a Needle in the Capital Stacks
- Striking the Basel Balance
- The European Approach to Implementation
- Rising Credit Costs for American Businesses
- What Is the Current State of Bank Capital in the U.S.?
Learn More Here
EU Payment Services Directive (PSD2):
The PSD2 legislation was adopted, fundamentally changing how banks interact with third-party payment providers, promoting open banking across Europe.
Dodd-Frank Act Developments:
Ongoing enforcement of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010, including new regulations for risk management and capital requirements. Key elements like the Volcker Rule, which limits proprietary trading by banks, came into effect.
Guidance on Guidance
"Guidance on Guidance" refers to the regulatory and supervisory frameworks provided by financial authorities to ensure consistent interpretation and application of financial rules. It clarifies how institutions should interpret and comply with existing regulations, helping to reduce ambiguity and improve compliance across the sector.
CFPB Rule on Section 1033 and BPI's Legal Challenge
The CFPB's rule on Section 1033 mandates that financial institutions provide consumers with access to their financial data. This rule is intended to enhance transparency and empower consumers in managing their finances. However, the Bank Policy Institute (BPI) filed a lawsuit, arguing that the rule imposes significant operational challenges and compliance burdens on banks, potentially impacting service delivery and data security.
CARES Act and COVID-19 Response:
The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act provided $2 trillion in economic stimulus, including support for banks to administer Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) loans. Regulators offered temporary relief on capital and liquidity requirements.
Executive Order on Digital Assets:
The U.S. issued an Executive Order to regulate cryptocurrencies and digital assets, focusing on consumer protection, financial stability, and illicit finance risks.
Comment Deadline Extended
The Federal Reserve announced on January 22, 2024 that it would extend the comment period deadline from February 12, 2024 to May 12, 2024.
Tax Cuts and Jobs Act:
The U.S. passed significant tax reforms impacting banking, including reducing corporate tax rates. Banks reported substantial windfalls due to tax changes, affecting capital planning and dividends.
Climate Risk Reporting Rules:
The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) began proposing rules requiring large financial institutions to disclose their climate risks and related financial impacts.
Biden Administration's Antitrust Agenda:
The administration strengthened antitrust enforcement, influencing the banking sector’s M&A activities and practices related to market concentration.
CFPB Rule on Section 1033 and BPI's Legal Challenge
The CFPB's rule on Section 1033 mandates that financial institutions provide consumers with access to their financial data. This rule is intended to enhance transparency and empower consumers in managing their finances. However, the Bank Policy Institute (BPI) filed a lawsuit, arguing that the rule imposes significant operational challenges and compliance burdens on banks, potentially impacting service delivery and data security.
TLAC (Total Loss-Absorbing Capacity):
The Financial Stability Board introduced the TLAC standard for globally systemically important banks (G-SIBs), which requires them to maintain a minimum level of financial resources to absorb losses in a failure.
Basel III Implementation:
Global banks began implementing Basel III requirements to strengthen bank capital requirements, introduce new regulatory liquidity requirements, and improve bank leverage ratios.
Learn More Here
Climate Risk Supervision:
Central banks, including the U.S. Federal Reserve and European Central Bank, increased focus on climate-related financial risks, signaling potential future regulations.
Current Expected Credit Loss (CECL) Standard
Implemented in 2020, the Current Expected Credit Loss (CECL) standard requires financial institutions to estimate and report expected credit losses over the life of loans. This forward-looking approach aims to improve transparency and resilience by helping banks better prepare for potential loan losses, enhancing overall financial stability.
MiFID II Implementation:
The European Union implemented the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive II (MiFID II), which aimed to increase transparency and investor protection in financial markets.
Executive Order on Digital Assets:
The U.S. issued an Executive Order to regulate cryptocurrencies and digital assets, focusing on consumer protection, financial stability, and illicit finance risks.
Cyber Incident Reporting for Critical Infrastructure Act (CIRCIA)
Enacted in 2022, the Cyber Incident Reporting for Critical Infrastructure Act (CIRCIA) requires critical infrastructure organizations to report significant cyber incidents to the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) within 72 hours. This law aims to strengthen national cybersecurity by enhancing rapid response, threat assessment, and coordination in protecting critical infrastructure sectors.
Climate Risk Reporting Rules:
The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) began proposing rules requiring large financial institutions to disclose their climate risks and related financial impacts.
Climate Risk Reporting Rules:
The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) began proposing rules requiring large financial institutions to disclose their climate risks and related financial impacts.
Stress Testing Enhancements:
The Federal Reserve updated its Comprehensive Capital Analysis and Review (CCAR) and Dodd-Frank Act Stress Testing (DFAST) frameworks, increasing the rigor of stress tests for large financial institutions.
Climate Risk Supervision:
Central banks, including the U.S. Federal Reserve and European Central Bank, increased focus on climate-related financial risks, signaling potential future regulations.
LIBOR Deadline Extension:
Regulators extended the deadline for most LIBOR contracts to cease by mid-2023, allowing more time for the transition to alternative reference rates like SOFR.
Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief, and Consumer Protection Act:
Congress rolled back some provisions of Dodd-Frank, easing regulations for small and medium-sized banks by increasing the threshold for stress testing and other regulatory requirements.
LIBOR Deadline Extension:
Regulators extended the deadline for most LIBOR contracts to cease by mid-2023, allowing more time for the transition to alternative reference rates like SOFR.
MiFID II Implementation:
The European Union implemented the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive II (MiFID II), which aimed to increase transparency and investor protection in financial markets.
Countercyclical Capital Buffer (CCyB):
The Countercyclical Capital Buffer (CCyB), requires banks to maintain additional capital during periods of economic growth to protect against potential financial downturns. This regulation aims to ensure that banks have sufficient capital to absorb losses during times of financial stress, promoting stability in the financial system.
Dodd-Frank Act
In 2010, the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act was passed in response to the 2008 financial crisis. The law aimed to increase transparency, reduce systemic risk, and protect consumers by implementing stricter regulations on financial institutions and establishing new oversight mechanisms.
Fed’s Relaxation of Bank Leverage Rules:
The Federal Reserve temporarily eased rules on the Supplementary Leverage Ratio (SLR) to help banks continue lending during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Climate Risk Supervision:
Central banks, including the U.S. Federal Reserve and European Central Bank, increased focus on climate-related financial risks, signaling potential future regulations.
Biden Administration's Antitrust Agenda:
The administration strengthened antitrust enforcement, influencing the banking sector’s M&A activities and practices related to market concentration.
The Past 15 Years of Banking Policy Shifts: BPI's Key Milestones from
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Transcript
Cybersecurity Guidance Issued
Durbin Amendment Implementation
Basel III Implementation
Volcker Rule Finalized
2010
Dodd-Frank ActPassed
2015
2014
2013
2011
TLAC (Total Loss-Absorbing Capacity)
Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief, and Consumer Protection Act
Revised Volcker Rule
Stress Testing Enhancements
LIBOR Transition
MiFID II Implementation
2019
2016
2018
Guidance on Guidance
LIBOR Deadline Extension
Fed’s Relaxation of Bank Leverage Rules
CARES Act and COVID-19 Response
CECL
2020
2021
CCyB
Anti-Money Laundering Act
Climate Risk Supervision
Executive Order on Digital Assets
Biden Administration's Antitrust Agenda
Reg II Key Milestones
Cyber Incident Reporting (CIRCIA)
2022
2023
Climate Risk Reporting Rules
2024
CFPB Rule on Section 1033
The Past 15 Years of Banking Policy Shifts: BPI's Key Milestones from 2010 - 2025
Regulation II: A Historical Timeline
Return
As part of the Dodd-Frank Act, Regulation II established limits on debit card interchange fees and set rules to ensure fair competition in payment card networks. It aimed to reduce costs for merchants and increase transparency in the debit card market.
2024
Jan. 22
2024
May 12
20xx
Plan
2022
Dec. 22
Giant Chain Stores Take Advantage of Their Extension to Lobby State Legislatures
Federal Reserve Proposes to Lower Debit Interchange Fees
Banks and Credit Unions Express Unanimous Opposition
Merchants Lobby the Federal Reserve to Fix Prices
Comment Deadline Extended
2023
Oct. 25
2024
Feb. 7
Learn More
Banks and Credit Unions Express Unanimous Opposition
Banks and credit unions of all sizes joined forces to unanimously oppose the proposal. They argued in comments to the Federal Reserve that the proposal would harm consumers, banks and credit unions and would violate the law.
Countercyclical Capital Buffer (CCyB):
The Countercyclical Capital Buffer (CCyB), requires banks to maintain additional capital during periods of economic growth to protect against potential financial downturns. This regulation aims to ensure that banks have sufficient capital to absorb losses during times of financial stress, promoting stability in the financial system.
LIBOR Transition
The London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) began its phase-out as a benchmark for interest rates, with regulators pushing banks to transition to alternative rates like the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) by the end of 2021.
LIBOR Transition
The London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) began its phase-out as a benchmark for interest rates, with regulators pushing banks to transition to alternative rates like the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) by the end of 2021.
Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief, and Consumer Protection Act:
Congress rolled back some provisions of Dodd-Frank, easing regulations for small and medium-sized banks by increasing the threshold for stress testing and other regulatory requirements.
LIBOR Deadline Extension:
Regulators extended the deadline for most LIBOR contracts to cease by mid-2023, allowing more time for the transition to alternative reference rates like SOFR.
CFPB Rule on Section 1033 and BPI's Legal Challenge
The CFPB's rule on Section 1033 mandates that financial institutions provide consumers with access to their financial data. This rule is intended to enhance transparency and empower consumers in managing their finances. However, the Bank Policy Institute (BPI) has filed a lawsuit, arguing that the rule imposes significant operational challenges and compliance burdens on banks, potentially impacting service delivery and data security.
Revised Volcker Rule:
The rule was modified to simplify compliance, especially for smaller banks, while still maintaining prohibitions on risky speculative trading by large banks.
Climate Risk Reporting Rules:
The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) began proposing rules requiring large financial institutions to disclose their climate risks and related financial impacts.
MiFID II Implementation:
The European Union implemented the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive II (MiFID II), which aimed to increase transparency and investor protection in financial markets.
FDIC’s Expanded Deposit Insurance Proposal:
In response to banking sector instability following the collapse of Silicon Valley Bank (SVB), the FDIC proposed an increase in deposit insurance limits to address future bank runs and boost public confidence in the banking system.
Fed’s Relaxation of Bank Leverage Rules:
The Federal Reserve temporarily eased rules on the Supplementary Leverage Ratio (SLR) to help banks continue lending during the COVID-19 pandemic.
TLAC (Total Loss-Absorbing Capacity):
The Financial Stability Board introduced the TLAC standard for globally systemically important banks (G-SIBs), which requires them to maintain a minimum level of financial resources to absorb losses in a failure.
Guidance on Guidance
"Guidance on Guidance" refers to the regulatory and supervisory frameworks provided by financial authorities to ensure consistent interpretation and application of financial rules. It clarifies how institutions should interpret and comply with existing regulations, helping to reduce ambiguity and improve compliance across the sector.
Durbin Amendment Implementation
In 2011, the Durbin Amendment was implemented, capping debit card interchange fees and requiring merchants to have access to multiple payment processing networks. This regulation aimed to reduce costs for businesses and increase transparency in payment systems, fostering competition and protecting consumers.
Revised Volcker Rule:
The rule was modified to simplify compliance, especially for smaller banks, while still maintaining prohibitions on risky speculative trading by large banks.
Anti-Money Laundering Act (AMLA) Update
The Anti-Money Laundering Act of 2020, implemented in 2021, introduced the most extensive updates to U.S. AML laws in decades. Key reforms included a beneficial ownership registry to track shell companies and a whistleblower program to encourage reporting of financial crimes. These changes significantly enhanced transparency, accountability, and regulatory oversight within the financial sector.
Fed’s Relaxation of Bank Leverage Rules:
The Federal Reserve temporarily eased rules on the Supplementary Leverage Ratio (SLR) to help banks continue lending during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Cyber Incident Reporting for Critical Infrastructure Act (CIRCIA)
Enacted in 2022, the Cyber Incident Reporting for Critical Infrastructure Act (CIRCIA) requires critical infrastructure organizations to report significant cyber incidents to the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) within 72 hours. This law aims to strengthen national cybersecurity by enhancing rapid response, threat assessment, and coordination in protecting critical infrastructure sectors.
Current Expected Credit Loss (CECL) Standard
Implemented in 2020, the Current Expected Credit Loss (CECL) standard requires financial institutions to estimate and report expected credit losses over the life of loans. This forward-looking approach aims to improve transparency and resilience by helping banks better prepare for potential loan losses, enhancing overall financial stability.
Stress Testing Enhancements:
The Federal Reserve updated its Comprehensive Capital Analysis and Review (CCAR) and Dodd-Frank Act Stress Testing (DFAST) frameworks, increasing the rigor of stress tests for large financial institutions.
Merchants Lobby the Federal Reserve to Fix Prices
Trade associations representing giant chain stores petitioned the Federal Reserve asking it to intervene by lowering the existing legal limit on debit card interchange fees.
TLAC (Total Loss-Absorbing Capacity):
The Financial Stability Board introduced the TLAC standard for globally systemically important banks (G-SIBs), which requires them to maintain a minimum level of financial resources to absorb losses in a failure.
Basel III Implementations
Resources
Global banks began implementing Basel III requirements to strengthen bank capital requirements, introduce new regulatory liquidity requirements, and improve bank leverage ratios.
Basel III Implementation:
Learn More >>
The proposal will have real consequences for everyday Americans. Learn more >>
Global banks began implementing Basel III requirements to strengthen bank capital requirements, introduce new regulatory liquidity requirements, and improve bank leverage ratios.
Learn More Here
Dodd-Frank Act
Ongoing enforcement of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010, including new regulations for risk management and capital requirements. Key elements like the Volcker Rule, which limits proprietary trading by banks, came into effect.
CARES Act and COVID-19 Response:
The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act provided $2 trillion in economic stimulus, including support for banks to administer Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) loans. Regulators offered temporary relief on capital and liquidity requirements.
Cybersecurity Guidance Issued
Regulators released cybersecurity guidance for financial institutions to help them address growing cyber threats. The guidance outlined key measures to protect sensitive data, strengthen risk management, and improve overall security practices.
Giant Chain Stores Take Advantage of Their Extension to Lobby State Legislatures
Giant chain stores leveraged the extension to seek additional carveouts in states like Illinois that would exempt merchants from paying interchange fees on select transaction segments like state sales tax.
Revised Volcker Rule:
The rule was modified to simplify compliance, especially for smaller banks, while still maintaining prohibitions on risky speculative trading by large banks.
Biden Administration's Antitrust Agenda:
The administration strengthened antitrust enforcement, influencing the banking sector’s M&A activities and practices related to market concentration.
CARES Act and COVID-19 Response:
The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act provided $2 trillion in economic stimulus, including support for banks to administer Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) loans. Regulators offered temporary relief on capital and liquidity requirements.
Anti-Money Laundering Act (AMLA) Update
The Anti-Money Laundering Act of 2020, implemented in 2021, introduced the most extensive updates to U.S. AML laws in decades. Key reforms included a beneficial ownership registry to track shell companies and a whistleblower program to encourage reporting of financial crimes. These changes significantly enhanced transparency, accountability, and regulatory oversight within the financial sector.
LIBOR Transition
The London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) began its phase-out as a benchmark for interest rates, with regulators pushing banks to transition to alternative rates like the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) by the end of 2021.
Executive Order on Digital Assets:
The U.S. issued an Executive Order to regulate cryptocurrencies and digital assets, focusing on consumer protection, financial stability, and illicit finance risks.
Stress Testing Enhancements:
The Federal Reserve updated its Comprehensive Capital Analysis and Review (CCAR) and Dodd-Frank Act Stress Testing (DFAST) frameworks, increasing the rigor of stress tests for large financial institutions.
Volcker Rule Finalized
In 2013, the Volcker Rule was finalized, prohibiting banks from engaging in proprietary trading and limiting investments in hedge funds and private equity. This measure aimed to reduce risk and protect consumers following the 2008 financial crisis.
Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief, and Consumer Protection Act:
Congress rolled back some provisions of Dodd-Frank, easing regulations for small and medium-sized banks by increasing the threshold for stress testing and other regulatory requirements.
Federal Reserve Proposes to Lower Debit Interchange Fees
The Federal Reserve responds to the merchants request with a new limit on the amount banks can charge to facilitate debit card transactions, often referred to as interchange fees.
Basel III Implementations
Resources
Global banks began implementing Basel III requirements to strengthen bank capital requirements, introduce new regulatory liquidity requirements, and improve bank leverage ratios.
Basel III Implementation:
Learn More >>
The proposal will have real consequences for everyday Americans. Learn more >>
Global banks began implementing Basel III requirements to strengthen bank capital requirements, introduce new regulatory liquidity requirements, and improve bank leverage ratios.
Learn More Here
EU Payment Services Directive (PSD2):
The PSD2 legislation was adopted, fundamentally changing how banks interact with third-party payment providers, promoting open banking across Europe.
Dodd-Frank Act Developments:
Ongoing enforcement of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010, including new regulations for risk management and capital requirements. Key elements like the Volcker Rule, which limits proprietary trading by banks, came into effect.
Guidance on Guidance
"Guidance on Guidance" refers to the regulatory and supervisory frameworks provided by financial authorities to ensure consistent interpretation and application of financial rules. It clarifies how institutions should interpret and comply with existing regulations, helping to reduce ambiguity and improve compliance across the sector.
CFPB Rule on Section 1033 and BPI's Legal Challenge
The CFPB's rule on Section 1033 mandates that financial institutions provide consumers with access to their financial data. This rule is intended to enhance transparency and empower consumers in managing their finances. However, the Bank Policy Institute (BPI) filed a lawsuit, arguing that the rule imposes significant operational challenges and compliance burdens on banks, potentially impacting service delivery and data security.
CARES Act and COVID-19 Response:
The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act provided $2 trillion in economic stimulus, including support for banks to administer Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) loans. Regulators offered temporary relief on capital and liquidity requirements.
Executive Order on Digital Assets:
The U.S. issued an Executive Order to regulate cryptocurrencies and digital assets, focusing on consumer protection, financial stability, and illicit finance risks.
Comment Deadline Extended
The Federal Reserve announced on January 22, 2024 that it would extend the comment period deadline from February 12, 2024 to May 12, 2024.
Tax Cuts and Jobs Act:
The U.S. passed significant tax reforms impacting banking, including reducing corporate tax rates. Banks reported substantial windfalls due to tax changes, affecting capital planning and dividends.
Climate Risk Reporting Rules:
The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) began proposing rules requiring large financial institutions to disclose their climate risks and related financial impacts.
Biden Administration's Antitrust Agenda:
The administration strengthened antitrust enforcement, influencing the banking sector’s M&A activities and practices related to market concentration.
CFPB Rule on Section 1033 and BPI's Legal Challenge
The CFPB's rule on Section 1033 mandates that financial institutions provide consumers with access to their financial data. This rule is intended to enhance transparency and empower consumers in managing their finances. However, the Bank Policy Institute (BPI) filed a lawsuit, arguing that the rule imposes significant operational challenges and compliance burdens on banks, potentially impacting service delivery and data security.
TLAC (Total Loss-Absorbing Capacity):
The Financial Stability Board introduced the TLAC standard for globally systemically important banks (G-SIBs), which requires them to maintain a minimum level of financial resources to absorb losses in a failure.
Basel III Implementation:
Global banks began implementing Basel III requirements to strengthen bank capital requirements, introduce new regulatory liquidity requirements, and improve bank leverage ratios.
Learn More Here
Climate Risk Supervision:
Central banks, including the U.S. Federal Reserve and European Central Bank, increased focus on climate-related financial risks, signaling potential future regulations.
Current Expected Credit Loss (CECL) Standard
Implemented in 2020, the Current Expected Credit Loss (CECL) standard requires financial institutions to estimate and report expected credit losses over the life of loans. This forward-looking approach aims to improve transparency and resilience by helping banks better prepare for potential loan losses, enhancing overall financial stability.
MiFID II Implementation:
The European Union implemented the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive II (MiFID II), which aimed to increase transparency and investor protection in financial markets.
Executive Order on Digital Assets:
The U.S. issued an Executive Order to regulate cryptocurrencies and digital assets, focusing on consumer protection, financial stability, and illicit finance risks.
Cyber Incident Reporting for Critical Infrastructure Act (CIRCIA)
Enacted in 2022, the Cyber Incident Reporting for Critical Infrastructure Act (CIRCIA) requires critical infrastructure organizations to report significant cyber incidents to the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) within 72 hours. This law aims to strengthen national cybersecurity by enhancing rapid response, threat assessment, and coordination in protecting critical infrastructure sectors.
Climate Risk Reporting Rules:
The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) began proposing rules requiring large financial institutions to disclose their climate risks and related financial impacts.
Climate Risk Reporting Rules:
The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) began proposing rules requiring large financial institutions to disclose their climate risks and related financial impacts.
Stress Testing Enhancements:
The Federal Reserve updated its Comprehensive Capital Analysis and Review (CCAR) and Dodd-Frank Act Stress Testing (DFAST) frameworks, increasing the rigor of stress tests for large financial institutions.
Climate Risk Supervision:
Central banks, including the U.S. Federal Reserve and European Central Bank, increased focus on climate-related financial risks, signaling potential future regulations.
LIBOR Deadline Extension:
Regulators extended the deadline for most LIBOR contracts to cease by mid-2023, allowing more time for the transition to alternative reference rates like SOFR.
Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief, and Consumer Protection Act:
Congress rolled back some provisions of Dodd-Frank, easing regulations for small and medium-sized banks by increasing the threshold for stress testing and other regulatory requirements.
LIBOR Deadline Extension:
Regulators extended the deadline for most LIBOR contracts to cease by mid-2023, allowing more time for the transition to alternative reference rates like SOFR.
MiFID II Implementation:
The European Union implemented the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive II (MiFID II), which aimed to increase transparency and investor protection in financial markets.
Countercyclical Capital Buffer (CCyB):
The Countercyclical Capital Buffer (CCyB), requires banks to maintain additional capital during periods of economic growth to protect against potential financial downturns. This regulation aims to ensure that banks have sufficient capital to absorb losses during times of financial stress, promoting stability in the financial system.
Dodd-Frank Act
In 2010, the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act was passed in response to the 2008 financial crisis. The law aimed to increase transparency, reduce systemic risk, and protect consumers by implementing stricter regulations on financial institutions and establishing new oversight mechanisms.
Fed’s Relaxation of Bank Leverage Rules:
The Federal Reserve temporarily eased rules on the Supplementary Leverage Ratio (SLR) to help banks continue lending during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Climate Risk Supervision:
Central banks, including the U.S. Federal Reserve and European Central Bank, increased focus on climate-related financial risks, signaling potential future regulations.
Biden Administration's Antitrust Agenda:
The administration strengthened antitrust enforcement, influencing the banking sector’s M&A activities and practices related to market concentration.