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Water Infographic
Emily Peterson
Created on September 30, 2024
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Also known as The Great DyingWe're unsure of the exact cause, but theories include volcanic activity and changing climates. "Causes remain highly controversial" in the scientific community according to He (2023). Wiped out 96% of marine species and 70% of stem mammals and reptiles. -wiped out all trilobites species
The Permian-Triassic Extinction Event
Permian Period
298.9 million years ago-251.902 million years ago
A Brand New Supercontient
Pangea first forms, and not every species can thrive in it's central desert.
Pangea
Hotter and Drier Climate
The Great Dying
Phanerozoic Eon
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Paleozoic Era
References
Images
Cambrian Explosion
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Permian Period
A Fully Formed Pangea
By the Permian period, Pangea was fully in place and the effects of this supercontient were being felt.According to Looy (2016), "data show that the region forming the interior of Africa experienced increased aridification from the Late Carboniferous-early Permian to the middle to late Permian"
70% amniote(stem mammals and reptiles) loss
96% marine loss
The Great Dying
Described as "the most severe biodiversity crisis during the Phanerozoic" by He (2023)Wiped out most life on Earth before reptiles like Dinosaurs stole center-stage in the Mesozoic Era.
Climate
On Pangea, the climate got hotter and drier, as moisture from the seas couldn't penetrate the central desert. According to Looy (2016), "climate models estimate that desert-like conditions prevailed in central Pangea" and even suggest "summertime high temperatures around 40-50° C"which is 104-122°F. Tetrapods couldn't survive here, but amniotes: reptiles and synapsids could, and those species thrived, with the 1st large terrestrial herbivores, and cattle-sized herbivore reptiles.
He, W. (Ed.). (2023). Stratigraphy Around the Permian-Triassic Boundary of South China (First edition.). Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-9350-5 Looy, C. V., Ranks, S. L., Chaney, D. S., Sanchez, S., Steyer, J.-S., Smith, R. M. H., Sidor, C. A., Myers, T. S., Ide, O., & Tabor, N. J. (2016). Biological and physical evidence for extreme seasonality in central Permian Pangea. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 451, 210–226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2016.02.016
References
https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/permian?loggedin=true&rnd=1727662272644 https://x.com/MaijaKarala/status/1664646930012545025/photo/1 https://www.britannica.com/science/desert https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/dynamic/historical.html