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Transcript
Permian Period
298.9 million years ago-251.902 million years ago
A Brand New Supercontient
Pangea first forms, and not every species can thrive in it's central desert.
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The Great Dying
Pangea
Hotter and Drier Climate
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Cambrian Explosion
Phanerozoic Eon
Permian Period
Paleozoic Era
The Permian-Triassic Extinction Event
Also known as The Great DyingWe're unsure of the exact cause, but theories include volcanic activity and changing climates. "Causes remain highly controversial" in the scientific community according to He (2023). Wiped out 96% of marine species and 70% of stem mammals and reptiles. -wiped out all trilobites species
Images
References
A Fully Formed Pangea
By the Permian period, Pangea was fully in place and the effects of this supercontient were being felt.According to Looy (2016), "data show that the region forming the interior of Africa experienced increased aridification from the Late Carboniferous-early Permian to the middle to late Permian"
The Great Dying
96% marine loss
Described as "the most severe biodiversity crisis during the Phanerozoic" by He (2023)Wiped out most life on Earth before reptiles like Dinosaurs stole center-stage in the Mesozoic Era.
70% amniote(stem mammals and reptiles) loss
Climate
On Pangea, the climate got hotter and drier, as moisture from the seas couldn't penetrate the central desert. According to Looy (2016), "climate models estimate that desert-like conditions prevailed in central Pangea" and even suggest "summertime high temperatures around 40-50° C"which is 104-122°F. Tetrapods couldn't survive here, but amniotes: reptiles and synapsids could, and those species thrived, with the 1st large terrestrial herbivores, and cattle-sized herbivore reptiles.
References
He, W. (Ed.). (2023). Stratigraphy Around the Permian-Triassic Boundary of South China (First edition.). Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-9350-5 Looy, C. V., Ranks, S. L., Chaney, D. S., Sanchez, S., Steyer, J.-S., Smith, R. M. H., Sidor, C. A., Myers, T. S., Ide, O., & Tabor, N. J. (2016). Biological and physical evidence for extreme seasonality in central Permian Pangea. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 451, 210–226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2016.02.016
Images from...
https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/permian?loggedin=true&rnd=1727662272644 https://x.com/MaijaKarala/status/1664646930012545025/photo/1 https://www.britannica.com/science/desert https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/dynamic/historical.html