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The Permian Period had a mainly arid environment with notable swings. The majority of the land was united into the supercontinent (Pangaea), resulting in massive deserts in the interior regions. However, there were regions with luxuriant vegetation around beaches and in more temperate zones. The high levels of oxygen in the atmosphere allowed big terrestrial species to flourish.

Approximately 299 million to 252 million years ago, lasting around 47 million years (Paleozoic Era)

Major evenets

PermIan period

The Permian-Triassic Extinction Event** - **Explanation**: This event, occurring around 252 million years ago at the end of the Permian, is known as the most significant mass extinction in Earth’s history, often referred to as the "Great Dying." It is estimated that about 90-96% of marine species and 70% of terrestrial vertebrate species went extinct. - The causes are believed to include massive volcanic eruptions in what is now Siberia, leading to dramatic climate changes, ocean acidification, and a decrease in oxygen levels in oceans. This resulted in habitat loss and disrupted ecosystems, ultimately causing widespread extinction

1. The first real mammals evolved during the Permian period, with little, rat-like creatures emerging near the end of the period. 2. During this time, ammonites and fusulinids became very common, acting as crucial markers in geological studies. 3. The Permian Period was distinguished by the formation of enormous coal deposits, which resulted from the dense plant life in swampy regions.4. The supercontinent Pangaea formed huge interior areas that were insulated from maritime influences, resulting in distinct evolutionary trajectories for numerous species. 5. The end of the Permian Period signaled the start of the Mesozoic Era, sometimes known as the dinosaur period, which drastically altered life on Earth.

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