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1993

1952

1966

2003

2005

2011

2014

2015

2024

Transgender Healthcare and Stigma

1973

2000

2016

2018

2021

1947

Homosexuality removed from DSM but Transgender remains as gender identity disorder (American Psychiatric association, n.d.). this shifted from it being seen as an illness to a variation. Gender identity disorder remained suppressing the access to medical treatment of transgender people.

Johns Hopkins opens gender identity health clinic pioneering transgender healthcare(Johns Hopkins, 2023). As well as Harry Benjamin writes The Transsexual Phenomenon and founded the Harry Benjamin International Gender Dysphoria Association, now known as (WPATH) (Benjamin, 1977). which set standards in modern healthcare and evidence based practice for transgender people.

First sex reassignment surgery in Denmark and return to the United States (U.S.). when the trans woman returned it sparked media attention and advocated for awareness around transgender healthcare.

Lawrence v. texas states criminalizing same sex intimacy is unconstitutional, paves way for trans rights (legal information institutes, n.d.). This case affirmed the right to personal autonomy and supported transgender rights as it gave more legal protection.

The Gender Identity Anti-Discrimination Act or title VII is introduced, advocating for transgender rights in employment and housing (U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, n.d.). this further allowed transgender people to fair treatment and access to medical care.

The recognition of the unique struggles transgender individuals face in the healthcare system has driven significant advancements in care. Healthcare providers are increasingly attuned to the psychological needs of transgender people, including support for gender identity affirmation, coping with societal stigma, managing medical transitions, and addressing mental health challenges related to discrimination(Khan, 2016). The global push for transgender-affirmative healthcare has led to federal acknowledgment of these needs. Adopting nondiscrimination laws and inclusive policies is essential for improving health outcomes and the daily lives of transgender individuals. However, legal protections must be supported by effective enforcement and culturally competent practices, such as using appropriate language and training healthcare providers, to create a truly affirming environment.

The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) announces that discrimination based on gender identity is prohibited under the Affordable Care Act. This specifically allowed gender affirming care surgeries to be done without discrimination.

The American Medical Association (AMA) calls for the removal of gender identity as a mental disorder from the DSM (American Psychiatric association, n.d.). This advocated for access to health care for transgender individuals and reduced discrimination.

The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) lifts the ban on gender reassignment surgeries for Medicare recipients. this policy change allowed gender affirming surgeries to be covered by medicare.

The first federal guidelines for transgender students in schools are released, affirming their rights to use bathrooms corresponding to their gender identity. This policy ensured that transgender students would be in an inclusive environment and have healthcare services.

The Trump administration proposes changes to the definition of gender, sparking widespread backlash and activism. Gender affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) is more readily available and gender affirming care becomes normalized in mainstream society.

President Biden signs an executive order reversing anti-transgender policies and supporting the rights of transgender individuals.Insurance plans have extended benefits to include gender-affirming surgeries and hormone treatments. Medical schools have added transgender health topics to their programs, growing importance of transgender healthcare in medical education.

Human rights campaign begins advocating for transgender health aiming to secure equal access to healthcare. This stepped towards inclusive healthcare policies and the unique needs of the transgender community.

Dr. Alfred Kinsey, the biologist who founded the Institute for Sex Research at Indiana University. He pioneered studies on human sexuality which challenged views at the time (Health, 2024). This helped foster a more inclusive perspective on transgender healthcare.

References Johns Hopkins University. (n.d.). LGBTQ+ history at JHU. Retrieved November 17, 2024, from https://studentaffairs.jhu.edu/lgbtq/education/lgbtq-history-at-jhu/#:~=1965%3A%20John%20Money%20and%20Claude,student%20organization%20at%20JHU%20Homewood Benjamin, H. (1977). The transsexual phenomenon (pp. 10–145). Warner Books. https://transreads.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/2019-04-07_5ca961529c262_HarryBenjamin-TheTranssexualPhenomenon1copy.pdf (Original work published 1966) Health, F. (2024, July 14). Transgender Healthcare History in 10 Moments. Www.folxhealth.com; FOLX HEALTH. https://www.folxhealth.com/library/transgender-healthcare-history American Psychiatric Association. (n.d.). Gender dysphoria diagnosis. Retrieved November 17, 2024, from https://www.psychiatry.org/psychiatrists/diversity/education/transgender-and-gender-nonconforming-patients/gender-dysphoria-diagnosis Legal Information Institute. (n.d.). Lawrence v. Texas. Cornell Law School. Retrieved November 17, 2024, from https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/lawrence_v._texas#:~=Overview-,Lawrence%20v.,State%20and%20United%20States%20territory.U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. (n.d.). Sexual orientation and gender identity (SOGI) discrimination. Retrieved November 17, 2024, from https://www.eeoc.gov/sexual-orientation-and-gender-identity-sogi-discrimination#:~=As%20a%20general%20matter%2C%20an,sexual%20orientation%20or%20gender%20identity. Khan, F. N. (2016, November 16). A History of Transgender Health Care. Scientific American; Scientific American . https://www.scientificamerican.com/blog/guest-blog/a-history-of-transgender-health-care/