DRAFT: For Discussion Purposes Only
DRAFT: For Discussion Purposes Only
Nutrition Profiling Information Tool
What is the purpose of the tool?
Which systems are analyzed?
What is it?
We have selected some of the most widely utilized front-of-pack nutrient measurement systems globally and plan to add more. As this tool is a work in progress, we welcome any suggestions or ideas you may have. Please feel free to contact us.
This is a visual guide that outlines the characteristics of different measurement and nutrient profiling systems. This tool was developed by the World Economic Forum's New Frontiers of Nutrition community in collaboration with Accenture.
Our goal is to educate about various NPM* and FOPL**. This tool enables users to quickly scan and compare key systems, considering their applicability and geographical adoption. This information is a summary, and does not represent the full detailed methodology.
Overview of the systems
Explore key takeaways
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See the Key Takeaways
Summary
Types of front-of-pack labeling systems evaluated
Nutrient specific
Summary
These labels identify some nutrients that should be limited in their consumption with a focus on individual nutrients.
These labels provide an overall assessment of the nutritional quality of a food product, often using a single symbol, letter grade, or star rating.
Color-coded
These provide a color-based measurement system that helps consumers evaluate products by specified quantity of nutrients.
Simple symbols
These are systems that use a simple, clear symbol to advise consumers that a product is generally healthy or less healthy.
Warning label
Graded
These systems flag nutrients that are present in high amounts, indicating they may exceed dietary recommendations or thresholds.
These systems use scale (color, numerical, alphabetical, etc.) to evaluate and compare foods at a glance.
* Nutrient Profiling Measurement Systems: Analytical tool used to classify and evaluate food products based on their nutritional composition. ** Front-of-pack Labeling Systems: Visual expression of this information, simplifying the NPM data into an accessible and understandable form for consumers.It uses the data generated by the NPM to present nutritional information clearly on food packaging, helping to promote more informed food choices.
DRAFT: For Discussion Purposes Only
Nutrition Profiling Information Tool
Oveview of the front-of-pack labeling systems evaluated
We selected the most pertinent systems based on adherence and government endorsement, without aiming to indicate a superior system or create a new one.
Applicable geographies
Nutrients considered
Category
System
United States and Canada, the usage is voluntary.
Rates foods based on beneficial nutrients like vitamins, minerals, fiber, and whole grains, and nutrients to be limited such as added sugars, saturated fat, and sodium when consumed in excess, which are associated with health risks.
SummaryGraded
Guiding Stars
Singapore and Thailand. The usage is voluntary.
Highlights foods with higher levels of whole grains and dietary fiber, and lower levels of saturated fat, added sugars, and sodium, when consumed in excess, which are associated with health risks.
Healthier Choice
SummarySymbol
Summary
United Kingdom. Voluntary for general use, but mandatory when advertising food products to children.
It indicates products that contain healthier fats, lower levels of sodium, added sugars, and saturated fats when consumed in excess, which are associated with health risks. Products that meet these criteria promote better cardiovascular health.
Heart Symbol
SummarySymbol
Australia and New Zealand.The usage is voluntary.
Balances healthy nutrients like protein, fiber, and vegetables with nutrients to be limited such as added sugars, saturated fats, and sodium when consumed in excess, which are associated with health risks and rated from 0.5 to 5 stars based on the overall nutritional profile.
SummaryGraded
Health Star
Identifies foods with higher dietary fiber and whole grains, vegetables, and lower saturated fat, fat, sugars,sweeteners, and sodium, which should be consumed in limited quantities, with products meeting criteria displaying the Keyhole symbol.
Sweden, Denmark, Norway, Iceland, Lithuania and Macedonia. The usage is voluntary.
SummarySymbol
Keyhole
Considers healthy nutrients like fiber, protein, and ingredientes like fruits, nuts, vegetables, and nutrients to be limited like sugars, saturated fats, and sodium, assigned a letter grade from A (healthiest) to E (least healthy).
France, Belgium, Spain, Netherlands, German, Luxembourg, Switzerland.The usage is voluntary.
SummaryGraded
Nutriscore
The PAHO Nutrient Profile Model is used for regulatory purposes in several Latin American countries, including Chile, Mexico, to limit nutrients associated with non-communicable diseases (NCDs).
Focuses on limiting nutrients to be limited, such as added sugars,sweeteners, saturated fat, trans fat, and sodium, when consumed in excess, which are associated with health risks.
PAHO Nutrient Profile Model
Nutrient specific Warning
Uses color codes to indicate levels of saturated fat, added sugars, and sodium, when consumed in excess, which are associated with health risks, presented as red, amber, or green labels to show nutrient levels.
United Kingdom, the usage is voluntary.
Nutrient specific Color - Coded
UK Traffic Light
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Nutrition Profiling Information Tool
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Key takeaways related to the analyzed nutrient profile models
In an effort to continue to increase transparency on the nutritional value of food and food portfolios, the food ecosystem will continuously assess, improve, create, and discontinue Nutrient Profiling Systems as necessary. Acknowledging Access to Nutrition contributions, this analysis aims to provide insights into the most commonly used NPS. The objective is to educate about these systems and facilitate access to relevant information without being exhaustive. We selected the most pertinent systems based on adherence and government endorsement, without aiming to indicate a superior system or create a new one.
Positive aspects:
Cross-Border consistency
Quick and visual guidance
Industry incentivised for change
When a system is used in multiple countries, it helps populations recognize the labels and compare products more easily. Examples include the PAHO Nutrient Profile Model across Latin America, Nutri-Score in Europe, and the Keyhole symbol in Nordic countries.
All front-of-label packing systems aim to provide quick and visual guidance to the public, helping them make more conscious and choices that support better health outcomes. They align with public health initiatives aimed at reducing obesity and diet-related health risks by promoting healthier eating habits.
These systems serve as an incentive for industries to reformulate their products to achieve better scores and be recognized as options that are less likely to contribute to health risks when consumed. This is particularly effective in countries where the system is mandatory, such as the PAHO Nutrient Profile Model in some Latin American countries and the HFSS system in the UK, which is mandatory for advertising to children.
Negative aspects:
Overly simplistic guidance
Cultural sensitivity issues
Potential Misclassification
Nutrient-rich foods might receive lower ratings due to higher levels of certain certain nutrients to be limited when consumed in excess, despite their overall health benefits. For example, foods like nuts, which are high in healthy fats and proteins, might be rated poorly by the PAHO Nutrient Profile Model due to their high content of naturally occurring fats.
There is no universal system, and none of the existing systems can guarantee a comprehensive analysis of all key nutrients. This lack of consistency creates confusion for consumer and industry. All systems are simplified and primarily measure key nutrients (both beneficial nutrients, such as fiber and protein, and nutrients to be limited, such as saturated fats and sodium, when consumed in excess).
Many systems may not fully account for cultural dietary practices and preferences, potentially disadvantaging certain traditional foods. For instance, traditional foods that are high in naturally occurring fats or sugars might be unfairly rated as as containing nutrients to be limited (ex: bread).
Nutrition Profiling Information Tool
Switch view
Select type of measurement system
SPECIFIC NUTRIENTS
SUMMARY
Map
A visual guide that outlines the characteristics of different measurement and nutrient profiling systems. This serves as a blueprint for enterprises and the community to enable dialogue around the benchmarks for transparency.
Graded
Graded
SUMMARY
SUMMARY
Graded
Graded
SPECIFIC NUTRIENTS
Color - Coded
Warning
UK Traffic Light
Nutriscore
Health Star
The Traffic Lights system uses red, amber, and green labels to indicate high, medium, and low levels of nutrients like fat, saturated fat, sugars, and salt, helping UK consumers make more informed choices.
A Nutri-Score calculation pinpoints the nutritional value of a product based on the nutrients and assigns it to one of five color-coded letter grade classes (A, B, C, D, or E). Developed in France and adopted by the European Union.
The Health Star Rating System assigns a rating from 0.5 to 5 stars based on the overall nutritional profile of packaged foods in Australia and New Zealand.
Simple Symbols
SUMMARY
Graded
Graded
Simple Symbols
SUMMARY
SUMMARY
Guiding Stars
Keyhole
Heart Symbol
Guiding Stars rates the nutritional quality of food products with a simple star system (0 to 3 stars) based on their content of beneficial nutrients and those that should be limited, in the US and Canada.
The Keyhole symbol is used in Nordic countries to identify food options that meet nutritional criteria for saturated fat, added sugars, sodium, and fiber content.
The Heart Symbol is used in Finland to indicate food products that meet nutritional criteria for healthier fats, reduced sodium, sugar, and fiber content, promoting heart health and preventing cardiovascular diseases.
DRAFT: For Discussion Purposes Only
Nutrition Profiling Information Tool
Switch view
Select type of measurement system
SPECIFIC NUTRIENTS
SUMMARY
Map
A visual guide that outlines the characteristics of different measurement and nutrient profiling systems. This serves as a blueprint for enterprises and the community to enable dialogue around the benchmarks for transparency.
SUMMARY
Simple Symbols
Warning
SPECIFIC NUTRIENTS
Healthier Choice
PAHO
The Healthier Choice symbol indicates products that meet specific nutritional criteria for lower levels of saturated fat, sodium, and other nutrients associated with health risks when consumed in excess, promoting healthier options in Singapore and Thailand.
The PAHO Nutrient Profile Model warns about processed foods and beverages high in nutrients that should be limited, such as sodium, saturated fats, sugars, and sweeteners, guiding public health policies in Latin America.
Simple Symbols
Warning
Graded
Graded
Color - Coded
DRAFT: For Discussion Purposes Only
Nutrition Profiling Information Tool
Switch view
Select type of measurement system
SUMMARY
SPECIFIC NUTRIENTS
Map
A visual guide that outlines the characteristics of different measurement and nutrient profiling systems. This serves as a blueprint for enterprises and the community to enable dialogue around the benchmarks for transparency.
SPECIFIC NUTRIENTS
Simple Symbols
Graded
Graded
Graded
Graded
SUMMARY
SUMMARY
SUMMARY
Keyhole
Nutriscore
Health Star
The Keyhole symbol is used in Nordic countries to identify food options that meet nutritional criteria for saturated fat, added sugars, sodium, and fiber content.
A Nutri-Score calculation pinpoints the nutritional value of a product based on the nutrients and assigns it to one of five color-coded letter grade classes (A, B, C, D, or E). Developed in France and adopted by the European Union.
The Health Star Rating System assigns a rating from 0.5 to 5 stars based on the overall nutritional profile of packaged foods in Australia and New Zealand.
Simple Symbols
Warning
Simple Symbols
SUMMARY
SUMMARY
SUMMARY
Simple Symbols
Graded
Graded
Simple Symbols
Color - Coded
Guiding Stars
Healthier Choice
Heart Symbol
Guiding Stars rates the nutritional quality of food products with a simple star system (0 to 3 stars) based on their content of beneficial nutrients and those that should be limited, in the US and Canada.
The Heart Symbol is used in Finland to indicate food products that meet nutritional criteria for healthier fats, reduced sodium, sugar, and fiber content, promoting heart health and preventing cardiovascular diseases.
The Healthier Choice symbol indicates products that meet specific nutritional criteria for lower levels of saturated fat, sodium, and other nutrients associated with health risks when consumed in excess, promoting healthier options in Singapore and Thailand.
DRAFT: For Discussion Purposes Only
Nutrition Profiling Information Tool
Switch view
Select type of measurement system
List
SPECIFIC NUTRIENTS
SUMMARY
Map
A visual guide that outlines the characteristics of different measurement and nutrient profiling systems. This serves as a blueprint for enterprises and the community to enable dialogue around the benchmarks for transparency.
SPECIFIC NUTRIENTS
Color - Coded
SPECIFIC NUTRIENTS
SPECIFIC NUTRIENTS
Warning
UK Traffic Light
PAHO
The Traffic Lights system uses red, amber, and green labels to indicate high, medium, and low levels of nutrients like fat, saturated fat, sugars, and salt, helping UK consumers make more informed choices.
The PAHO Nutrient Profile Model warns about processed foods and beverages high in nutrients that should be limited, such as sodium, saturated fats, sugars, and sweeteners, guiding public health policies in Latin America.
Simple Symbols
Warning
Simple Symbols
Color - Coded
DRAFT: For Discussion Purposes Only
Geographical View
Switch view
Select type of measurement system
SPECIFIC NUTRIENTS
SUMMARY
List
List
By hovering over each marker, you can see the different measurement systems based on their country of conception or use.
DRAFT: For Discussion Purposes Only
Geographical View
Switch view
Select type of measurement system
SUMMARY
SPECIFIC NUTRIENTS
List
List
By hovering over each marker, you can see the different measurement systems based on their country of conception or use.
DRAFT: For Discussion Purposes Only
Geographical View
Switch view
Select type of measurement system
List
SPECIFIC NUTRIENTS
SUMMARY
List
List
By hovering over each marker, you can see the different measurement systems based on their country of conception or use.
DRAFT: For Discussion Purposes Only
Nutrition Profiling Information Tool
DRAFT: For Discussion Purposes Only
Use the tool
References
Frontiers in Nutrition. (2022). Article on Nutritional Science. Retrieved from https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/nutrition/articles/10.3389/fnut.2022.993238/full Hooley Brown. (n.d.). What's the Problem with Nutri-Score? Retrieved from https://www.hooleybrown.com/blog-post/whats-the-problem-with-nutri-score PAHO Mazzonetto, A., et al. (2022). Front-of-Pack Nutrition Labels: Perceptions and Preferences of Brazilian Adult Consumers. Retrieved from https://nuppre.paginas.ufsc.br/files/2022/08/2022-Mazzonetto-et-al-Front-of-pack-nutrition-labels_perceptions-and-preferences-of-Brazilian-adult-consumers.pdf PAHO. (2020). Front-of-Pack Nutrition Labeling: Tools for Creating a Healthier Food Environment. Retrieved from https://iris.paho.org/handle/10665.2/51931
PAHO. (n.d.). Nutrient Profile Model. Retrieved from https://www.paho.org/en/nutrient-profile-model The Lancet Regional Health - Americas. (2022). A policy study on front–of–pack nutrition labeling in the Americas: emerging developments and outcomes. Retrieved from https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanam/article/PIIS2667-193X(22)00217-4/fulltext
UK Traffic light
Cambridge University Press. (2013). Front-of-Pack Nutrition Labelling in the European Union: A Behavioural, Legal and Political Analysis. European Journal of Risk Regulation. Retrieved from https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/european-journal-of-risk-regulation/article/abs/frontofpack-nutrition-labelling-in-the-european-union-a-behavioural-legal-and-political-analysis/8CE6DD515D1D9D77A5767D2129E9B8B8 Food Standards Agency. (n.d.). Front of Pack Nutrition Labelling Guidance. Retrieved from https://www.food.gov.uk/sites/default/files/media/document/fop-guidance_0.pdf NHS. (n.d.). How to Read Food Labels. Retrieved from https://www.nhs.uk/live-well/eat-well/food-guidelines-and-food-labels/how-to-read-food-labels/#:~:text=Red%2C%20amber%20and%20green%20colour%20coding&text=Colour%2Dcoded%20nutritional%20information%20tells,green%20means%20low Oxford Academic. (2009). Health Promotion International, 24(4), 344-357. Retrieved from https://academic.oup.com/heapro/article/24/4/344/575241?login=false ScienceDirect. (2018). Article on Nutritional Labelling. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior. Retrieved from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1499404618301520
General sources
Access to Nutrition Initiative. (n.d.). Sector Alignment on the Use of Nutrient Profile Models (NPMs). Retrieved from https://accesstonutrition.org/project/sector-alignment-on-the-use-of-nutrient-profile-models-npms/ Food and Drink Federation. (n.d.). HFSS Toolkit: Diet and Health. Retrieved from https://www.fdf.org.uk/fdf/resources/toolkits/diet-and-health/hfss-toolkit/ Global Food Research Program. (2018). Front-of-Package (FOP) Labeling Factsheet. Retrieved from https://globalfoodresearchprogram.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/FOP_FactSheet_3-21-18.pdf Global Food Research Program. (2020). Front-of-Package (FOP) Labeling Factsheet. Retrieved from https://globalfoodresearchprogram.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/FOP_Factsheet_UNCGFRP_2020_September_Final.pdf Julia, C., & Hercberg, S. (n.d.). Development of a new front-of-pack nutrition label in France: the five-colour Nutri-Score. Paris 13 University, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics Sorbonne-Paris-Cité (CRESS), Bobigny, France; Public Health Department, Avicenne Hospital (AP-HP), Bobigny, France World Cancer Research Fund. (2021). Building Momentum: Lessons on Implementing Robust Restrictions of Food and Non-Alcoholic Beverage Marketing to Children. Retrieved from https://www.wcrf.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/PPA-Building-Momentum-2-WEB.pdf
Infoalimentario. (n.d.). Guides & Manuals. Retrieved from https://infoalimentario.com/documents-2/guides-manuals/
Guiding Stars
Eat Like a Human. (n.d.). Guiding Stars: What Is It Really? Retrieved from https://eatlikeahuman.com/guiding-stars-really/ Guiding Stars. (n.d.). What is Guiding Stars? Academic Research. Retrieved from https://guidingstars.com/what-is-guiding-stars/academic-research/ Guiding Stars. (n.d.). Guiding Stars: Simplifying Nutrition Choices. Retrieved from https://guidingstars.com/ ScienceDirect. (2023). Guiding Stars: the effect of a nutrition navigation program on consumer purchases at the supermarket. American Journal of Cardiology. Retrieved from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002916523017835 Health Star
ABC News. (2019, November 22). Can the Health Star Rating Help You Find Healthy Food? Retrieved from https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-11-22/can-the-health-star-rating-help-you-find-healthy-food/11700958
Health Star Rating. (n.d.). Health Star Rating System. Retrieved from https://www.healthstarrating.gov.au/ The Conversation. (2019, May 1). Why the Australasian Health Star Rating Needs Major Changes to Make It Work. Retrieved from https://theconversation.com/why-the-australasian-health-star-rating-needs-major-changes-to-make-it-work-114581
Heart Symbol Sydänmerkki. (n.d.). Sydänmerkki – Heart Symbol Label for Healthier Food Choices. Retrieved from https://www.sydanmerkki.fi/en Healthier Choice
HealthHub. (n.d.). Make Healthier Choice. Retrieved from https://www.healthhub.sg/live-healthy/make_healthier_choice#:~:text=Products%20that%20bear%20the%20Healthier,calcium%2C%20dietary%20fibre%20and%20wholegrains. NCBI. (2016). Article on Nutrition Labels. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5090252/ Ministry of Health Singapore. (2022). Improving Effectiveness of Healthier Choice Symbol and a More Robust Food Health Rating System. Retrieved from https://www.moh.gov.sg/news-highlights/details/improving-effectiveness-of-healthier-choice-symbol-and-a-more-robust-food-health-rating-system/
International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity. (2023). A randomized trial to evaluate the impact of Singapore’s forthcoming Nutri-grade front-of-pack beverage label on food and beverage purchases. Retrieved from https://ijbnpa.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12966-023-01422-4
Keyhole
Andersson, C. (2021, September 17). The Nordic Keyhole – quantitative analysis of its use in product reformulation and development. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences. Retrieved from https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/17248/3/andersson_c_210917.pdf
Cambridge University Press. (2012). Consumption of Foods with the Keyhole Front-of-Pack Nutrition Label: Potential Impact on Energy and Nutrient Intakes of Swedish Adolescents. Public Health Nutrition. Retrieved from https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/public-health-nutrition/article/consumption-of-foods-with-the-keyhole-frontofpack-nutrition-label-potential-impact-on-energy-and-nutrient-intakes-of-swedish-adolescents/3144653BEC129A57A174655973EE4A6C Nordic Co-operation. (2022). New Guidelines Make Keyhole Even Greener. Retrieved from https://www.norden.org/en/news/new-guidelines-make-keyhole-even-greener -system/ Nutri Score Apicbase. (n.d.). Nutri-Score: Science-Based Nutritional Value Labelling System. Retrieved from https://get.apicbase.com/nutri-score-science-based-nutritional-value-labelling FoodNavigator. (2023, April 28). Why is the Netherlands' Adoption of Nutri-Score so Controversial? Retrieved from https://www.foodnavigator.com/Article/2023/04/28/Why-is-the-Netherlands-adoption-of-Nutri-Score-so-controversial Foodwatch. (n.d.). Logo Nutri-Score. Retrieved from https://www.foodwatch.org/fr/sinformer/nos-campagnes/transparence-et-scandales/logo-nutri-score?mtm_campaign=transparence-scandales-nutriscore-pageinstit&mtm_medium=cpc&mtm_source=google_ads&gad_source=1&gclid=CjwKCAjw1emzBhB8EiwAHwZZxbzppMLdf6KbTFE4OF3tw3iqPtB9VT0OXitfzBe51qj715NBgrXn4hoCQYIQAvD_BwE
How it works
Benefits
Products marked with the Heart Symbol meet stringent nutritional criteria, which vary based on the product category, including processed meats, dairy products, and baked goods. The criteria focus primarily on fat, sodium, sugar, and fiber, with a strong emphasis on cardiovascular health. The criteria are regularly updated to reflect current nutritional guidelines and recommendations in Finland. The symbol is intended to make it easier for consumers to identify healthier choices within each food category. Positive Points: It promotes the following nutritional benefits:
- Healthier Fats: The product contains lower amounts of total fat and prioritizes healthier fats (unsaturated fats) while minimizing saturated and trans fats.
- Low Sodium: Sodium content is minimized, promoting cardiovascular health.
- Reduced Sugars: Added sugars are limited in products like snacks and beverages.
- High Fiber: Products rich in fiber, such as whole grain options, are favored.
Negative Points: The Heart Symbol does not assign negative points directly, but it focuses on limiting the following nutrients:
- Saturated and Trans Fats: These fats are minimized in products with the Heart Symbol.
- Added Sugars: High levels of added sugars disqualify a product from receiving the Heart Symbol.
- Sodium: Products high in sodium do not qualify
- Guides Healthier Choices: The Heart Symbol helps consumers quickly identify products that align with recommendations for better cardiovascular health.
- Easy Recognition: It provides an easy-to-understand label for consumers looking to improve their dietary choices, especially regarding fat and sodium.
- Science-Based Criteria: The Heart Symbol's criteria are based on the latest scientific evidence and national dietary guidelines.
Heart Symbol
The Heart Symbol is a front-of-pack label used in Finland to help consumers identify healthier food options within specific product categories. Administered by the Finnish Heart Association, the Heart Symbol indicates that a product is a better choice in terms of fat (quality and quantity), sodium, sugar, and fiber, depending on the product group, particularly focused on cardiovascular health. The goal is to support healthier dietary habits by providing clear and reliable nutritional information at a glance.
Criticisms
- Focus on Individual Nutrients: Like other nutrient profiling systems, the Heart Symbol emphasizes certain nutrients (e.g., fats, sodium, and fiber) but may not fully address the overall balance of a food product.
- Not Comprehensive for All Health Needs: While useful for cardiovascular health, the Heart Symbol might not consider other health-related factors such as protein content or micronutrient density.
Type of measureent:
Summary: These labels provide an overall assessment of the nutritional quality of a food product, often using a single symbol, letter grade, or star rating. Simple Symbols: These are systems that use a simple, clear symbol to advise consumers that a product is generally healthy or less healthy.
Out of Scope
It also excludes dietary supplements, alcoholic beverages, and certain highly processed food products.
Adopted in
The Heart Symbol is primarily used in Finland and is regulated by the Finnish Heart Association. Its use is voluntary, and it is commonly seen on processed and packaged foods in the Finnish market.
See sources
How it works
Benefits
- Comprehensive Assessment: Provides a balanced evaluation of both beneficial nutrients and those that should be limited, offering a holistic view of the product’s nutritional quality.
- Consumer Guidance: The star rating (0.5 to 5 stars) helps consumers quickly identify products that are more nutritionally balanced and make better-informed choices.
- Holistic Approach: Rather than focusing on a single nutrient, the system evaluates multiple factors, including sodium, added sugars, and saturated fats, as well as beneficial nutrients like fiber and protein, along with ingredients like fruits, vegetables, and nuts.
Products are rated from 0.5 to 5 stars based on their overall nutrient profile. The rating is calculated by balancing beneficial nutrients like protein and fiber, as well as ingredients like fruits, vegetables, and legumes, with nutrients that, when consumed in excess, are associated with health risks, such as saturated fats, added sugars, and sodium. A higher star rating reflects a more favorable nutritional balance. Positive Points: Assigned to beneficial nutrients and ingredients.
- Protein: Higher protein content earns positive points.
- Dietary Fiber: Foods high in fiber receive positive points.
- Fruits, Vegetables, Nuts, and Legumes: The inclusion of these ingredients contributes positively to the rating.
- Vitamins and Minerals: The presence of essential vitamins and minerals is also seen as beneficial and earns positive points.
Negative Points: Assigned to nutrients that should be limited to avoid potential health risks when consumed in excess:
- Energy (Calories): While energy is essential, high caloric density may receive negative points when it contributes to an imbalanced nutrient profile.
- Saturated Fats: Excessive consumption of saturated fats is associated with health risks and receives negative points.
- Added Sugars: High levels of added sugars contribute to negative points due to their link to health risks.
- Sodium (Salt): Excessive sodium intake is linked to health risks and also results in negative points.
Health Star
The Health Star Rating System is a front-of-pack labeling system used in Australia and New Zealand to provide consumers with an at-a-glance guide to the nutritional quality of packaged foods. Developed in collaboration with governments, industry, and consumer groups, it rates products from 0.5 to 5 stars based on their nutrient profile, which includes nutrients such as protein, fiber, added sugars, saturated fats, and sodium, as well as the presence of ingredients like fruits, vegetables, nuts, and legumes. The higher the star rating, the more nutritionally balanced the product is considered.
Criticisms
- Over-Simplification: Some critics argue that the system might oversimplify complex nutritional profiles, as it can favor processed foods with added beneficial ingredients, potentially misleading consumers about the product’s overall health impact.
- Focus on Individual Nutrients: The system might emphasize specific nutrients, such as fats or sugars, without considering the broader context of the overall diet, which can be misleading.
Type of measurement:
Summary: These labels provide an overall assessment of the nutritional quality of a food product, often using a single symbol, letter grade, or star rating.Graded: These systems use scales (color, numerical, alphabetical, etc.) to evaluate and compare foods at a glance.
Out of Scope
Adopted in
FFresh, unprocessed foods like fruits and vegetables, as well as products such as condiments, sauces, and foods for special medical purposes, are not rated by the Health Star Rating system Additionally, the system excludes dietary supplements, herbs, spices, and alcoholic beverages.
Australia and New Zealand.The usage is voluntary.
See sources
How it works
Benefits
Products are evaluated based on their content of energy, saturated fats, total sugars, and sodium. Each nutrient is assigned points, and the total score determines if a product is classified as high in fat, sugar, or salt. Foods with higher scores are considered less healthy. This scoring helps in identifying and regulating the marketing of less healthy foods, especially to children. Positive Points: Assigned to nutrients that contribute to a healthier diet.
- Vitamins: Foods rich in essential vitamins earn positive points.
- Minerals: Presence of beneficial minerals like calcium and iron is rewarded.
- Dietary Fiber: High fiber content is considered favorable.
- Omega-3 Fatty Acids: These healthy fats contribute positive points.
- Whole Grains: Foods containing whole grains receive positive points.
- Negative Points: Assigned to less desirable components.
- Saturated Fat: High levels are given negative points.
- Added Sugars: Excess added sugar content scores negatively.
- Sodium (Salt): High sodium levels also contribute negative points.\
The total score determines the number of stars a product receives, ranging from zero to three stars, with more stars indicating better nutritional quality.
- Simple Rating: Uses a straightforward star system (0 to 3 stars) to help consumers identify nutrient-rich foods easily.
- Nutrient Emphasis: Highlights beneficial nutrients like vitamins, minerals, and fiber, guiding healthier choices.
Guiding Stars
Criticisms
Guiding Stars is a nutrition guidance program developed in the United States that rates the nutritional quality of food products using a simple star system. Foods are evaluated based on their content of vitamins, minerals, dietary fiber, whole grains, omega-3 fatty acids, and added sugars, as well as their saturated fat and sodium levels. Products receive one, two, or three stars, with three stars indicating the highest nutritional value. This system aims to help consumers make healthier choices easily.
- Over-Simplification: The star system might oversimplify the nutritional value of foods, potentially leading to misconceptions about their health benefits. Only gives ratings to nutritious foods and doesn't label foods that don't get stars.
- Focus on Individual Nutrients: The emphasis on single nutrients may not provide a complete picture of a food's healthfulness. The system disfavors foods with saturated fats and salt, overemphasizing fiber and ignoring the value of protein.
Type of measurement:
Summary: These labels provide an overall assessment of the nutritional quality of a food product, often using a single symbol, letter grade, or star rating.Graded: These systems use scales (color, numerical, alphabetical, etc.) to evaluate and compare foods at a glance.
Adopted in
United States and Canada, the usage is voluntary.
Out of Scope
The Guiding Stars system does not cover fresh, unprocessed foods such as fruits, vegetables, and meats. It focuses on packaged and processed foods, providing ratings based on their nutrient content. Additionally, dietary supplements, herbs and spices, and alcoholic beverages are not included in the scope of the Guiding Stars ratings.
See sources
How it works
Benefits
Products marked with the Heart Symbol meet stringent nutritional criteria, which vary based on the product category, including processed meats, dairy products, and baked goods. The criteria focus primarily on fat, sodium, sugar, and fiber, with a strong emphasis on cardiovascular health. The criteria are regularly updated to reflect current nutritional guidelines and recommendations in Finland. The symbol is intended to make it easier for consumers to identify healthier choices within each food category. Positive Points: It promotes the following nutritional benefits:
- Healthier Fats: The product contains lower amounts of total fat and prioritizes healthier fats (unsaturated fats) while minimizing saturated and trans fats.
- Low Sodium: Sodium content is minimized, promoting cardiovascular health.
- Reduced Sugars: Added sugars are limited in products like snacks and beverages.
- High Fiber: Products rich in fiber, such as whole grain options, are favored.
Negative Points: The Heart Symbol does not assign negative points directly, but it focuses on limiting the following nutrients:
- Saturated and Trans Fats: These fats are minimized in products with the Heart Symbol.
- Added Sugars: High levels of added sugars disqualify a product from receiving the Heart Symbol.
- Sodium: Products high in sodium do not qualify
- Guides Healthier Choices: The Heart Symbol helps consumers quickly identify products that align with recommendations for better cardiovascular health.
- Easy Recognition: It provides an easy-to-understand label for consumers looking to improve their dietary choices, especially regarding fat and sodium.
- Science-Based Criteria: The Heart Symbol's criteria are based on the latest scientific evidence and national dietary guidelines.
Heart Symbol
The Heart Symbol is a front-of-pack label used in Finland to help consumers identify healthier food options within specific product categories. Administered by the Finnish Heart Association, the Heart Symbol indicates that a product is a better choice in terms of fat (quality and quantity), sodium, sugar, and fiber, depending on the product group, particularly focused on cardiovascular health. The goal is to support healthier dietary habits by providing clear and reliable nutritional information at a glance.
Criticisms
- Focus on Individual Nutrients: Like other nutrient profiling systems, the Heart Symbol emphasizes certain nutrients (e.g., fats, sodium, and fiber) but may not fully address the overall balance of a food product.
- Not Comprehensive for All Health Needs: While useful for cardiovascular health, the Heart Symbol might not consider other health-related factors such as protein content or micronutrient density.
Type of measureent:
Summary: These labels provide an overall assessment of the nutritional quality of a food product, often using a single symbol, letter grade, or star rating. Simple Symbols: These are systems that use a simple, clear symbol to advise consumers that a product is generally healthy or less healthy.
Out of Scope
It also excludes dietary supplements, alcoholic beverages, and certain highly processed food products.
Adopted in
The Heart Symbol is primarily used in Finland and is regulated by the Finnish Heart Association. Its use is voluntary, and it is commonly seen on processed and packaged foods in the Finnish market.
See sources
How it works
Benefits
Products that meet stringent nutritional criteria for lower levels of fat, added sugars, and sodium and higher levels of dietary fiber and whole grains can display the Keyhole symbol. The criteria are developed based on scientific evidence and are consistent across the Nordic countries, making it easier for consumers to choose more informed choices. It helps consumer to do more informed food options in Nordic countries based on specific nutritional criteria. Positive Points: Assigned to beneficial nutrients and ingredients.
- Whole Grains: High whole grain content is rewarded.
- Fiber: Foods rich in dietary fiber earn positive points.
- Fruits and Vegetables: The presence of these ingredients is considered beneficial.
- Reduced Calories: Foods that meet caloric reduction criteria in certain categories are also rewarded.
Negative Points: Given to components that should be limited.
- Fat: Lower fat content is preferred.
- Sugars: Reduced sugar levels are favorable.
- Sodium (Salt): Lower sodium content is considered positive.
Products that meet these criteria can display the Keyhole symbol, helping consumers identify healthier choices.
- Simple Label: The Keyhole symbol helps consumers easily identify more informed food choices based on stringent nutritional criteria.
- Consistency Across Borders: Used in multiple Nordic countries, providing a consistent and recognizable label that aids consumer decision-making.
The Keyhole
Criticisms
The Keyhole is a nutrition label used in Nordic countries (Sweden, Denmark, Norway, and Iceland) to indicate healthier food options. Administered by respective national health authorities, it sets criteria for lower levels of fat, added sugars, and sodium, when consumed in excess are associated with health risks, and higher levels of dietary fiber and whole grains. Products that meet these criteria can display the Keyhole symbol. This label aims to make it easier for consumers to make healthier choices at the point of purchase.
- Over-Simplification: The simple symbol might oversimplify nutritional information, leading to potential misconceptions about the health benefits of foods.
- Criteria challenges: Some food industries find it difficult to meet the criteria for sodium and whole grains in some food categories, such as cheeses and sauces. Reducing sodium can affect the taste and acceptability of the product.
Type of measurement:
Summary: These labels provide an overall assessment of the nutritional quality of a food product, often using a single symbol, letter grade, or star rating.Simple Symbols: These are systems that use a simple, clear symbol to advise consumers that a product is generally more balanced or nutritionally appropriate.
Out of Scope
Unprocessed foods such as fresh fruits, vegetables, and raw meats are not covered by the Keyhole labeling system. The system also excludes dietary supplements, herbs, spices, snacks, beverage and juice. The system focuses on processed and packaged foods where reformulation can lead to significant nutritional improvements.
Adopted in
Sweden, Denmark, Norway, Iceland, Lithuania and Macedonia. The usage is voluntary.
See sources
How it works
Benefits
Products that meet stringent nutritional criteria for lower levels of fat, added sugars, and sodium and higher levels of dietary fiber and whole grains can display the Keyhole symbol. The criteria are developed based on scientific evidence and are consistent across the Nordic countries, making it easier for consumers to choose more informed choices. It helps consumer to do more informed food options in Nordic countries based on specific nutritional criteria. Positive Points: Assigned to beneficial nutrients and ingredients.
- Whole Grains: High whole grain content is rewarded.
- Fiber: Foods rich in dietary fiber earn positive points.
- Fruits and Vegetables: The presence of these ingredients is considered beneficial.
- Reduced Calories: Foods that meet caloric reduction criteria in certain categories are also rewarded.
Negative Points: Given to components that should be limited.
- Fat: Lower fat content is preferred.
- Sugars: Reduced sugar levels are favorable.
- Sodium (Salt): Lower sodium content is considered positive.
Products that meet these criteria can display the Keyhole symbol, helping consumers identify healthier choices.
- Simple Label: The Keyhole symbol helps consumers easily identify more informed food choices based on stringent nutritional criteria.
- Consistency Across Borders: Used in multiple Nordic countries, providing a consistent and recognizable label that aids consumer decision-making.
The Keyhole
Criticisms
The Keyhole is a nutrition label used in Nordic countries (Sweden, Denmark, Norway, and Iceland) to indicate healthier food options. Administered by respective national health authorities, it sets criteria for lower levels of fat, added sugars, and sodium, when consumed in excess are associated with health risks, and higher levels of dietary fiber and whole grains. Products that meet these criteria can display the Keyhole symbol. This label aims to make it easier for consumers to make healthier choices at the point of purchase.
- Over-Simplification: The simple symbol might oversimplify nutritional information, leading to potential misconceptions about the health benefits of foods.
- Criteria challenges: Some food industries find it difficult to meet the criteria for sodium and whole grains in some food categories, such as cheeses and sauces. Reducing sodium can affect the taste and acceptability of the product.
Type of measurement:
Summary: These labels provide an overall assessment of the nutritional quality of a food product, often using a single symbol, letter grade, or star rating.Simple Symbols: These are systems that use a simple, clear symbol to advise consumers that a product is generally more balanced or nutritionally appropriate.
Out of Scope
Unprocessed foods such as fresh fruits, vegetables, and raw meats are not covered by the Keyhole labeling system. The system also excludes dietary supplements, herbs, spices, snacks, beverage and juice. The system focuses on processed and packaged foods where reformulation can lead to significant nutritional improvements.
Adopted in
Sweden, Denmark, Norway, Iceland, Lithuania and Macedonia. The usage is voluntary.
See sources
How it works
Benefits
Nutri-Score NPM calculates a score based on the nutritional composition per 100g of a food product, considering both healthy nutrients and less healthy, those that should be limited when consumed in excess. Positive Points: These are assigned to nutrients and food components that are beneficial to health. These include:
- Fruits, Vegetables, and Nuts: High content earns positive points.
- Fiber: A high fiber content is considered beneficial.
- Proteins: High-quality protein content also receives positive points.
Negative Points: These are given to components that are associated with health risks when consumed in excess. These include:
- Saturated Fats: Can lower score.
- Sugars: Total sugars can earn negative points.
- Sodium (Salt): High sodium content is also considered less healthy.
The total score, calculated from the sum of positive and negative points, determines the Nutri-Score of a product, which ranges from 'A' (healthier choices) to 'E' (less healthy choices).
- Simplicity for Consumers: The color-coded system and letter grading make it easy for consumers to understand the nutritional quality of a product at a glance, potentially encouraging more informed choices.
- Positive Nutrient Focus: Encourages the consumption of fruits, vegetables, fiber, and protein by giving higher scores to products rich in these nutrients.
Nutriscore
The Nutri-Score is a front-of-pack nutrition labeling system designed to help consumers quickly understand the nutritional quality of food products. It assigns a letter grade from A (most nutritious) to E (least nutritious) based on the product's nutrient profile, including positive components like fiber, protein, and fruits, as well as nutrients to be limited, such as added sugars, saturated fats, and sodium when consumed in excess, which are associated with health risks. The color-coded system (green to red) facilitates easy comparison of products within the same category.
Criticisms
- Over-Simplification: Reducing the nutritional quality of a product to a single letter and color might oversimplify complex nutritional profiles, potentially leading to misconceptions about the healthiness of certain foods.
- Limited Discrimination Capacity in Some Categories: Nutri-Score has shown lower discrimination capacity in very homogeneous subcategories, such as certain categories of oils and margarines, which may limit its effectiveness in helping consumers make healthier food choices.
Type of measurement:
Summary: These labels provide an overall assessment of the nutritional quality of a food product, often using a single symbol, letter grade, or star rating.Graded: These systems use scales (color, numerical, alphabetical, etc.) to evaluate and compare foods at a glance.
Out of Scope
Products such as herbs and spices, alcoholic beverages, dietary supplements, and foods for special nutritional uses are excluded from the Nutri-Score system according to European regulations.
Adopted in
France, Belgium, Spain, Netherlands, German, Luxembourg, Switzerland. The usage is voluntary.
See sources
How it works
Benefits
Products are labeled with colors red, amber, and green based on their levels of fat, saturated fat, added sugars, and sodium, per 100g or 100ml. Green indicates low levels, amber indicates medium levels, and red indicates high levels of these nutrients. This color-coding allows consumers to quickly assess the nutritional quality of a product and make more informed choices.Positive Points: This system does not assign positive points but indicates low levels of certain nutrients with green labels
- Green Label: Indicates low levels of fat, saturated fat, added sugars, and sodium, signaling more balanced options.
Negative Points: These are indicated by red labels for high levels of nutrients that should be limited.
- Red Label: Indicates high levels of fat, saturated fat, added sugars, and sodium, signaling less balanced options.
- Amber Label: Represents medium levels of these nutrients, indicating moderate health impact.
This visual system helps consumers quickly identify healthier and less healthy food choices based on nutrient levels..
- Visual Clarity: The color-coded labels (red, amber, green) provide an immediate visual indication of nutritional quality, aiding quick decision-making.
- Consumer Empowerment: Helps consumers make more informed food choices by easily identifying high, medium, and low levels of fat, saturated fat, added sugars, and sodium.
- Greater Transparency: The traffic lights system may make it harder for manufacturers to mask or downplay the less healthy aspects of their products.
UK Traffic Light
The Traffic Lights system is a front-of-pack labeling scheme that uses color coding to indicate the nutritional quality of food products. Developed in the UK, it assigns red, amber, and green labels to represent high, medium, and low levels of fat, saturated fat, added sugars, and sodium, respectively. This visual system helps consumers make more informed food choices at a glance by highlighting the nutritional content of foods in an easily understandable format.
Criticisms
- Over-Simplification: Using color codes can oversimplify the nutritional complexity of foods, leading to potential misconceptions.
- Focus on Individual Nutrients: The emphasis on single nutrients may not provide a complete picture of a food’s overall nutritional balance.
- Potential for Misleading Labels: There are some mistaken positive associations with processed products. Some products may receive a green label for low levels of certain nutrients but still be less balanced due to other factors not considered by the system.
Type of measurement:
Out of Scope
Nutrient Specifc: These labels identify some components that should be limited in their consumption with a focus on individual nutrients.Color Coded: These provide a color-based measurement system that helps consumers evaluate products by specified quality of nutrients.
Unprocessed foods such as fresh fruits, vegetables, and raw meats are generally not covered by the Traffic Lights system. The focus is on processed and packaged foods where nutrient levels can vary significantly. Dietary supplements, herbs and spices, and alcoholic beverages are also excluded from the scope of this labeling system.
Adopted in
United Kingdom, the usage is voluntary.
See sources
How it works
Benefits
Products are assessed based on their content of added sugars, total fat, saturated fat, trans fat, and sodium per 100g or 100ml. Foods and beverages that exceed set thresholds for these nutrients are classified as less healthy. This model guides regulatory actions such as labeling, marketing restrictions, and fiscal policies to promote healthier diets. Positive Points: This model does not explicitly assign positive points, focusing instead on identifying and limiting harmful nutrients. Negative Points: Assigned to nutrients that should have limited consumption.
- Added Sugars, sweeteners: High levels earn negative points.
- Total Fat: Foods with high total fat content are given negative points.
- Saturated and Trans Fats: These unhealthy fats contribute negatively.
- Sodium (Salt): High sodium levels result in negative points.
The model is used to categorize processed foods and beverages, guiding regulations on marketing, labeling, and fiscal policies to promote healthier diets..
- Public Health Focus: It addresses a significant public health concern by attempting to combat the growing rates of obesity and non-communicable diseases in the Americas.
- Regulatory Framework: Assists in the development of policies for marketing, labeling, and fiscal measures to promote healthier eating.
- Region-Specific: Provides a tailored approach to nutrition labeling in the Americas, addressing local dietary challenges.
- Incentive for Manufacturers: Since it is mandatory, it encourages the food industry to reformulate products to be healthier.
PAHO
he PAHO Nutrient Profile Model was developed by the Pan American Health Organization to classify processed foods and beverages that are excessive in critical nutrients associated with non-communicable diseases. It evaluates products based on their content of added sugars, sodium, and total fat, including saturated and trans fats, that when consumed in excess are associated with health risks. The model aims to guide policies on food marketing, labeling, and fiscal measures to promote healthier diets in the Americas.
Criticisms
- Limited Scope: The model focuses on limiting less healthy nutrients without giving enough recognition to positive nutrients and overall dietary patterns.
- Sweeteners as a negative point: It positions sweeteners as potentially harmful to health, but others argue that their benefits in sugar reduction and weight control outweigh the possible risks
- Economic Impact: Stricter regulations based on the model might negatively impact the sales of traditional or locally popular foods.
Out of Scope
The PAHO Nutrient Profile Model excludes fresh and minimally processed foods like fruits, vegetables, and unprocessed meats, which are generally considered healthy. It also does not cover dietary supplements, alcoholic beverages, herbs, and spices.
Type of measurement:
Nutrient Specifc: These labels identify some nutrients that should be limited in their consumption with a focus on individual nutrients.Warning: These systems flag nutrients that are present in high amounts, indicating they may exceed dietary recommendations or thresholds.
Adopted in
The PAHO Nutrient Profile Model has been used for regulatory purposes in various Latin American countries, including Argentina, Mexico , and Peru. It serves as a flexible guideline, allowing each country in the Americas region to adapt it to its specific reality and needs.
See sources
How it works
Benefits
Products that meet specific nutritional criteria for lower levels of fat, added sugar, and sodium, and higher levels of whole grains and fiber, can display the Healthier Choice symbol. The criteria are category-specific, ensuring that healthier options within each food category are easily identifiable to consumers.Positive Points: Assigned to beneficial nutrients.
- Whole Grains: Products high in whole grains earn positive points.
- Fiber: High dietary fiber content is rewarded.
- Vitamins and Minerals: Presence of essential nutrients contributes positively.
Negative Points: Given to less favorable components.
- Fat: Products with lower fat content are preferred.
- Sugars: Low sugar levels are favored.
- Sodium (Salt): Reduced sodium content is considered positive.
Products meeting these criteria can display the Healthier Choice symbol, guiding consumers to healthier options.
- Identifiable Symbol: The Healthier Choice symbol makes it easy for consumers to identify healthier food options quickly.
- Nutritional Standards: Products meeting stringent nutritional criteria for lower fat, added sugar, and sodium levels can display the symbol.
- Category-Specific: The criteria are tailored for different food categories, allowing for more precise nutritional benchmarks.
- Consumer Confidence: Builds trust among consumers by ensuring that labeled products adhere to high nutritional standards.
Healthier Choice
The Healthier Choice symbol is a front-of-pack label used in Singapore to help consumers identify healthier food options within specific product categories. Administered by the Health Promotion Board, products that meet stringent nutritional criteria for lower levels of fat, added sugar, and sodium that when consumed in excess are associated with health risks, and higher levels of whole grains and fiber, can display the symbol. The goal is to encourage healthier eating habits among the population.
Criticisms
- Focus on Individual Nutrients: The emphasis on single nutrients, it warns about the product having some healthy nutrients, it may not provide a complete picture of a food's healthfulness .
- Potential for Misleading Consumers: Some products might meet the criteria for the symbol but still contain unhealthy levels of other nutrients not considered by the system. It only considers the positive score of certain ingredients.
Out of Scope
Type of measurement:
Fresh, unprocessed foods such as fruits, vegetables, and raw meats are generally not included in the Healthier Choice labeling. The system is aimed at processed and packaged foods that can vary in their nutritional content. Dietary supplements, herbs and spices, and alcoholic beverages are also excluded from the Healthier Choice program.
Summary: These labels provide an overall assessment of the nutritional quality of a food product, often using a single symbol, letter grade, or star rating.Simple Symbols: These are systems that use a simple, clear symbol to advise consumers that a product is generally healthy or unhealthy.
Adopted in
Singapore and Thailand. The usage is voluntary.
See sources
How it works
Benefits
Nutri-Score NPM calculates a score based on the nutritional composition per 100g of a food product, considering both healthy nutrients and less healthy, those that should be limited when consumed in excess. Positive Points: These are assigned to nutrients and food components that are beneficial to health. These include:
- Fruits, Vegetables, and Nuts: High content earns positive points.
- Fiber: A high fiber content is considered beneficial.
- Proteins: High-quality protein content also receives positive points.
Negative Points: These are given to components that are associated with health risks when consumed in excess. These include:
- Saturated Fats: Can lower score.
- Sugars: Total sugars can earn negative points.
- Sodium (Salt): High sodium content is also considered less healthy.
The total score, calculated from the sum of positive and negative points, determines the Nutri-Score of a product, which ranges from 'A' (healthier choices) to 'E' (less healthy choices).
- Simplicity for Consumers: The color-coded system and letter grading make it easy for consumers to understand the nutritional quality of a product at a glance, potentially encouraging more informed choices.
- Positive Nutrient Focus: Encourages the consumption of fruits, vegetables, fiber, and protein by giving higher scores to products rich in these nutrients.
Nutriscore
The Nutri-Score is a front-of-pack nutrition labeling system designed to help consumers quickly understand the nutritional quality of food products. It assigns a letter grade from A (most nutritious) to E (least nutritious) based on the product's nutrient profile, including positive components like fiber, protein, and fruits, as well as nutrients to be limited, such as added sugars, saturated fats, and sodium when consumed in excess, which are associated with health risks. The color-coded system (green to red) facilitates easy comparison of products within the same category.
Criticisms
- Over-Simplification: Reducing the nutritional quality of a product to a single letter and color might oversimplify complex nutritional profiles, potentially leading to misconceptions about the healthiness of certain foods.
- Limited Discrimination Capacity in Some Categories: Nutri-Score has shown lower discrimination capacity in very homogeneous subcategories, such as certain categories of oils and margarines, which may limit its effectiveness in helping consumers make healthier food choices.
Type of measurement:
Summary: These labels provide an overall assessment of the nutritional quality of a food product, often using a single symbol, letter grade, or star rating.Graded: These systems use scales (color, numerical, alphabetical, etc.) to evaluate and compare foods at a glance.
Out of Scope
Products such as herbs and spices, alcoholic beverages, dietary supplements, and foods for special nutritional uses are excluded from the Nutri-Score system according to European regulations.
Adopted in
France, Belgium, Spain, Netherlands, German, Luxembourg, Switzerland. The usage is voluntary.
See sources
How it works
Benefits
Products that meet specific nutritional criteria for lower levels of fat, added sugar, and sodium, and higher levels of whole grains and fiber, can display the Healthier Choice symbol. The criteria are category-specific, ensuring that healthier options within each food category are easily identifiable to consumers.Positive Points: Assigned to beneficial nutrients.
- Whole Grains: Products high in whole grains earn positive points.
- Fiber: High dietary fiber content is rewarded.
- Vitamins and Minerals: Presence of essential nutrients contributes positively.
Negative Points: Given to less favorable components.
- Fat: Products with lower fat content are preferred.
- Sugars: Low sugar levels are favored.
- Sodium (Salt): Reduced sodium content is considered positive.
Products meeting these criteria can display the Healthier Choice symbol, guiding consumers to healthier options.
- Identifiable Symbol: The Healthier Choice symbol makes it easy for consumers to identify healthier food options quickly.
- Nutritional Standards: Products meeting stringent nutritional criteria for lower fat, added sugar, and sodium levels can display the symbol.
- Category-Specific: The criteria are tailored for different food categories, allowing for more precise nutritional benchmarks.
- Consumer Confidence: Builds trust among consumers by ensuring that labeled products adhere to high nutritional standards.
Healthier Choice
The Healthier Choice symbol is a front-of-pack label used in Singapore to help consumers identify healthier food options within specific product categories. Administered by the Health Promotion Board, products that meet stringent nutritional criteria for lower levels of fat, added sugar, and sodium that when consumed in excess are associated with health risks, and higher levels of whole grains and fiber, can display the symbol. The goal is to encourage healthier eating habits among the population.
Criticisms
- Focus on Individual Nutrients: The emphasis on single nutrients, it warns about the product having some healthy nutrients, it may not provide a complete picture of a food's healthfulness .
- Potential for Misleading Consumers: Some products might meet the criteria for the symbol but still contain unhealthy levels of other nutrients not considered by the system. It only considers the positive score of certain ingredients.
Out of Scope
Type of measurement:
Fresh, unprocessed foods such as fruits, vegetables, and raw meats are generally not included in the Healthier Choice labeling. The system is aimed at processed and packaged foods that can vary in their nutritional content. Dietary supplements, herbs and spices, and alcoholic beverages are also excluded from the Healthier Choice program.
Summary: These labels provide an overall assessment of the nutritional quality of a food product, often using a single symbol, letter grade, or star rating.Simple Symbols: These are systems that use a simple, clear symbol to advise consumers that a product is generally healthy or unhealthy.
Adopted in
Singapore and Thailand. The usage is voluntary.
See sources
How it works
Benefits
Products that meet stringent nutritional criteria for lower levels of fat, added sugars, and sodium and higher levels of dietary fiber and whole grains can display the Keyhole symbol. The criteria are developed based on scientific evidence and are consistent across the Nordic countries, making it easier for consumers to choose more informed choices. It helps consumer to do more informed food options in Nordic countries based on specific nutritional criteria. Positive Points: Assigned to beneficial nutrients and ingredients.
- Whole Grains: High whole grain content is rewarded.
- Fiber: Foods rich in dietary fiber earn positive points.
- Fruits and Vegetables: The presence of these ingredients is considered beneficial.
- Reduced Calories: Foods that meet caloric reduction criteria in certain categories are also rewarded.
Negative Points: Given to components that should be limited.
- Fat: Lower fat content is preferred.
- Sugars: Reduced sugar levels are favorable.
- Sodium (Salt): Lower sodium content is considered positive.
Products that meet these criteria can display the Keyhole symbol, helping consumers identify healthier choices.
- Simple Label: The Keyhole symbol helps consumers easily identify more informed food choices based on stringent nutritional criteria.
- Consistency Across Borders: Used in multiple Nordic countries, providing a consistent and recognizable label that aids consumer decision-making.
The Keyhole
Criticisms
The Keyhole is a nutrition label used in Nordic countries (Sweden, Denmark, Norway, and Iceland) to indicate healthier food options. Administered by respective national health authorities, it sets criteria for lower levels of fat, added sugars, and sodium, when consumed in excess are associated with health risks, and higher levels of dietary fiber and whole grains. Products that meet these criteria can display the Keyhole symbol. This label aims to make it easier for consumers to make healthier choices at the point of purchase.
- Over-Simplification: The simple symbol might oversimplify nutritional information, leading to potential misconceptions about the health benefits of foods.
- Criteria challenges: Some food industries find it difficult to meet the criteria for sodium and whole grains in some food categories, such as cheeses and sauces. Reducing sodium can affect the taste and acceptability of the product.
Type of measurement:
Summary: These labels provide an overall assessment of the nutritional quality of a food product, often using a single symbol, letter grade, or star rating.Simple Symbols: These are systems that use a simple, clear symbol to advise consumers that a product is generally more balanced or nutritionally appropriate.
Out of Scope
Unprocessed foods such as fresh fruits, vegetables, and raw meats are not covered by the Keyhole labeling system. The system also excludes dietary supplements, herbs, spices, snacks, beverage and juice. The system focuses on processed and packaged foods where reformulation can lead to significant nutritional improvements.
Adopted in
Sweden, Denmark, Norway, Iceland, Lithuania and Macedonia. The usage is voluntary.
See sources
How it works
Benefits
Products are evaluated based on their content of energy, saturated fats, added sugars, and sodium. Each nutrient is assigned points, and the total score determines if a product is classified as high in fat, sugar, or salt. Foods with higher scores are considered less balanced. This scoring helps in identifying and regulating the marketing of less healthy foods. Positive Points: Assigned to nutrients that contribute to a healthier diet.
- Vitamins: Foods rich in essential vitamins earn positive points.
- Minerals: Presence of beneficial minerals like calcium and iron is rewarded.
- Dietary Fiber: High fiber content is considered favorable.
- Omega-3 Fatty Acids: These healthy fats contribute positive points.
- Whole Grains: Foods containing whole grains receive positive points.
Negative Points: Assigned to nutrients that should have limited consumption.
- Saturated Fat: High levels are given negative points.
- Added Sugars: Excess added sugar content scores negatively.
- Sodium (Salt): High sodium levels also contribute negative points.\
The total score determines the number of stars a product receives, ranging from zero to three stars, with more stars indicating better nutritional quality.
- Simple Rating: Uses a straightforward star system (0 to 3 stars) to help consumers identify nutrient-rich foods easily.
- Nutrient Emphasis: Highlights beneficial nutrients like vitamins, minerals, and fiber, guiding healthier choices.
Guiding Stars
Criticisms
Guiding Stars is a nutrition guidance program developed in the United States that rates the nutritional quality of food products using a simple star system. Foods are evaluated based on their content of vitamins, minerals, dietary fiber, whole grains, omega-3 fatty acids, and nutrients to be limited, such as added sugars, saturated fat, and sodium that when consumed in excess are associated with health risks. Products receive one, two, or three stars, with three stars indicating the highest nutritional value. This system aims to help consumers make healthier choices easily.
- Over-Simplification: The star system might oversimplify the nutritional value of foods, potentially leading to misconceptions about their health benefits. Only gives ratings to nutritious foods and doesn't label foods that don't get stars.
- Focus on Individual Nutrients: The emphasis on single nutrients may not provide a complete picture of a food's healthfulness. The system disfavors foods with saturated fats and salt, overemphasizing fiber and ignoring the value of protein.
Type of measurement:
Summary: These labels provide an overall assessment of the nutritional quality of a food product, often using a single symbol, letter grade, or star rating.Graded: These systems use scales (color, numerical, alphabetical, etc.) to evaluate and compare foods at a glance.
Adopted in
Out of Scope
United States and Canada, the usage is voluntary.
The Guiding Stars system does not cover fresh, unprocessed foods such as fruits, vegetables, and meats. It focuses on packaged and processed foods, providing ratings based on their nutrient content. Additionally, dietary supplements, herbs and spices, and alcoholic beverages are not included in the scope of the Guiding Stars ratings.
See sources
How it works
Benefits
Products marked with the Heart Symbol meet stringent nutritional criteria, which vary based on the product category, including processed meats, dairy products, and baked goods. The criteria focus primarily on fat, sodium, sugar, and fiber, with a strong emphasis on cardiovascular health. The criteria are regularly updated to reflect current nutritional guidelines and recommendations in Finland. The symbol is intended to make it easier for consumers to identify healthier choices within each food category. Positive Points: It promotes the following nutritional benefits:
- Healthier Fats: The product contains lower amounts of total fat and prioritizes healthier fats (unsaturated fats) while minimizing saturated and trans fats.
- Low Sodium: Sodium content is minimized, promoting cardiovascular health.
- Reduced Sugars: Added sugars are limited in products like snacks and beverages.
- High Fiber: Products rich in fiber, such as whole grain options, are favored.
Negative Points: The Heart Symbol does not assign negative points directly, but it focuses on limiting the following nutrients:
- Saturated and Trans Fats: These fats are minimized in products with the Heart Symbol.
- Added Sugars: High levels of added sugars disqualify a product from receiving the Heart Symbol.
- Sodium: Products high in sodium do not qualify
- Guides Healthier Choices: The Heart Symbol helps consumers quickly identify products that align with recommendations for better cardiovascular health.
- Easy Recognition: It provides an easy-to-understand label for consumers looking to improve their dietary choices, especially regarding fat and sodium.
- Science-Based Criteria: The Heart Symbol's criteria are based on the latest scientific evidence and national dietary guidelines.
Heart Symbol
The Heart Symbol is a front-of-pack label used in Finland to help consumers identify healthier food options within specific product categories. Administered by the Finnish Heart Association, the Heart Symbol indicates that a product is a better choice in terms of fat (quality and quantity), sodium, sugar, and fiber, depending on the product group, particularly focused on cardiovascular health. The goal is to support healthier dietary habits by providing clear and reliable nutritional information at a glance.
Criticisms
- Focus on Individual Nutrients: Like other nutrient profiling systems, the Heart Symbol emphasizes certain nutrients (e.g., fats, sodium, and fiber) but may not fully address the overall balance of a food product.
- Not Comprehensive for All Health Needs: While useful for cardiovascular health, the Heart Symbol might not consider other health-related factors such as protein content or micronutrient density.
Type of measureent:
Summary: These labels provide an overall assessment of the nutritional quality of a food product, often using a single symbol, letter grade, or star rating. Simple Symbols: These are systems that use a simple, clear symbol to advise consumers that a product is generally healthy or less healthy.
Out of Scope
It also excludes dietary supplements, alcoholic beverages, and certain highly processed food products.
Adopted in
The Heart Symbol is primarily used in Finland and is regulated by the Finnish Heart Association. Its use is voluntary, and it is commonly seen on processed and packaged foods in the Finnish market.
See sources
How it works
Benefits
Products marked with the Heart Symbol meet stringent nutritional criteria, which vary based on the product category, including processed meats, dairy products, and baked goods. The criteria focus primarily on fat, sodium, sugar, and fiber, with a strong emphasis on cardiovascular health. The criteria are regularly updated to reflect current nutritional guidelines and recommendations in Finland. The symbol is intended to make it easier for consumers to identify healthier choices within each food category. Positive Points: It promotes the following nutritional benefits:
- Healthier Fats: The product contains lower amounts of total fat and prioritizes healthier fats (unsaturated fats) while minimizing saturated and trans fats.
- Low Sodium: Sodium content is minimized, promoting cardiovascular health.
- Reduced Sugars: Added sugars are limited in products like snacks and beverages.
- High Fiber: Products rich in fiber, such as whole grain options, are favored.
Negative Points: The Heart Symbol does not assign negative points directly, but it focuses on limiting the following nutrients:
- Saturated and Trans Fats: These fats are minimized in products with the Heart Symbol.
- Added Sugars: High levels of added sugars disqualify a product from receiving the Heart Symbol.
- Sodium: Products high in sodium do not qualify
- Guides Healthier Choices: The Heart Symbol helps consumers quickly identify products that align with recommendations for better cardiovascular health.
- Easy Recognition: It provides an easy-to-understand label for consumers looking to improve their dietary choices, especially regarding fat and sodium.
- Science-Based Criteria: The Heart Symbol's criteria are based on the latest scientific evidence and national dietary guidelines.
Heart Symbol
The Heart Symbol is a front-of-pack label used in Finland to help consumers identify healthier food options within specific product categories. Administered by the Finnish Heart Association, the Heart Symbol indicates that a product is a better choice in terms of fat (quality and quantity), sodium, sugar, and fiber, depending on the product group, particularly focused on cardiovascular health. The goal is to support healthier dietary habits by providing clear and reliable nutritional information at a glance.
Criticisms
- Focus on Individual Nutrients: Like other nutrient profiling systems, the Heart Symbol emphasizes certain nutrients (e.g., fats, sodium, and fiber) but may not fully address the overall balance of a food product.
- Not Comprehensive for All Health Needs: While useful for cardiovascular health, the Heart Symbol might not consider other health-related factors such as protein content or micronutrient density.
Type of measureent:
Summary: These labels provide an overall assessment of the nutritional quality of a food product, often using a single symbol, letter grade, or star rating. Simple Symbols: These are systems that use a simple, clear symbol to advise consumers that a product is generally healthy or less healthy.
Out of Scope
It also excludes dietary supplements, alcoholic beverages, and certain highly processed food products.
Adopted in
The Heart Symbol is primarily used in Finland and is regulated by the Finnish Heart Association. Its use is voluntary, and it is commonly seen on processed and packaged foods in the Finnish market.
See sources
How it works
Benefits
Products are evaluated based on their content of energy, saturated fats, added sugars, and sodium. Each nutrient is assigned points, and the total score determines if a product is classified as high in fat, sugar, or salt. Foods with higher scores are considered less balanced. This scoring helps in identifying and regulating the marketing of less healthy foods. Positive Points: Assigned to nutrients that contribute to a healthier diet.
- Vitamins: Foods rich in essential vitamins earn positive points.
- Minerals: Presence of beneficial minerals like calcium and iron is rewarded.
- Dietary Fiber: High fiber content is considered favorable.
- Omega-3 Fatty Acids: These healthy fats contribute positive points.
- Whole Grains: Foods containing whole grains receive positive points.
Negative Points: Assigned to nutrients that should have limited consumption.
- Saturated Fat: High levels are given negative points.
- Added Sugars: Excess added sugar content scores negatively.
- Sodium (Salt): High sodium levels also contribute negative points.\
The total score determines the number of stars a product receives, ranging from zero to three stars, with more stars indicating better nutritional quality.
- Simple Rating: Uses a straightforward star system (0 to 3 stars) to help consumers identify nutrient-rich foods easily.
- Nutrient Emphasis: Highlights beneficial nutrients like vitamins, minerals, and fiber, guiding healthier choices.
Guiding Stars
Criticisms
Guiding Stars is a nutrition guidance program developed in the United States that rates the nutritional quality of food products using a simple star system. Foods are evaluated based on their content of vitamins, minerals, dietary fiber, whole grains, omega-3 fatty acids, and nutrients to be limited, such as added sugars, saturated fat, and sodium that when consumed in excess are associated with health risks. Products receive one, two, or three stars, with three stars indicating the highest nutritional value. This system aims to help consumers make healthier choices easily.
- Over-Simplification: The star system might oversimplify the nutritional value of foods, potentially leading to misconceptions about their health benefits. Only gives ratings to nutritious foods and doesn't label foods that don't get stars.
- Focus on Individual Nutrients: The emphasis on single nutrients may not provide a complete picture of a food's healthfulness. The system disfavors foods with saturated fats and salt, overemphasizing fiber and ignoring the value of protein.
Type of measurement:
Summary: These labels provide an overall assessment of the nutritional quality of a food product, often using a single symbol, letter grade, or star rating.Graded: These systems use scales (color, numerical, alphabetical, etc.) to evaluate and compare foods at a glance.
Adopted in
Out of Scope
United States and Canada, the usage is voluntary.
The Guiding Stars system does not cover fresh, unprocessed foods such as fruits, vegetables, and meats. It focuses on packaged and processed foods, providing ratings based on their nutrient content. Additionally, dietary supplements, herbs and spices, and alcoholic beverages are not included in the scope of the Guiding Stars ratings.
See sources
How it works
Benefits
Products are labeled with colors red, amber, and green based on their levels of fat, saturated fat, added sugars, and sodium, per 100g or 100ml. Green indicates low levels, amber indicates medium levels, and red indicates high levels of these nutrients. This color-coding allows consumers to quickly assess the nutritional quality of a product and make more informed choices.Positive Points: This system does not assign positive points but indicates low levels of certain nutrients with green labels
- Green Label: Indicates low levels of fat, saturated fat, added sugars, and sodium, signaling more balanced options.
Negative Points: These are indicated by red labels for high levels of nutrients that should be limited.
- Red Label: Indicates high levels of fat, saturated fat, added sugars, and sodium, signaling less balanced options.
- Amber Label: Represents medium levels of these nutrients, indicating moderate health impact.
This visual system helps consumers quickly identify healthier and less healthy food choices based on nutrient levels..
- Visual Clarity: The color-coded labels (red, amber, green) provide an immediate visual indication of nutritional quality, aiding quick decision-making.
- Consumer Empowerment: Helps consumers make more informed food choices by easily identifying high, medium, and low levels of fat, saturated fat, added sugars, and sodium.
- Greater Transparency: The traffic lights system may make it harder for manufacturers to mask or downplay the less healthy aspects of their products.
UK Traffic Light
The Traffic Lights system is a front-of-pack labeling scheme that uses color coding to indicate the nutritional quality of food products. Developed in the UK, it assigns red, amber, and green labels to represent high, medium, and low levels of fat, saturated fat, added sugars, and sodium, respectively. This visual system helps consumers make more informed food choices at a glance by highlighting the nutritional content of foods in an easily understandable format.
Criticisms
- Over-Simplification: Using color codes can oversimplify the nutritional complexity of foods, leading to potential misconceptions.
- Focus on Individual Nutrients: The emphasis on single nutrients may not provide a complete picture of a food’s overall nutritional balance.
- Potential for Misleading Labels: There are some mistaken positive associations with processed products. Some products may receive a green label for low levels of certain nutrients but still be less balanced due to other factors not considered by the system.
Type of measurement:
Out of Scope
Nutrient Specifc: These labels identify some components that should be limited in their consumption with a focus on individual nutrients.Color Coded: These provide a color-based measurement system that helps consumers evaluate products by specified quality of nutrients.
Unprocessed foods such as fresh fruits, vegetables, and raw meats are generally not covered by the Traffic Lights system. The focus is on processed and packaged foods where nutrient levels can vary significantly. Dietary supplements, herbs and spices, and alcoholic beverages are also excluded from the scope of this labeling system.
Adopted in
United Kingdom, the usage is voluntary.
See sources
How it works
Benefits
Products that meet specific nutritional criteria for lower levels of fat, added sugar, and sodium, and higher levels of whole grains and fiber, can display the Healthier Choice symbol. The criteria are category-specific, ensuring that healthier options within each food category are easily identifiable to consumers.Positive Points: Assigned to beneficial nutrients.
- Whole Grains: Products high in whole grains earn positive points.
- Fiber: High dietary fiber content is rewarded.
- Vitamins and Minerals: Presence of essential nutrients contributes positively.
Negative Points: Given to less favorable components.
- Fat: Products with lower fat content are preferred.
- Sugars: Low sugar levels are favored.
- Sodium (Salt): Reduced sodium content is considered positive.
Products meeting these criteria can display the Healthier Choice symbol, guiding consumers to healthier options.
- Identifiable Symbol: The Healthier Choice symbol makes it easy for consumers to identify healthier food options quickly.
- Nutritional Standards: Products meeting stringent nutritional criteria for lower fat, added sugar, and sodium levels can display the symbol.
- Category-Specific: The criteria are tailored for different food categories, allowing for more precise nutritional benchmarks.
- Consumer Confidence: Builds trust among consumers by ensuring that labeled products adhere to high nutritional standards.
Healthier Choice
The Healthier Choice symbol is a front-of-pack label used in Singapore to help consumers identify healthier food options within specific product categories. Administered by the Health Promotion Board, products that meet stringent nutritional criteria for lower levels of fat, added sugar, and sodium that when consumed in excess are associated with health risks, and higher levels of whole grains and fiber, can display the symbol. The goal is to encourage healthier eating habits among the population.
Criticisms
- Focus on Individual Nutrients: The emphasis on single nutrients, it warns about the product having some healthy nutrients, it may not provide a complete picture of a food's healthfulness .
- Potential for Misleading Consumers: Some products might meet the criteria for the symbol but still contain unhealthy levels of other nutrients not considered by the system. It only considers the positive score of certain ingredients.
Out of Scope
Type of measurement:
Fresh, unprocessed foods such as fruits, vegetables, and raw meats are generally not included in the Healthier Choice labeling. The system is aimed at processed and packaged foods that can vary in their nutritional content. Dietary supplements, herbs and spices, and alcoholic beverages are also excluded from the Healthier Choice program.
Summary: These labels provide an overall assessment of the nutritional quality of a food product, often using a single symbol, letter grade, or star rating.Simple Symbols: These are systems that use a simple, clear symbol to advise consumers that a product is generally healthy or unhealthy.
Adopted in
Singapore and Thailand. The usage is voluntary.
See sources
How it works
Benefits
Products are assessed based on their content of added sugars, total fat, saturated fat, trans fat, and sodium per 100g or 100ml. Foods and beverages that exceed set thresholds for these nutrients are classified as less healthy. This model guides regulatory actions such as labeling, marketing restrictions, and fiscal policies to promote healthier diets. Positive Points: This model does not explicitly assign positive points, focusing instead on identifying and limiting harmful nutrients. Negative Points: Assigned to nutrients that should have limited consumption.
- Added Sugars, sweeteners: High levels earn negative points.
- Total Fat: Foods with high total fat content are given negative points.
- Saturated and Trans Fats: These unhealthy fats contribute negatively.
- Sodium (Salt): High sodium levels result in negative points.
The model is used to categorize processed foods and beverages, guiding regulations on marketing, labeling, and fiscal policies to promote healthier diets..
- Public Health Focus: It addresses a significant public health concern by attempting to combat the growing rates of obesity and non-communicable diseases in the Americas.
- Regulatory Framework: Assists in the development of policies for marketing, labeling, and fiscal measures to promote healthier eating.
- Region-Specific: Provides a tailored approach to nutrition labeling in the Americas, addressing local dietary challenges.
- Incentive for Manufacturers: Since it is mandatory, it encourages the food industry to reformulate products to be healthier.
PAHO
he PAHO Nutrient Profile Model was developed by the Pan American Health Organization to classify processed foods and beverages that are excessive in critical nutrients associated with non-communicable diseases. It evaluates products based on their content of added sugars, sodium, and total fat, including saturated and trans fats, that when consumed in excess are associated with health risks. The model aims to guide policies on food marketing, labeling, and fiscal measures to promote healthier diets in the Americas.
Criticisms
- Limited Scope: The model focuses on limiting less healthy nutrients without giving enough recognition to positive nutrients and overall dietary patterns.
- Sweeteners as a negative point: It positions sweeteners as potentially harmful to health, but others argue that their benefits in sugar reduction and weight control outweigh the possible risks
- Economic Impact: Stricter regulations based on the model might negatively impact the sales of traditional or locally popular foods.
Out of Scope
The PAHO Nutrient Profile Model excludes fresh and minimally processed foods like fruits, vegetables, and unprocessed meats, which are generally considered healthy. It also does not cover dietary supplements, alcoholic beverages, herbs, and spices.
Type of measurement:
Nutrient Specifc: These labels identify some nutrients that should be limited in their consumption with a focus on individual nutrients.Warning: These systems flag nutrients that are present in high amounts, indicating they may exceed dietary recommendations or thresholds.
Adopted in
The PAHO Nutrient Profile Model has been used for regulatory purposes in various Latin American countries, including Argentina, Mexico , and Peru. It serves as a flexible guideline, allowing each country in the Americas region to adapt it to its specific reality and needs.
See sources
How it works
Benefits
- Comprehensive Assessment: Provides a balanced evaluation of both beneficial nutrients and those that should be limited, offering a holistic view of the product’s nutritional quality.
- Consumer Guidance: The star rating (0.5 to 5 stars) helps consumers quickly identify products that are more nutritionally balanced and make better-informed choices.
- Holistic Approach: Rather than focusing on a single nutrient, the system evaluates multiple factors, including sodium, added sugars, and saturated fats, as well as beneficial nutrients like fiber and protein, along with ingredients like fruits, vegetables, and nuts.
Products are rated from 0.5 to 5 stars based on their overall nutrient profile. The rating is calculated by balancing beneficial nutrients like protein and fiber, as well as ingredients like fruits, vegetables, and legumes, with nutrients that, when consumed in excess, are associated with health risks, such as saturated fats, added sugars, and sodium. A higher star rating reflects a more favorable nutritional balance. Positive Points: Assigned to beneficial nutrients and ingredients.
- Protein: Higher protein content earns positive points.
- Dietary Fiber: Foods high in fiber receive positive points.
- Fruits, Vegetables, Nuts, and Legumes: The inclusion of these ingredients contributes positively to the rating.
- Vitamins and Minerals: The presence of essential vitamins and minerals is also seen as beneficial and earns positive points.
Negative Points: Assigned to nutrients that should be limited to avoid potential health risks when consumed in excess:
- Energy (Calories): While energy is essential, high caloric density may receive negative points when it contributes to an imbalanced nutrient profile.
- Saturated Fats: Excessive consumption of saturated fats is associated with health risks and receives negative points.
- Added Sugars: High levels of added sugars contribute to negative points due to their link to health risks.
- Sodium (Salt): Excessive sodium intake is linked to health risks and also results in negative points.
Health Star
The Health Star Rating System is a front-of-pack labeling system used in Australia and New Zealand to provide consumers with an at-a-glance guide to the nutritional quality of packaged foods. Developed in collaboration with governments, industry, and consumer groups, it rates products from 0.5 to 5 stars based on their nutrient profile, which includes nutrients such as protein, fiber, added sugars, saturated fats, and sodium, as well as the presence of ingredients like fruits, vegetables, nuts, and legumes. The higher the star rating, the more nutritionally balanced the product is considered.
Criticisms
- Over-Simplification: Some critics argue that the system might oversimplify complex nutritional profiles, as it can favor processed foods with added beneficial ingredients, potentially misleading consumers about the product’s overall health impact.
- Focus on Individual Nutrients: The system might emphasize specific nutrients, such as fats or sugars, without considering the broader context of the overall diet, which can be misleading.
Type of measurement:
Summary: These labels provide an overall assessment of the nutritional quality of a food product, often using a single symbol, letter grade, or star rating.Graded: These systems use scales (color, numerical, alphabetical, etc.) to evaluate and compare foods at a glance.
Out of Scope
Adopted in
FFresh, unprocessed foods like fruits and vegetables, as well as products such as condiments, sauces, and foods for special medical purposes, are not rated by the Health Star Rating system Additionally, the system excludes dietary supplements, herbs, spices, and alcoholic beverages.
Australia and New Zealand.The usage is voluntary.
See sources
How it works
Benefits
Products are labeled with colors red, amber, and green based on their levels of fat, saturated fat, added sugars, and sodium, per 100g or 100ml. Green indicates low levels, amber indicates medium levels, and red indicates high levels of these nutrients. This color-coding allows consumers to quickly assess the nutritional quality of a product and make more informed choices.Positive Points: This system does not assign positive points but indicates low levels of certain nutrients with green labels
- Green Label: Indicates low levels of fat, saturated fat, added sugars, and sodium, signaling more balanced options.
Negative Points: These are indicated by red labels for high levels of nutrients that should be limited.
- Red Label: Indicates high levels of fat, saturated fat, added sugars, and sodium, signaling less balanced options.
- Amber Label: Represents medium levels of these nutrients, indicating moderate health impact.
This visual system helps consumers quickly identify healthier and less healthy food choices based on nutrient levels..
- Visual Clarity: The color-coded labels (red, amber, green) provide an immediate visual indication of nutritional quality, aiding quick decision-making.
- Consumer Empowerment: Helps consumers make more informed food choices by easily identifying high, medium, and low levels of fat, saturated fat, added sugars, and sodium.
- Greater Transparency: The traffic lights system may make it harder for manufacturers to mask or downplay the less healthy aspects of their products.
UK Traffic Light
The Traffic Lights system is a front-of-pack labeling scheme that uses color coding to indicate the nutritional quality of food products. Developed in the UK, it assigns red, amber, and green labels to represent high, medium, and low levels of fat, saturated fat, added sugars, and sodium, respectively. This visual system helps consumers make more informed food choices at a glance by highlighting the nutritional content of foods in an easily understandable format.
Criticisms
- Over-Simplification: Using color codes can oversimplify the nutritional complexity of foods, leading to potential misconceptions.
- Focus on Individual Nutrients: The emphasis on single nutrients may not provide a complete picture of a food’s overall nutritional balance.
- Potential for Misleading Labels: There are some mistaken positive associations with processed products. Some products may receive a green label for low levels of certain nutrients but still be less balanced due to other factors not considered by the system.
Type of measurement:
Out of Scope
Nutrient Specifc: These labels identify some components that should be limited in their consumption with a focus on individual nutrients.Color Coded: These provide a color-based measurement system that helps consumers evaluate products by specified quality of nutrients.
Unprocessed foods such as fresh fruits, vegetables, and raw meats are generally not covered by the Traffic Lights system. The focus is on processed and packaged foods where nutrient levels can vary significantly. Dietary supplements, herbs and spices, and alcoholic beverages are also excluded from the scope of this labeling system.
Adopted in
United Kingdom, the usage is voluntary.
See sources
How it works
Benefits
- Comprehensive Assessment: Provides a balanced evaluation of both beneficial nutrients and those that should be limited, offering a holistic view of the product’s nutritional quality.
- Consumer Guidance: The star rating (0.5 to 5 stars) helps consumers quickly identify products that are more nutritionally balanced and make better-informed choices.
- Holistic Approach: Rather than focusing on a single nutrient, the system evaluates multiple factors, including sodium, added sugars, and saturated fats, as well as beneficial nutrients like fiber and protein, along with ingredients like fruits, vegetables, and nuts.
Products are rated from 0.5 to 5 stars based on their overall nutrient profile. The rating is calculated by balancing beneficial nutrients like protein and fiber, as well as ingredients like fruits, vegetables, and legumes, with nutrients that, when consumed in excess, are associated with health risks, such as saturated fats, added sugars, and sodium. A higher star rating reflects a more favorable nutritional balance. Positive Points: Assigned to beneficial nutrients and ingredients.
- Protein: Higher protein content earns positive points.
- Dietary Fiber: Foods high in fiber receive positive points.
- Fruits, Vegetables, Nuts, and Legumes: The inclusion of these ingredients contributes positively to the rating.
- Vitamins and Minerals: The presence of essential vitamins and minerals is also seen as beneficial and earns positive points.
Negative Points: Assigned to nutrients that should be limited to avoid potential health risks when consumed in excess:
- Energy (Calories): While energy is essential, high caloric density may receive negative points when it contributes to an imbalanced nutrient profile.
- Saturated Fats: Excessive consumption of saturated fats is associated with health risks and receives negative points.
- Added Sugars: High levels of added sugars contribute to negative points due to their link to health risks.
- Sodium (Salt): Excessive sodium intake is linked to health risks and also results in negative points.
Health Star
The Health Star Rating System is a front-of-pack labeling system used in Australia and New Zealand to provide consumers with an at-a-glance guide to the nutritional quality of packaged foods. Developed in collaboration with governments, industry, and consumer groups, it rates products from 0.5 to 5 stars based on their nutrient profile, which includes nutrients such as protein, fiber, added sugars, saturated fats, and sodium, as well as the presence of ingredients like fruits, vegetables, nuts, and legumes. The higher the star rating, the more nutritionally balanced the product is considered.
Criticisms
- Over-Simplification: Some critics argue that the system might oversimplify complex nutritional profiles, as it can favor processed foods with added beneficial ingredients, potentially misleading consumers about the product’s overall health impact.
- Focus on Individual Nutrients: The system might emphasize specific nutrients, such as fats or sugars, without considering the broader context of the overall diet, which can be misleading.
Type of measurement:
Summary: These labels provide an overall assessment of the nutritional quality of a food product, often using a single symbol, letter grade, or star rating.Graded: These systems use scales (color, numerical, alphabetical, etc.) to evaluate and compare foods at a glance.
Out of Scope
Adopted in
FFresh, unprocessed foods like fruits and vegetables, as well as products such as condiments, sauces, and foods for special medical purposes, are not rated by the Health Star Rating system Additionally, the system excludes dietary supplements, herbs, spices, and alcoholic beverages.
Australia and New Zealand.The usage is voluntary.
See sources
How it works
Benefits
Products are assessed based on their content of added sugars, total fat, saturated fat, trans fat, and sodium per 100g or 100ml. Foods and beverages that exceed set thresholds for these nutrients are classified as less healthy. This model guides regulatory actions such as labeling, marketing restrictions, and fiscal policies to promote healthier diets. Positive Points: This model does not explicitly assign positive points, focusing instead on identifying and limiting harmful nutrients. Negative Points: Assigned to nutrients that should have limited consumption.
- Added Sugars, sweeteners: High levels earn negative points.
- Total Fat: Foods with high total fat content are given negative points.
- Saturated and Trans Fats: These unhealthy fats contribute negatively.
- Sodium (Salt): High sodium levels result in negative points.
The model is used to categorize processed foods and beverages, guiding regulations on marketing, labeling, and fiscal policies to promote healthier diets..
- Public Health Focus: It addresses a significant public health concern by attempting to combat the growing rates of obesity and non-communicable diseases in the Americas.
- Regulatory Framework: Assists in the development of policies for marketing, labeling, and fiscal measures to promote healthier eating.
- Region-Specific: Provides a tailored approach to nutrition labeling in the Americas, addressing local dietary challenges.
- Incentive for Manufacturers: Since it is mandatory, it encourages the food industry to reformulate products to be healthier.
PAHO
he PAHO Nutrient Profile Model was developed by the Pan American Health Organization to classify processed foods and beverages that are excessive in critical nutrients associated with non-communicable diseases. It evaluates products based on their content of added sugars, sodium, and total fat, including saturated and trans fats, that when consumed in excess are associated with health risks. The model aims to guide policies on food marketing, labeling, and fiscal measures to promote healthier diets in the Americas.
Criticisms
- Limited Scope: The model focuses on limiting less healthy nutrients without giving enough recognition to positive nutrients and overall dietary patterns.
- Sweeteners as a negative point: It positions sweeteners as potentially harmful to health, but others argue that their benefits in sugar reduction and weight control outweigh the possible risks
- Economic Impact: Stricter regulations based on the model might negatively impact the sales of traditional or locally popular foods.
Out of Scope
The PAHO Nutrient Profile Model excludes fresh and minimally processed foods like fruits, vegetables, and unprocessed meats, which are generally considered healthy. It also does not cover dietary supplements, alcoholic beverages, herbs, and spices.
Type of measurement:
Nutrient Specifc: These labels identify some nutrients that should be limited in their consumption with a focus on individual nutrients.Warning: These systems flags nutrients that are present in high amounts relative to dietary recommendations.
Adopted in
The PAHO Nutrient Profile Model has been used for regulatory purposes in various Latin American countries, including Argentina, Mexico , and Peru. It serves as a flexible guideline, allowing each country in the Americas region to adapt it to its specific reality and needs.
See sources
How it works
Benefits
Nutri-Score NPM calculates a score based on the nutritional composition per 100g of a food product, considering both healthy nutrients and less healthy, those that should be limited when consumed in excess. Positive Points: These are assigned to nutrients and food components that are beneficial to health. These include:
- Fruits, Vegetables, and Nuts: High content earns positive points.
- Fiber: A high fiber content is considered beneficial.
- Proteins: High-quality protein content also receives positive points.
Negative Points: These are given to components that are associated with health risks when consumed in excess. These include:
- Saturated Fats: Can lower score.
- Sugars: Total sugars can earn negative points.
- Sodium (Salt): High sodium content is also considered less healthy.
The total score, calculated from the sum of positive and negative points, determines the Nutri-Score of a product, which ranges from 'A' (healthier choices) to 'E' (less healthy choices).
- Simplicity for Consumers: The color-coded system and letter grading make it easy for consumers to understand the nutritional quality of a product at a glance, potentially encouraging more informed choices.
- Positive Nutrient Focus: Encourages the consumption of fruits, vegetables, fiber, and protein by giving higher scores to products rich in these nutrients.
Nutriscore
The Nutri-Score is a front-of-pack nutrition labeling system designed to help consumers quickly understand the nutritional quality of food products. It assigns a letter grade from A (most nutritious) to E (least nutritious) based on the product's nutrient profile, including positive components like fiber, protein, and fruits, as well as nutrients to be limited, such as added sugars, saturated fats, and sodium when consumed in excess, which are associated with health risks. The color-coded system (green to red) facilitates easy comparison of products within the same category.
Criticisms
- Over-Simplification: Reducing the nutritional quality of a product to a single letter and color might oversimplify complex nutritional profiles, potentially leading to misconceptions about the healthiness of certain foods.
- Limited Discrimination Capacity in Some Categories: Nutri-Score has shown lower discrimination capacity in very homogeneous subcategories, such as certain categories of oils and margarines, which may limit its effectiveness in helping consumers make healthier food choices.
Type of measurement:
Summary: These labels provide an overall assessment of the nutritional quality of a food product, often using a single symbol, letter grade, or star rating.Graded: These systems use scales (color, numerical, alphabetical, etc.) to evaluate and compare foods at a glance.
Out of Scope
Products such as herbs and spices, alcoholic beverages, dietary supplements, and foods for special nutritional uses are excluded from the Nutri-Score system according to European regulations.
Adopted in
France, Belgium, Spain, Netherlands, German, Luxembourg, Switzerland. The usage is voluntary.
See sources
How it works
Benefits
Products that meet stringent nutritional criteria for lower levels of fat, added sugars, and sodium and higher levels of dietary fiber and whole grains can display the Keyhole symbol. The criteria are developed based on scientific evidence and are consistent across the Nordic countries, making it easier for consumers to choose more informed choices. It helps consumer to do more informed food options in Nordic countries based on specific nutritional criteria. Positive Points: Assigned to beneficial nutrients and ingredients.
- Whole Grains: High whole grain content is rewarded.
- Fiber: Foods rich in dietary fiber earn positive points.
- Fruits and Vegetables: The presence of these ingredients is considered beneficial.
- Reduced Calories: Foods that meet caloric reduction criteria in certain categories are also rewarded.
Negative Points: Given to components that should be limited.
- Fat: Lower fat content is preferred.
- Sugars: Reduced sugar levels are favorable.
- Sodium (Salt): Lower sodium content is considered positive.
Products that meet these criteria can display the Keyhole symbol, helping consumers identify healthier choices.
- Simple Label: The Keyhole symbol helps consumers easily identify more informed food choices based on stringent nutritional criteria.
- Consistency Across Borders: Used in multiple Nordic countries, providing a consistent and recognizable label that aids consumer decision-making.
The Keyhole
Criticisms
The Keyhole is a nutrition label used in Nordic countries (Sweden, Denmark, Norway, and Iceland) to indicate healthier food options. Administered by respective national health authorities, it sets criteria for lower levels of fat, added sugars, and sodium, when consumed in excess are associated with health risks, and higher levels of dietary fiber and whole grains. Products that meet these criteria can display the Keyhole symbol. This label aims to make it easier for consumers to make healthier choices at the point of purchase.
- Over-Simplification: The simple symbol might oversimplify nutritional information, leading to potential misconceptions about the health benefits of foods.
- Criteria challenges: Some food industries find it difficult to meet the criteria for sodium and whole grains in some food categories, such as cheeses and sauces. Reducing sodium can affect the taste and acceptability of the product.
Type of measurement:
Summary: These labels provide an overall assessment of the nutritional quality of a food product, often using a single symbol, letter grade, or star rating.Simple Symbols: These are systems that use a simple, clear symbol to advise consumers that a product is generally more balanced or nutritionally appropriate.
Out of Scope
Unprocessed foods such as fresh fruits, vegetables, and raw meats are not covered by the Keyhole labeling system. The system also excludes dietary supplements, herbs, spices, snacks, beverage and juice. The system focuses on processed and packaged foods where reformulation can lead to significant nutritional improvements.
Adopted in
Sweden, Denmark, Norway, Iceland, Lithuania and Macedonia. The usage is voluntary.
See sources
How it works
Benefits
Products are assessed based on their content of added sugars, total fat, saturated fat, trans fat, and sodium per 100g or 100ml. Foods and beverages that exceed set thresholds for these nutrients are classified as less healthy. This model guides regulatory actions such as labeling, marketing restrictions, and fiscal policies to promote healthier diets. Positive Points: This model does not explicitly assign positive points, focusing instead on identifying and limiting harmful nutrients. Negative Points: Assigned to nutrients that should have limited consumption.
- Added Sugars, sweeteners: High levels earn negative points.
- Total Fat: Foods with high total fat content are given negative points.
- Saturated and Trans Fats: These unhealthy fats contribute negatively.
- Sodium (Salt): High sodium levels result in negative points.
The model is used to categorize processed foods and beverages, guiding regulations on marketing, labeling, and fiscal policies to promote healthier diets..
- Public Health Focus: It addresses a significant public health concern by attempting to combat the growing rates of obesity and non-communicable diseases in the Americas.
- Regulatory Framework: Assists in the development of policies for marketing, labeling, and fiscal measures to promote healthier eating.
- Region-Specific: Provides a tailored approach to nutrition labeling in the Americas, addressing local dietary challenges.
- Incentive for Manufacturers: Since it is mandatory, it encourages the food industry to reformulate products to be healthier.
PAHO
he PAHO Nutrient Profile Model was developed by the Pan American Health Organization to classify processed foods and beverages that are excessive in critical nutrients associated with non-communicable diseases. It evaluates products based on their content of added sugars, sodium, and total fat, including saturated and trans fats, that when consumed in excess are associated with health risks. The model aims to guide policies on food marketing, labeling, and fiscal measures to promote healthier diets in the Americas.
Criticisms
- Limited Scope: The model focuses on limiting less healthy nutrients without giving enough recognition to positive nutrients and overall dietary patterns.
- Sweeteners as a negative point: It positions sweeteners as potentially harmful to health, but others argue that their benefits in sugar reduction and weight control outweigh the possible risks
- Economic Impact: Stricter regulations based on the model might negatively impact the sales of traditional or locally popular foods.
Out of Scope
The PAHO Nutrient Profile Model excludes fresh and minimally processed foods like fruits, vegetables, and unprocessed meats, which are generally considered healthy. It also does not cover dietary supplements, alcoholic beverages, herbs, and spices.
Type of measurement:
Nutrient Specifc: These labels identify some nutrients that should be limited in their consumption with a focus on individual nutrients.Warning: These systems flag nutrients that are present in high amounts, indicating they may exceed dietary recommendations or thresholds.
Adopted in
The PAHO Nutrient Profile Model has been used for regulatory purposes in various Latin American countries, including Argentina, Mexico , and Peru. It serves as a flexible guideline, allowing each country in the Americas region to adapt it to its specific reality and needs.
See sources
How it works
Benefits
Products that meet specific nutritional criteria for lower levels of fat, added sugar, and sodium, and higher levels of whole grains and fiber, can display the Healthier Choice symbol. The criteria are category-specific, ensuring that healthier options within each food category are easily identifiable to consumers.Positive Points: Assigned to beneficial nutrients.
- Whole Grains: Products high in whole grains earn positive points.
- Fiber: High dietary fiber content is rewarded.
- Vitamins and Minerals: Presence of essential nutrients contributes positively.
Negative Points: Given to less favorable components.
- Fat: Products with lower fat content are preferred.
- Sugars: Low sugar levels are favored.
- Sodium (Salt): Reduced sodium content is considered positive.
Products meeting these criteria can display the Healthier Choice symbol, guiding consumers to healthier options.
- Identifiable Symbol: The Healthier Choice symbol makes it easy for consumers to identify healthier food options quickly.
- Nutritional Standards: Products meeting stringent nutritional criteria for lower fat, added sugar, and sodium levels can display the symbol.
- Category-Specific: The criteria are tailored for different food categories, allowing for more precise nutritional benchmarks.
- Consumer Confidence: Builds trust among consumers by ensuring that labeled products adhere to high nutritional standards.
Healthier Choice
The Healthier Choice symbol is a front-of-pack label used in Singapore to help consumers identify healthier food options within specific product categories. Administered by the Health Promotion Board, products that meet stringent nutritional criteria for lower levels of fat, added sugar, and sodium that when consumed in excess are associated with health risks, and higher levels of whole grains and fiber, can display the symbol. The goal is to encourage healthier eating habits among the population.
Criticisms
- Focus on Individual Nutrients: The emphasis on single nutrients, it warns about the product having some healthy nutrients, it may not provide a complete picture of a food's healthfulness .
- Potential for Misleading Consumers: Some products might meet the criteria for the symbol but still contain unhealthy levels of other nutrients not considered by the system. It only considers the positive score of certain ingredients.
Out of Scope
Type of measurement:
Fresh, unprocessed foods such as fruits, vegetables, and raw meats are generally not included in the Healthier Choice labeling. The system is aimed at processed and packaged foods that can vary in their nutritional content. Dietary supplements, herbs and spices, and alcoholic beverages are also excluded from the Healthier Choice program.
Summary: These labels provide an overall assessment of the nutritional quality of a food product, often using a single symbol, letter grade, or star rating.Simple Symbols: These are systems that use a simple, clear symbol to advise consumers that a product is generally healthy or unhealthy.
Adopted in
Singapore and Thailand. The usage is voluntary.
See sources
How it works
Benefits
Products are evaluated based on their content of energy, saturated fats, added sugars, and sodium. Each nutrient is assigned points, and the total score determines if a product is classified as high in fat, sugar, or salt. Foods with higher scores are considered less balanced. This scoring helps in identifying and regulating the marketing of less healthy foods. Positive Points: Assigned to nutrients that contribute to a healthier diet.
- Vitamins: Foods rich in essential vitamins earn positive points.
- Minerals: Presence of beneficial minerals like calcium and iron is rewarded.
- Dietary Fiber: High fiber content is considered favorable.
- Omega-3 Fatty Acids: These healthy fats contribute positive points.
- Whole Grains: Foods containing whole grains receive positive points.
Negative Points: Assigned to nutrients that should have limited consumption.
- Saturated Fat: High levels are given negative points.
- Added Sugars: Excess added sugar content scores negatively.
- Sodium (Salt): High sodium levels also contribute negative points.\
The total score determines the number of stars a product receives, ranging from zero to three stars, with more stars indicating better nutritional quality.
- Simple Rating: Uses a straightforward star system (0 to 3 stars) to help consumers identify nutrient-rich foods easily.
- Nutrient Emphasis: Highlights beneficial nutrients like vitamins, minerals, and fiber, guiding healthier choices.
Guiding Stars
Criticisms
Guiding Stars is a nutrition guidance program developed in the United States that rates the nutritional quality of food products using a simple star system. Foods are evaluated based on their content of vitamins, minerals, dietary fiber, whole grains, omega-3 fatty acids, and nutrients to be limited, such as added sugars, saturated fat, and sodium that when consumed in excess are associated with health risks. Products receive one, two, or three stars, with three stars indicating the highest nutritional value. This system aims to help consumers make healthier choices easily.
- Over-Simplification: The star system might oversimplify the nutritional value of foods, potentially leading to misconceptions about their health benefits. Only gives ratings to nutritious foods and doesn't label foods that don't get stars.
- Focus on Individual Nutrients: The emphasis on single nutrients may not provide a complete picture of a food's healthfulness. The system disfavors foods with saturated fats and salt, overemphasizing fiber and ignoring the value of protein.
Type of measurement:
Summary: These labels provide an overall assessment of the nutritional quality of a food product, often using a single symbol, letter grade, or star rating.Graded: These systems use scales (color, numerical, alphabetical, etc.) to evaluate and compare foods at a glance.
Adopted in
Out of Scope
United States and Canada, the usage is voluntary.
The Guiding Stars system does not cover fresh, unprocessed foods such as fruits, vegetables, and meats. It focuses on packaged and processed foods, providing ratings based on their nutrient content. Additionally, dietary supplements, herbs and spices, and alcoholic beverages are not included in the scope of the Guiding Stars ratings.
See sources
How it works
Benefits
- Comprehensive Assessment: Provides a balanced evaluation of both beneficial nutrients and those that should be limited, offering a holistic view of the product’s nutritional quality.
- Consumer Guidance: The star rating (0.5 to 5 stars) helps consumers quickly identify products that are more nutritionally balanced and make better-informed choices.
- Holistic Approach: Rather than focusing on a single nutrient, the system evaluates multiple factors, including sodium, added sugars, and saturated fats, as well as beneficial nutrients like fiber and protein, along with ingredients like fruits, vegetables, and nuts.
Products are rated from 0.5 to 5 stars based on their overall nutrient profile. The rating is calculated by balancing beneficial nutrients like protein and fiber, as well as ingredients like fruits, vegetables, and legumes, with nutrients that, when consumed in excess, are associated with health risks, such as saturated fats, added sugars, and sodium. A higher star rating reflects a more favorable nutritional balance. Positive Points: Assigned to beneficial nutrients and ingredients.
- Protein: Higher protein content earns positive points.
- Dietary Fiber: Foods high in fiber receive positive points.
- Fruits, Vegetables, Nuts, and Legumes: The inclusion of these ingredients contributes positively to the rating.
- Vitamins and Minerals: The presence of essential vitamins and minerals is also seen as beneficial and earns positive points.
Negative Points: Assigned to nutrients that should be limited to avoid potential health risks when consumed in excess:
- Energy (Calories): While energy is essential, high caloric density may receive negative points when it contributes to an imbalanced nutrient profile.
- Saturated Fats: Excessive consumption of saturated fats is associated with health risks and receives negative points.
- Added Sugars: High levels of added sugars contribute to negative points due to their link to health risks.
- Sodium (Salt): Excessive sodium intake is linked to health risks and also results in negative points.
Health Star
The Health Star Rating System is a front-of-pack labeling system used in Australia and New Zealand to provide consumers with an at-a-glance guide to the nutritional quality of packaged foods. Developed in collaboration with governments, industry, and consumer groups, it rates products from 0.5 to 5 stars based on their nutrient profile, which includes nutrients such as protein, fiber, added sugars, saturated fats, and sodium, as well as the presence of ingredients like fruits, vegetables, nuts, and legumes. The higher the star rating, the more nutritionally balanced the product is considered.
Criticisms
- Over-Simplification: Some critics argue that the system might oversimplify complex nutritional profiles, as it can favor processed foods with added beneficial ingredients, potentially misleading consumers about the product’s overall health impact.
- Focus on Individual Nutrients: The system might emphasize specific nutrients, such as fats or sugars, without considering the broader context of the overall diet, which can be misleading.
Type of measurement:
Summary: These labels provide an overall assessment of the nutritional quality of a food product, often using a single symbol, letter grade, or star rating.Graded: These systems use scales (color, numerical, alphabetical, etc.) to evaluate and compare foods at a glance.
Out of Scope
Adopted in
FFresh, unprocessed foods like fruits and vegetables, as well as products such as condiments, sauces, and foods for special medical purposes, are not rated by the Health Star Rating system Additionally, the system excludes dietary supplements, herbs, spices, and alcoholic beverages.
Australia and New Zealand.The usage is voluntary.
See sources
How it works
Benefits
Nutri-Score NPM calculates a score based on the nutritional composition per 100g of a food product, considering both healthy nutrients and less healthy, those that should be limited when consumed in excess. Positive Points: These are assigned to nutrients and food components that are beneficial to health. These include:
- Fruits, Vegetables, and Nuts: High content earns positive points.
- Fiber: A high fiber content is considered beneficial.
- Proteins: High-quality protein content also receives positive points.
Negative Points: These are given to components that are associated with health risks when consumed in excess. These include:
- Saturated Fats: Can lower score.
- Sugars: Total sugars can earn negative points.
- Sodium (Salt): High sodium content is also considered less healthy.
The total score, calculated from the sum of positive and negative points, determines the Nutri-Score of a product, which ranges from 'A' (healthier choices) to 'E' (less healthy choices).
- Simplicity for Consumers: The color-coded system and letter grading make it easy for consumers to understand the nutritional quality of a product at a glance, potentially encouraging more informed choices.
- Positive Nutrient Focus: Encourages the consumption of fruits, vegetables, fiber, and protein by giving higher scores to products rich in these nutrients.
Nutriscore
The Nutri-Score is a front-of-pack nutrition labeling system designed to help consumers quickly understand the nutritional quality of food products. It assigns a letter grade from A (most nutritious) to E (least nutritious) based on the product's nutrient profile, including positive components like fiber, protein, and fruits, as well as nutrients to be limited, such as added sugars, saturated fats, and sodium when consumed in excess, which are associated with health risks. The color-coded system (green to red) facilitates easy comparison of products within the same category.
Criticisms
- Over-Simplification: Reducing the nutritional quality of a product to a single letter and color might oversimplify complex nutritional profiles, potentially leading to misconceptions about the healthiness of certain foods.
- Limited Discrimination Capacity in Some Categories: Nutri-Score has shown lower discrimination capacity in very homogeneous subcategories, such as certain categories of oils and margarines, which may limit its effectiveness in helping consumers make healthier food choices.
Type of measurement:
Summary: These labels provide an overall assessment of the nutritional quality of a food product, often using a single symbol, letter grade, or star rating.Graded: These systems use scales (color, numerical, alphabetical, etc.) to evaluate and compare foods at a glance.
Out of Scope
Products such as herbs and spices, alcoholic beverages, dietary supplements, and foods for special nutritional uses are excluded from the Nutri-Score system according to European regulations.
Adopted in
France, Belgium, Spain, Netherlands, German, Luxembourg, Switzerland. The usage is voluntary.
See sources
How it works
Benefits
Products are labeled with colors red, amber, and green based on their levels of fat, saturated fat, added sugars, and sodium, per 100g or 100ml. Green indicates low levels, amber indicates medium levels, and red indicates high levels of these nutrients. This color-coding allows consumers to quickly assess the nutritional quality of a product and make more informed choices.Positive Points: This system does not assign positive points but indicates low levels of certain nutrients with green labels
- Green Label: Indicates low levels of fat, saturated fat, added sugars, and sodium, signaling more balanced options.
Negative Points: These are indicated by red labels for high levels of nutrients that should be limited.
- Red Label: Indicates high levels of fat, saturated fat, added sugars, and sodium, signaling less balanced options.
- Amber Label: Represents medium levels of these nutrients, indicating moderate health impact.
This visual system helps consumers quickly identify healthier and less healthy food choices based on nutrient levels..
- Visual Clarity: The color-coded labels (red, amber, green) provide an immediate visual indication of nutritional quality, aiding quick decision-making.
- Consumer Empowerment: Helps consumers make more informed food choices by easily identifying high, medium, and low levels of fat, saturated fat, added sugars, and sodium.
- Greater Transparency: The traffic lights system may make it harder for manufacturers to mask or downplay the less healthy aspects of their products.
UK Traffic Light
The Traffic Lights system is a front-of-pack labeling scheme that uses color coding to indicate the nutritional quality of food products. Developed in the UK, it assigns red, amber, and green labels to represent high, medium, and low levels of fat, saturated fat, added sugars, and sodium, respectively. This visual system helps consumers make more informed food choices at a glance by highlighting the nutritional content of foods in an easily understandable format.
Criticisms
- Over-Simplification: Using color codes can oversimplify the nutritional complexity of foods, leading to potential misconceptions.
- Focus on Individual Nutrients: The emphasis on single nutrients may not provide a complete picture of a food’s overall nutritional balance.
- Potential for Misleading Labels: There are some mistaken positive associations with processed products. Some products may receive a green label for low levels of certain nutrients but still be less balanced due to other factors not considered by the system.
Type of measurement:
Out of Scope
Nutrient Specifc: These labels identify some components that should be limited in their consumption with a focus on individual nutrients.Color Coded: These provide a color-based measurement system that helps consumers evaluate products by specified quality of nutrients.
Unprocessed foods such as fresh fruits, vegetables, and raw meats are generally not covered by the Traffic Lights system. The focus is on processed and packaged foods where nutrient levels can vary significantly. Dietary supplements, herbs and spices, and alcoholic beverages are also excluded from the scope of this labeling system.
Adopted in
United Kingdom, the usage is voluntary.
See sources
Nutrient Profiling tool
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DRAFT: For Discussion Purposes Only
DRAFT: For Discussion Purposes Only
Nutrition Profiling Information Tool
What is the purpose of the tool?
Which systems are analyzed?
What is it?
We have selected some of the most widely utilized front-of-pack nutrient measurement systems globally and plan to add more. As this tool is a work in progress, we welcome any suggestions or ideas you may have. Please feel free to contact us.
This is a visual guide that outlines the characteristics of different measurement and nutrient profiling systems. This tool was developed by the World Economic Forum's New Frontiers of Nutrition community in collaboration with Accenture.
Our goal is to educate about various NPM* and FOPL**. This tool enables users to quickly scan and compare key systems, considering their applicability and geographical adoption. This information is a summary, and does not represent the full detailed methodology.
Overview of the systems
Explore key takeaways
Use the tool
See the Key Takeaways
Summary
Types of front-of-pack labeling systems evaluated
Nutrient specific
Summary
These labels identify some nutrients that should be limited in their consumption with a focus on individual nutrients.
These labels provide an overall assessment of the nutritional quality of a food product, often using a single symbol, letter grade, or star rating.
Color-coded
These provide a color-based measurement system that helps consumers evaluate products by specified quantity of nutrients.
Simple symbols
These are systems that use a simple, clear symbol to advise consumers that a product is generally healthy or less healthy.
Warning label
Graded
These systems flag nutrients that are present in high amounts, indicating they may exceed dietary recommendations or thresholds.
These systems use scale (color, numerical, alphabetical, etc.) to evaluate and compare foods at a glance.
* Nutrient Profiling Measurement Systems: Analytical tool used to classify and evaluate food products based on their nutritional composition. ** Front-of-pack Labeling Systems: Visual expression of this information, simplifying the NPM data into an accessible and understandable form for consumers.It uses the data generated by the NPM to present nutritional information clearly on food packaging, helping to promote more informed food choices.
DRAFT: For Discussion Purposes Only
Nutrition Profiling Information Tool
Oveview of the front-of-pack labeling systems evaluated
We selected the most pertinent systems based on adherence and government endorsement, without aiming to indicate a superior system or create a new one.
Applicable geographies
Nutrients considered
Category
System
United States and Canada, the usage is voluntary.
Rates foods based on beneficial nutrients like vitamins, minerals, fiber, and whole grains, and nutrients to be limited such as added sugars, saturated fat, and sodium when consumed in excess, which are associated with health risks.
SummaryGraded
Guiding Stars
Singapore and Thailand. The usage is voluntary.
Highlights foods with higher levels of whole grains and dietary fiber, and lower levels of saturated fat, added sugars, and sodium, when consumed in excess, which are associated with health risks.
Healthier Choice
SummarySymbol
Summary
United Kingdom. Voluntary for general use, but mandatory when advertising food products to children.
It indicates products that contain healthier fats, lower levels of sodium, added sugars, and saturated fats when consumed in excess, which are associated with health risks. Products that meet these criteria promote better cardiovascular health.
Heart Symbol
SummarySymbol
Australia and New Zealand.The usage is voluntary.
Balances healthy nutrients like protein, fiber, and vegetables with nutrients to be limited such as added sugars, saturated fats, and sodium when consumed in excess, which are associated with health risks and rated from 0.5 to 5 stars based on the overall nutritional profile.
SummaryGraded
Health Star
Identifies foods with higher dietary fiber and whole grains, vegetables, and lower saturated fat, fat, sugars,sweeteners, and sodium, which should be consumed in limited quantities, with products meeting criteria displaying the Keyhole symbol.
Sweden, Denmark, Norway, Iceland, Lithuania and Macedonia. The usage is voluntary.
SummarySymbol
Keyhole
Considers healthy nutrients like fiber, protein, and ingredientes like fruits, nuts, vegetables, and nutrients to be limited like sugars, saturated fats, and sodium, assigned a letter grade from A (healthiest) to E (least healthy).
France, Belgium, Spain, Netherlands, German, Luxembourg, Switzerland.The usage is voluntary.
SummaryGraded
Nutriscore
The PAHO Nutrient Profile Model is used for regulatory purposes in several Latin American countries, including Chile, Mexico, to limit nutrients associated with non-communicable diseases (NCDs).
Focuses on limiting nutrients to be limited, such as added sugars,sweeteners, saturated fat, trans fat, and sodium, when consumed in excess, which are associated with health risks.
PAHO Nutrient Profile Model
Nutrient specific Warning
Uses color codes to indicate levels of saturated fat, added sugars, and sodium, when consumed in excess, which are associated with health risks, presented as red, amber, or green labels to show nutrient levels.
United Kingdom, the usage is voluntary.
Nutrient specific Color - Coded
UK Traffic Light
DRAFT: For Discussion Purposes Only
Nutrition Profiling Information Tool
Use the tool
Key takeaways related to the analyzed nutrient profile models
In an effort to continue to increase transparency on the nutritional value of food and food portfolios, the food ecosystem will continuously assess, improve, create, and discontinue Nutrient Profiling Systems as necessary. Acknowledging Access to Nutrition contributions, this analysis aims to provide insights into the most commonly used NPS. The objective is to educate about these systems and facilitate access to relevant information without being exhaustive. We selected the most pertinent systems based on adherence and government endorsement, without aiming to indicate a superior system or create a new one.
Positive aspects:
Cross-Border consistency
Quick and visual guidance
Industry incentivised for change
When a system is used in multiple countries, it helps populations recognize the labels and compare products more easily. Examples include the PAHO Nutrient Profile Model across Latin America, Nutri-Score in Europe, and the Keyhole symbol in Nordic countries.
All front-of-label packing systems aim to provide quick and visual guidance to the public, helping them make more conscious and choices that support better health outcomes. They align with public health initiatives aimed at reducing obesity and diet-related health risks by promoting healthier eating habits.
These systems serve as an incentive for industries to reformulate their products to achieve better scores and be recognized as options that are less likely to contribute to health risks when consumed. This is particularly effective in countries where the system is mandatory, such as the PAHO Nutrient Profile Model in some Latin American countries and the HFSS system in the UK, which is mandatory for advertising to children.
Negative aspects:
Overly simplistic guidance
Cultural sensitivity issues
Potential Misclassification
Nutrient-rich foods might receive lower ratings due to higher levels of certain certain nutrients to be limited when consumed in excess, despite their overall health benefits. For example, foods like nuts, which are high in healthy fats and proteins, might be rated poorly by the PAHO Nutrient Profile Model due to their high content of naturally occurring fats.
There is no universal system, and none of the existing systems can guarantee a comprehensive analysis of all key nutrients. This lack of consistency creates confusion for consumer and industry. All systems are simplified and primarily measure key nutrients (both beneficial nutrients, such as fiber and protein, and nutrients to be limited, such as saturated fats and sodium, when consumed in excess).
Many systems may not fully account for cultural dietary practices and preferences, potentially disadvantaging certain traditional foods. For instance, traditional foods that are high in naturally occurring fats or sugars might be unfairly rated as as containing nutrients to be limited (ex: bread).
Nutrition Profiling Information Tool
Switch view
Select type of measurement system
SPECIFIC NUTRIENTS
SUMMARY
Map
A visual guide that outlines the characteristics of different measurement and nutrient profiling systems. This serves as a blueprint for enterprises and the community to enable dialogue around the benchmarks for transparency.
Graded
Graded
SUMMARY
SUMMARY
Graded
Graded
SPECIFIC NUTRIENTS
Color - Coded
Warning
UK Traffic Light
Nutriscore
Health Star
The Traffic Lights system uses red, amber, and green labels to indicate high, medium, and low levels of nutrients like fat, saturated fat, sugars, and salt, helping UK consumers make more informed choices.
A Nutri-Score calculation pinpoints the nutritional value of a product based on the nutrients and assigns it to one of five color-coded letter grade classes (A, B, C, D, or E). Developed in France and adopted by the European Union.
The Health Star Rating System assigns a rating from 0.5 to 5 stars based on the overall nutritional profile of packaged foods in Australia and New Zealand.
Simple Symbols
SUMMARY
Graded
Graded
Simple Symbols
SUMMARY
SUMMARY
Guiding Stars
Keyhole
Heart Symbol
Guiding Stars rates the nutritional quality of food products with a simple star system (0 to 3 stars) based on their content of beneficial nutrients and those that should be limited, in the US and Canada.
The Keyhole symbol is used in Nordic countries to identify food options that meet nutritional criteria for saturated fat, added sugars, sodium, and fiber content.
The Heart Symbol is used in Finland to indicate food products that meet nutritional criteria for healthier fats, reduced sodium, sugar, and fiber content, promoting heart health and preventing cardiovascular diseases.
DRAFT: For Discussion Purposes Only
Nutrition Profiling Information Tool
Switch view
Select type of measurement system
SPECIFIC NUTRIENTS
SUMMARY
Map
A visual guide that outlines the characteristics of different measurement and nutrient profiling systems. This serves as a blueprint for enterprises and the community to enable dialogue around the benchmarks for transparency.
SUMMARY
Simple Symbols
Warning
SPECIFIC NUTRIENTS
Healthier Choice
PAHO
The Healthier Choice symbol indicates products that meet specific nutritional criteria for lower levels of saturated fat, sodium, and other nutrients associated with health risks when consumed in excess, promoting healthier options in Singapore and Thailand.
The PAHO Nutrient Profile Model warns about processed foods and beverages high in nutrients that should be limited, such as sodium, saturated fats, sugars, and sweeteners, guiding public health policies in Latin America.
Simple Symbols
Warning
Graded
Graded
Color - Coded
DRAFT: For Discussion Purposes Only
Nutrition Profiling Information Tool
Switch view
Select type of measurement system
SUMMARY
SPECIFIC NUTRIENTS
Map
A visual guide that outlines the characteristics of different measurement and nutrient profiling systems. This serves as a blueprint for enterprises and the community to enable dialogue around the benchmarks for transparency.
SPECIFIC NUTRIENTS
Simple Symbols
Graded
Graded
Graded
Graded
SUMMARY
SUMMARY
SUMMARY
Keyhole
Nutriscore
Health Star
The Keyhole symbol is used in Nordic countries to identify food options that meet nutritional criteria for saturated fat, added sugars, sodium, and fiber content.
A Nutri-Score calculation pinpoints the nutritional value of a product based on the nutrients and assigns it to one of five color-coded letter grade classes (A, B, C, D, or E). Developed in France and adopted by the European Union.
The Health Star Rating System assigns a rating from 0.5 to 5 stars based on the overall nutritional profile of packaged foods in Australia and New Zealand.
Simple Symbols
Warning
Simple Symbols
SUMMARY
SUMMARY
SUMMARY
Simple Symbols
Graded
Graded
Simple Symbols
Color - Coded
Guiding Stars
Healthier Choice
Heart Symbol
Guiding Stars rates the nutritional quality of food products with a simple star system (0 to 3 stars) based on their content of beneficial nutrients and those that should be limited, in the US and Canada.
The Heart Symbol is used in Finland to indicate food products that meet nutritional criteria for healthier fats, reduced sodium, sugar, and fiber content, promoting heart health and preventing cardiovascular diseases.
The Healthier Choice symbol indicates products that meet specific nutritional criteria for lower levels of saturated fat, sodium, and other nutrients associated with health risks when consumed in excess, promoting healthier options in Singapore and Thailand.
DRAFT: For Discussion Purposes Only
Nutrition Profiling Information Tool
Switch view
Select type of measurement system
List
SPECIFIC NUTRIENTS
SUMMARY
Map
A visual guide that outlines the characteristics of different measurement and nutrient profiling systems. This serves as a blueprint for enterprises and the community to enable dialogue around the benchmarks for transparency.
SPECIFIC NUTRIENTS
Color - Coded
SPECIFIC NUTRIENTS
SPECIFIC NUTRIENTS
Warning
UK Traffic Light
PAHO
The Traffic Lights system uses red, amber, and green labels to indicate high, medium, and low levels of nutrients like fat, saturated fat, sugars, and salt, helping UK consumers make more informed choices.
The PAHO Nutrient Profile Model warns about processed foods and beverages high in nutrients that should be limited, such as sodium, saturated fats, sugars, and sweeteners, guiding public health policies in Latin America.
Simple Symbols
Warning
Simple Symbols
Color - Coded
DRAFT: For Discussion Purposes Only
Geographical View
Switch view
Select type of measurement system
SPECIFIC NUTRIENTS
SUMMARY
List
List
By hovering over each marker, you can see the different measurement systems based on their country of conception or use.
DRAFT: For Discussion Purposes Only
Geographical View
Switch view
Select type of measurement system
SUMMARY
SPECIFIC NUTRIENTS
List
List
By hovering over each marker, you can see the different measurement systems based on their country of conception or use.
DRAFT: For Discussion Purposes Only
Geographical View
Switch view
Select type of measurement system
List
SPECIFIC NUTRIENTS
SUMMARY
List
List
By hovering over each marker, you can see the different measurement systems based on their country of conception or use.
DRAFT: For Discussion Purposes Only
Nutrition Profiling Information Tool
DRAFT: For Discussion Purposes Only
Use the tool
References
Frontiers in Nutrition. (2022). Article on Nutritional Science. Retrieved from https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/nutrition/articles/10.3389/fnut.2022.993238/full Hooley Brown. (n.d.). What's the Problem with Nutri-Score? Retrieved from https://www.hooleybrown.com/blog-post/whats-the-problem-with-nutri-score PAHO Mazzonetto, A., et al. (2022). Front-of-Pack Nutrition Labels: Perceptions and Preferences of Brazilian Adult Consumers. Retrieved from https://nuppre.paginas.ufsc.br/files/2022/08/2022-Mazzonetto-et-al-Front-of-pack-nutrition-labels_perceptions-and-preferences-of-Brazilian-adult-consumers.pdf PAHO. (2020). Front-of-Pack Nutrition Labeling: Tools for Creating a Healthier Food Environment. Retrieved from https://iris.paho.org/handle/10665.2/51931 PAHO. (n.d.). Nutrient Profile Model. Retrieved from https://www.paho.org/en/nutrient-profile-model The Lancet Regional Health - Americas. (2022). A policy study on front–of–pack nutrition labeling in the Americas: emerging developments and outcomes. Retrieved from https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanam/article/PIIS2667-193X(22)00217-4/fulltext UK Traffic light Cambridge University Press. (2013). Front-of-Pack Nutrition Labelling in the European Union: A Behavioural, Legal and Political Analysis. European Journal of Risk Regulation. Retrieved from https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/european-journal-of-risk-regulation/article/abs/frontofpack-nutrition-labelling-in-the-european-union-a-behavioural-legal-and-political-analysis/8CE6DD515D1D9D77A5767D2129E9B8B8 Food Standards Agency. (n.d.). Front of Pack Nutrition Labelling Guidance. Retrieved from https://www.food.gov.uk/sites/default/files/media/document/fop-guidance_0.pdf NHS. (n.d.). How to Read Food Labels. Retrieved from https://www.nhs.uk/live-well/eat-well/food-guidelines-and-food-labels/how-to-read-food-labels/#:~:text=Red%2C%20amber%20and%20green%20colour%20coding&text=Colour%2Dcoded%20nutritional%20information%20tells,green%20means%20low Oxford Academic. (2009). Health Promotion International, 24(4), 344-357. Retrieved from https://academic.oup.com/heapro/article/24/4/344/575241?login=false ScienceDirect. (2018). Article on Nutritional Labelling. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior. Retrieved from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1499404618301520 General sources Access to Nutrition Initiative. (n.d.). Sector Alignment on the Use of Nutrient Profile Models (NPMs). Retrieved from https://accesstonutrition.org/project/sector-alignment-on-the-use-of-nutrient-profile-models-npms/ Food and Drink Federation. (n.d.). HFSS Toolkit: Diet and Health. Retrieved from https://www.fdf.org.uk/fdf/resources/toolkits/diet-and-health/hfss-toolkit/ Global Food Research Program. (2018). Front-of-Package (FOP) Labeling Factsheet. Retrieved from https://globalfoodresearchprogram.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/FOP_FactSheet_3-21-18.pdf Global Food Research Program. (2020). Front-of-Package (FOP) Labeling Factsheet. Retrieved from https://globalfoodresearchprogram.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/FOP_Factsheet_UNCGFRP_2020_September_Final.pdf Julia, C., & Hercberg, S. (n.d.). Development of a new front-of-pack nutrition label in France: the five-colour Nutri-Score. Paris 13 University, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics Sorbonne-Paris-Cité (CRESS), Bobigny, France; Public Health Department, Avicenne Hospital (AP-HP), Bobigny, France World Cancer Research Fund. (2021). Building Momentum: Lessons on Implementing Robust Restrictions of Food and Non-Alcoholic Beverage Marketing to Children. Retrieved from https://www.wcrf.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/PPA-Building-Momentum-2-WEB.pdf Infoalimentario. (n.d.). Guides & Manuals. Retrieved from https://infoalimentario.com/documents-2/guides-manuals/
Guiding Stars Eat Like a Human. (n.d.). Guiding Stars: What Is It Really? Retrieved from https://eatlikeahuman.com/guiding-stars-really/ Guiding Stars. (n.d.). What is Guiding Stars? Academic Research. Retrieved from https://guidingstars.com/what-is-guiding-stars/academic-research/ Guiding Stars. (n.d.). Guiding Stars: Simplifying Nutrition Choices. Retrieved from https://guidingstars.com/ ScienceDirect. (2023). Guiding Stars: the effect of a nutrition navigation program on consumer purchases at the supermarket. American Journal of Cardiology. Retrieved from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002916523017835 Health Star ABC News. (2019, November 22). Can the Health Star Rating Help You Find Healthy Food? Retrieved from https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-11-22/can-the-health-star-rating-help-you-find-healthy-food/11700958 Health Star Rating. (n.d.). Health Star Rating System. Retrieved from https://www.healthstarrating.gov.au/ The Conversation. (2019, May 1). Why the Australasian Health Star Rating Needs Major Changes to Make It Work. Retrieved from https://theconversation.com/why-the-australasian-health-star-rating-needs-major-changes-to-make-it-work-114581 Heart Symbol Sydänmerkki. (n.d.). Sydänmerkki – Heart Symbol Label for Healthier Food Choices. Retrieved from https://www.sydanmerkki.fi/en Healthier Choice HealthHub. (n.d.). Make Healthier Choice. Retrieved from https://www.healthhub.sg/live-healthy/make_healthier_choice#:~:text=Products%20that%20bear%20the%20Healthier,calcium%2C%20dietary%20fibre%20and%20wholegrains. NCBI. (2016). Article on Nutrition Labels. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5090252/ Ministry of Health Singapore. (2022). Improving Effectiveness of Healthier Choice Symbol and a More Robust Food Health Rating System. Retrieved from https://www.moh.gov.sg/news-highlights/details/improving-effectiveness-of-healthier-choice-symbol-and-a-more-robust-food-health-rating-system/ International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity. (2023). A randomized trial to evaluate the impact of Singapore’s forthcoming Nutri-grade front-of-pack beverage label on food and beverage purchases. Retrieved from https://ijbnpa.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12966-023-01422-4 Keyhole Andersson, C. (2021, September 17). The Nordic Keyhole – quantitative analysis of its use in product reformulation and development. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences. Retrieved from https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/17248/3/andersson_c_210917.pdf Cambridge University Press. (2012). Consumption of Foods with the Keyhole Front-of-Pack Nutrition Label: Potential Impact on Energy and Nutrient Intakes of Swedish Adolescents. Public Health Nutrition. Retrieved from https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/public-health-nutrition/article/consumption-of-foods-with-the-keyhole-frontofpack-nutrition-label-potential-impact-on-energy-and-nutrient-intakes-of-swedish-adolescents/3144653BEC129A57A174655973EE4A6C Nordic Co-operation. (2022). New Guidelines Make Keyhole Even Greener. Retrieved from https://www.norden.org/en/news/new-guidelines-make-keyhole-even-greener -system/ Nutri Score Apicbase. (n.d.). Nutri-Score: Science-Based Nutritional Value Labelling System. Retrieved from https://get.apicbase.com/nutri-score-science-based-nutritional-value-labelling FoodNavigator. (2023, April 28). Why is the Netherlands' Adoption of Nutri-Score so Controversial? Retrieved from https://www.foodnavigator.com/Article/2023/04/28/Why-is-the-Netherlands-adoption-of-Nutri-Score-so-controversial Foodwatch. (n.d.). Logo Nutri-Score. Retrieved from https://www.foodwatch.org/fr/sinformer/nos-campagnes/transparence-et-scandales/logo-nutri-score?mtm_campaign=transparence-scandales-nutriscore-pageinstit&mtm_medium=cpc&mtm_source=google_ads&gad_source=1&gclid=CjwKCAjw1emzBhB8EiwAHwZZxbzppMLdf6KbTFE4OF3tw3iqPtB9VT0OXitfzBe51qj715NBgrXn4hoCQYIQAvD_BwE
How it works
Benefits
Products marked with the Heart Symbol meet stringent nutritional criteria, which vary based on the product category, including processed meats, dairy products, and baked goods. The criteria focus primarily on fat, sodium, sugar, and fiber, with a strong emphasis on cardiovascular health. The criteria are regularly updated to reflect current nutritional guidelines and recommendations in Finland. The symbol is intended to make it easier for consumers to identify healthier choices within each food category. Positive Points: It promotes the following nutritional benefits:
- Healthier Fats: The product contains lower amounts of total fat and prioritizes healthier fats (unsaturated fats) while minimizing saturated and trans fats.
- Low Sodium: Sodium content is minimized, promoting cardiovascular health.
- Reduced Sugars: Added sugars are limited in products like snacks and beverages.
- High Fiber: Products rich in fiber, such as whole grain options, are favored.
Negative Points: The Heart Symbol does not assign negative points directly, but it focuses on limiting the following nutrients:Heart Symbol
The Heart Symbol is a front-of-pack label used in Finland to help consumers identify healthier food options within specific product categories. Administered by the Finnish Heart Association, the Heart Symbol indicates that a product is a better choice in terms of fat (quality and quantity), sodium, sugar, and fiber, depending on the product group, particularly focused on cardiovascular health. The goal is to support healthier dietary habits by providing clear and reliable nutritional information at a glance.
Criticisms
Type of measureent:
Summary: These labels provide an overall assessment of the nutritional quality of a food product, often using a single symbol, letter grade, or star rating. Simple Symbols: These are systems that use a simple, clear symbol to advise consumers that a product is generally healthy or less healthy.
Out of Scope
It also excludes dietary supplements, alcoholic beverages, and certain highly processed food products.
Adopted in
The Heart Symbol is primarily used in Finland and is regulated by the Finnish Heart Association. Its use is voluntary, and it is commonly seen on processed and packaged foods in the Finnish market.
See sources
How it works
Benefits
Products are rated from 0.5 to 5 stars based on their overall nutrient profile. The rating is calculated by balancing beneficial nutrients like protein and fiber, as well as ingredients like fruits, vegetables, and legumes, with nutrients that, when consumed in excess, are associated with health risks, such as saturated fats, added sugars, and sodium. A higher star rating reflects a more favorable nutritional balance. Positive Points: Assigned to beneficial nutrients and ingredients.
- Protein: Higher protein content earns positive points.
- Dietary Fiber: Foods high in fiber receive positive points.
- Fruits, Vegetables, Nuts, and Legumes: The inclusion of these ingredients contributes positively to the rating.
- Vitamins and Minerals: The presence of essential vitamins and minerals is also seen as beneficial and earns positive points.
Negative Points: Assigned to nutrients that should be limited to avoid potential health risks when consumed in excess:Health Star
The Health Star Rating System is a front-of-pack labeling system used in Australia and New Zealand to provide consumers with an at-a-glance guide to the nutritional quality of packaged foods. Developed in collaboration with governments, industry, and consumer groups, it rates products from 0.5 to 5 stars based on their nutrient profile, which includes nutrients such as protein, fiber, added sugars, saturated fats, and sodium, as well as the presence of ingredients like fruits, vegetables, nuts, and legumes. The higher the star rating, the more nutritionally balanced the product is considered.
Criticisms
Type of measurement:
Summary: These labels provide an overall assessment of the nutritional quality of a food product, often using a single symbol, letter grade, or star rating.Graded: These systems use scales (color, numerical, alphabetical, etc.) to evaluate and compare foods at a glance.
Out of Scope
Adopted in
FFresh, unprocessed foods like fruits and vegetables, as well as products such as condiments, sauces, and foods for special medical purposes, are not rated by the Health Star Rating system Additionally, the system excludes dietary supplements, herbs, spices, and alcoholic beverages.
Australia and New Zealand.The usage is voluntary.
See sources
How it works
Benefits
Products are evaluated based on their content of energy, saturated fats, total sugars, and sodium. Each nutrient is assigned points, and the total score determines if a product is classified as high in fat, sugar, or salt. Foods with higher scores are considered less healthy. This scoring helps in identifying and regulating the marketing of less healthy foods, especially to children. Positive Points: Assigned to nutrients that contribute to a healthier diet.
- Saturated Fat: High levels are given negative points.
- Added Sugars: Excess added sugar content scores negatively.
- Sodium (Salt): High sodium levels also contribute negative points.\
The total score determines the number of stars a product receives, ranging from zero to three stars, with more stars indicating better nutritional quality.Guiding Stars
Criticisms
Guiding Stars is a nutrition guidance program developed in the United States that rates the nutritional quality of food products using a simple star system. Foods are evaluated based on their content of vitamins, minerals, dietary fiber, whole grains, omega-3 fatty acids, and added sugars, as well as their saturated fat and sodium levels. Products receive one, two, or three stars, with three stars indicating the highest nutritional value. This system aims to help consumers make healthier choices easily.
Type of measurement:
Summary: These labels provide an overall assessment of the nutritional quality of a food product, often using a single symbol, letter grade, or star rating.Graded: These systems use scales (color, numerical, alphabetical, etc.) to evaluate and compare foods at a glance.
Adopted in
United States and Canada, the usage is voluntary.
Out of Scope
The Guiding Stars system does not cover fresh, unprocessed foods such as fruits, vegetables, and meats. It focuses on packaged and processed foods, providing ratings based on their nutrient content. Additionally, dietary supplements, herbs and spices, and alcoholic beverages are not included in the scope of the Guiding Stars ratings.
See sources
How it works
Benefits
Products marked with the Heart Symbol meet stringent nutritional criteria, which vary based on the product category, including processed meats, dairy products, and baked goods. The criteria focus primarily on fat, sodium, sugar, and fiber, with a strong emphasis on cardiovascular health. The criteria are regularly updated to reflect current nutritional guidelines and recommendations in Finland. The symbol is intended to make it easier for consumers to identify healthier choices within each food category. Positive Points: It promotes the following nutritional benefits:
- Healthier Fats: The product contains lower amounts of total fat and prioritizes healthier fats (unsaturated fats) while minimizing saturated and trans fats.
- Low Sodium: Sodium content is minimized, promoting cardiovascular health.
- Reduced Sugars: Added sugars are limited in products like snacks and beverages.
- High Fiber: Products rich in fiber, such as whole grain options, are favored.
Negative Points: The Heart Symbol does not assign negative points directly, but it focuses on limiting the following nutrients:Heart Symbol
The Heart Symbol is a front-of-pack label used in Finland to help consumers identify healthier food options within specific product categories. Administered by the Finnish Heart Association, the Heart Symbol indicates that a product is a better choice in terms of fat (quality and quantity), sodium, sugar, and fiber, depending on the product group, particularly focused on cardiovascular health. The goal is to support healthier dietary habits by providing clear and reliable nutritional information at a glance.
Criticisms
Type of measureent:
Summary: These labels provide an overall assessment of the nutritional quality of a food product, often using a single symbol, letter grade, or star rating. Simple Symbols: These are systems that use a simple, clear symbol to advise consumers that a product is generally healthy or less healthy.
Out of Scope
It also excludes dietary supplements, alcoholic beverages, and certain highly processed food products.
Adopted in
The Heart Symbol is primarily used in Finland and is regulated by the Finnish Heart Association. Its use is voluntary, and it is commonly seen on processed and packaged foods in the Finnish market.
See sources
How it works
Benefits
Products that meet stringent nutritional criteria for lower levels of fat, added sugars, and sodium and higher levels of dietary fiber and whole grains can display the Keyhole symbol. The criteria are developed based on scientific evidence and are consistent across the Nordic countries, making it easier for consumers to choose more informed choices. It helps consumer to do more informed food options in Nordic countries based on specific nutritional criteria. Positive Points: Assigned to beneficial nutrients and ingredients.
- Whole Grains: High whole grain content is rewarded.
- Fiber: Foods rich in dietary fiber earn positive points.
- Fruits and Vegetables: The presence of these ingredients is considered beneficial.
- Reduced Calories: Foods that meet caloric reduction criteria in certain categories are also rewarded.
Negative Points: Given to components that should be limited.- Fat: Lower fat content is preferred.
- Sugars: Reduced sugar levels are favorable.
- Sodium (Salt): Lower sodium content is considered positive.
Products that meet these criteria can display the Keyhole symbol, helping consumers identify healthier choices.The Keyhole
Criticisms
The Keyhole is a nutrition label used in Nordic countries (Sweden, Denmark, Norway, and Iceland) to indicate healthier food options. Administered by respective national health authorities, it sets criteria for lower levels of fat, added sugars, and sodium, when consumed in excess are associated with health risks, and higher levels of dietary fiber and whole grains. Products that meet these criteria can display the Keyhole symbol. This label aims to make it easier for consumers to make healthier choices at the point of purchase.
Type of measurement:
Summary: These labels provide an overall assessment of the nutritional quality of a food product, often using a single symbol, letter grade, or star rating.Simple Symbols: These are systems that use a simple, clear symbol to advise consumers that a product is generally more balanced or nutritionally appropriate.
Out of Scope
Unprocessed foods such as fresh fruits, vegetables, and raw meats are not covered by the Keyhole labeling system. The system also excludes dietary supplements, herbs, spices, snacks, beverage and juice. The system focuses on processed and packaged foods where reformulation can lead to significant nutritional improvements.
Adopted in
Sweden, Denmark, Norway, Iceland, Lithuania and Macedonia. The usage is voluntary.
See sources
How it works
Benefits
Products that meet stringent nutritional criteria for lower levels of fat, added sugars, and sodium and higher levels of dietary fiber and whole grains can display the Keyhole symbol. The criteria are developed based on scientific evidence and are consistent across the Nordic countries, making it easier for consumers to choose more informed choices. It helps consumer to do more informed food options in Nordic countries based on specific nutritional criteria. Positive Points: Assigned to beneficial nutrients and ingredients.
- Whole Grains: High whole grain content is rewarded.
- Fiber: Foods rich in dietary fiber earn positive points.
- Fruits and Vegetables: The presence of these ingredients is considered beneficial.
- Reduced Calories: Foods that meet caloric reduction criteria in certain categories are also rewarded.
Negative Points: Given to components that should be limited.- Fat: Lower fat content is preferred.
- Sugars: Reduced sugar levels are favorable.
- Sodium (Salt): Lower sodium content is considered positive.
Products that meet these criteria can display the Keyhole symbol, helping consumers identify healthier choices.The Keyhole
Criticisms
The Keyhole is a nutrition label used in Nordic countries (Sweden, Denmark, Norway, and Iceland) to indicate healthier food options. Administered by respective national health authorities, it sets criteria for lower levels of fat, added sugars, and sodium, when consumed in excess are associated with health risks, and higher levels of dietary fiber and whole grains. Products that meet these criteria can display the Keyhole symbol. This label aims to make it easier for consumers to make healthier choices at the point of purchase.
Type of measurement:
Summary: These labels provide an overall assessment of the nutritional quality of a food product, often using a single symbol, letter grade, or star rating.Simple Symbols: These are systems that use a simple, clear symbol to advise consumers that a product is generally more balanced or nutritionally appropriate.
Out of Scope
Unprocessed foods such as fresh fruits, vegetables, and raw meats are not covered by the Keyhole labeling system. The system also excludes dietary supplements, herbs, spices, snacks, beverage and juice. The system focuses on processed and packaged foods where reformulation can lead to significant nutritional improvements.
Adopted in
Sweden, Denmark, Norway, Iceland, Lithuania and Macedonia. The usage is voluntary.
See sources
How it works
Benefits
Nutri-Score NPM calculates a score based on the nutritional composition per 100g of a food product, considering both healthy nutrients and less healthy, those that should be limited when consumed in excess. Positive Points: These are assigned to nutrients and food components that are beneficial to health. These include:
- Fruits, Vegetables, and Nuts: High content earns positive points.
- Fiber: A high fiber content is considered beneficial.
- Proteins: High-quality protein content also receives positive points.
Negative Points: These are given to components that are associated with health risks when consumed in excess. These include:- Saturated Fats: Can lower score.
- Sugars: Total sugars can earn negative points.
- Sodium (Salt): High sodium content is also considered less healthy.
The total score, calculated from the sum of positive and negative points, determines the Nutri-Score of a product, which ranges from 'A' (healthier choices) to 'E' (less healthy choices).Nutriscore
The Nutri-Score is a front-of-pack nutrition labeling system designed to help consumers quickly understand the nutritional quality of food products. It assigns a letter grade from A (most nutritious) to E (least nutritious) based on the product's nutrient profile, including positive components like fiber, protein, and fruits, as well as nutrients to be limited, such as added sugars, saturated fats, and sodium when consumed in excess, which are associated with health risks. The color-coded system (green to red) facilitates easy comparison of products within the same category.
Criticisms
Type of measurement:
Summary: These labels provide an overall assessment of the nutritional quality of a food product, often using a single symbol, letter grade, or star rating.Graded: These systems use scales (color, numerical, alphabetical, etc.) to evaluate and compare foods at a glance.
Out of Scope
Products such as herbs and spices, alcoholic beverages, dietary supplements, and foods for special nutritional uses are excluded from the Nutri-Score system according to European regulations.
Adopted in
France, Belgium, Spain, Netherlands, German, Luxembourg, Switzerland. The usage is voluntary.
See sources
How it works
Benefits
Products are labeled with colors red, amber, and green based on their levels of fat, saturated fat, added sugars, and sodium, per 100g or 100ml. Green indicates low levels, amber indicates medium levels, and red indicates high levels of these nutrients. This color-coding allows consumers to quickly assess the nutritional quality of a product and make more informed choices.Positive Points: This system does not assign positive points but indicates low levels of certain nutrients with green labels
- Green Label: Indicates low levels of fat, saturated fat, added sugars, and sodium, signaling more balanced options.
Negative Points: These are indicated by red labels for high levels of nutrients that should be limited.- Red Label: Indicates high levels of fat, saturated fat, added sugars, and sodium, signaling less balanced options.
- Amber Label: Represents medium levels of these nutrients, indicating moderate health impact.
This visual system helps consumers quickly identify healthier and less healthy food choices based on nutrient levels..UK Traffic Light
The Traffic Lights system is a front-of-pack labeling scheme that uses color coding to indicate the nutritional quality of food products. Developed in the UK, it assigns red, amber, and green labels to represent high, medium, and low levels of fat, saturated fat, added sugars, and sodium, respectively. This visual system helps consumers make more informed food choices at a glance by highlighting the nutritional content of foods in an easily understandable format.
Criticisms
Type of measurement:
Out of Scope
Nutrient Specifc: These labels identify some components that should be limited in their consumption with a focus on individual nutrients.Color Coded: These provide a color-based measurement system that helps consumers evaluate products by specified quality of nutrients.
Unprocessed foods such as fresh fruits, vegetables, and raw meats are generally not covered by the Traffic Lights system. The focus is on processed and packaged foods where nutrient levels can vary significantly. Dietary supplements, herbs and spices, and alcoholic beverages are also excluded from the scope of this labeling system.
Adopted in
United Kingdom, the usage is voluntary.
See sources
How it works
Benefits
Products are assessed based on their content of added sugars, total fat, saturated fat, trans fat, and sodium per 100g or 100ml. Foods and beverages that exceed set thresholds for these nutrients are classified as less healthy. This model guides regulatory actions such as labeling, marketing restrictions, and fiscal policies to promote healthier diets. Positive Points: This model does not explicitly assign positive points, focusing instead on identifying and limiting harmful nutrients. Negative Points: Assigned to nutrients that should have limited consumption.
- Added Sugars, sweeteners: High levels earn negative points.
- Total Fat: Foods with high total fat content are given negative points.
- Saturated and Trans Fats: These unhealthy fats contribute negatively.
- Sodium (Salt): High sodium levels result in negative points.
The model is used to categorize processed foods and beverages, guiding regulations on marketing, labeling, and fiscal policies to promote healthier diets..PAHO
he PAHO Nutrient Profile Model was developed by the Pan American Health Organization to classify processed foods and beverages that are excessive in critical nutrients associated with non-communicable diseases. It evaluates products based on their content of added sugars, sodium, and total fat, including saturated and trans fats, that when consumed in excess are associated with health risks. The model aims to guide policies on food marketing, labeling, and fiscal measures to promote healthier diets in the Americas.
Criticisms
Out of Scope
The PAHO Nutrient Profile Model excludes fresh and minimally processed foods like fruits, vegetables, and unprocessed meats, which are generally considered healthy. It also does not cover dietary supplements, alcoholic beverages, herbs, and spices.
Type of measurement:
Nutrient Specifc: These labels identify some nutrients that should be limited in their consumption with a focus on individual nutrients.Warning: These systems flag nutrients that are present in high amounts, indicating they may exceed dietary recommendations or thresholds.
Adopted in
The PAHO Nutrient Profile Model has been used for regulatory purposes in various Latin American countries, including Argentina, Mexico , and Peru. It serves as a flexible guideline, allowing each country in the Americas region to adapt it to its specific reality and needs.
See sources
How it works
Benefits
Products that meet specific nutritional criteria for lower levels of fat, added sugar, and sodium, and higher levels of whole grains and fiber, can display the Healthier Choice symbol. The criteria are category-specific, ensuring that healthier options within each food category are easily identifiable to consumers.Positive Points: Assigned to beneficial nutrients.
- Whole Grains: Products high in whole grains earn positive points.
- Fiber: High dietary fiber content is rewarded.
- Vitamins and Minerals: Presence of essential nutrients contributes positively.
Negative Points: Given to less favorable components.- Fat: Products with lower fat content are preferred.
- Sugars: Low sugar levels are favored.
- Sodium (Salt): Reduced sodium content is considered positive.
Products meeting these criteria can display the Healthier Choice symbol, guiding consumers to healthier options.Healthier Choice
The Healthier Choice symbol is a front-of-pack label used in Singapore to help consumers identify healthier food options within specific product categories. Administered by the Health Promotion Board, products that meet stringent nutritional criteria for lower levels of fat, added sugar, and sodium that when consumed in excess are associated with health risks, and higher levels of whole grains and fiber, can display the symbol. The goal is to encourage healthier eating habits among the population.
Criticisms
Out of Scope
Type of measurement:
Fresh, unprocessed foods such as fruits, vegetables, and raw meats are generally not included in the Healthier Choice labeling. The system is aimed at processed and packaged foods that can vary in their nutritional content. Dietary supplements, herbs and spices, and alcoholic beverages are also excluded from the Healthier Choice program.
Summary: These labels provide an overall assessment of the nutritional quality of a food product, often using a single symbol, letter grade, or star rating.Simple Symbols: These are systems that use a simple, clear symbol to advise consumers that a product is generally healthy or unhealthy.
Adopted in
Singapore and Thailand. The usage is voluntary.
See sources
How it works
Benefits
Nutri-Score NPM calculates a score based on the nutritional composition per 100g of a food product, considering both healthy nutrients and less healthy, those that should be limited when consumed in excess. Positive Points: These are assigned to nutrients and food components that are beneficial to health. These include:
- Fruits, Vegetables, and Nuts: High content earns positive points.
- Fiber: A high fiber content is considered beneficial.
- Proteins: High-quality protein content also receives positive points.
Negative Points: These are given to components that are associated with health risks when consumed in excess. These include:- Saturated Fats: Can lower score.
- Sugars: Total sugars can earn negative points.
- Sodium (Salt): High sodium content is also considered less healthy.
The total score, calculated from the sum of positive and negative points, determines the Nutri-Score of a product, which ranges from 'A' (healthier choices) to 'E' (less healthy choices).Nutriscore
The Nutri-Score is a front-of-pack nutrition labeling system designed to help consumers quickly understand the nutritional quality of food products. It assigns a letter grade from A (most nutritious) to E (least nutritious) based on the product's nutrient profile, including positive components like fiber, protein, and fruits, as well as nutrients to be limited, such as added sugars, saturated fats, and sodium when consumed in excess, which are associated with health risks. The color-coded system (green to red) facilitates easy comparison of products within the same category.
Criticisms
Type of measurement:
Summary: These labels provide an overall assessment of the nutritional quality of a food product, often using a single symbol, letter grade, or star rating.Graded: These systems use scales (color, numerical, alphabetical, etc.) to evaluate and compare foods at a glance.
Out of Scope
Products such as herbs and spices, alcoholic beverages, dietary supplements, and foods for special nutritional uses are excluded from the Nutri-Score system according to European regulations.
Adopted in
France, Belgium, Spain, Netherlands, German, Luxembourg, Switzerland. The usage is voluntary.
See sources
How it works
Benefits
Products that meet specific nutritional criteria for lower levels of fat, added sugar, and sodium, and higher levels of whole grains and fiber, can display the Healthier Choice symbol. The criteria are category-specific, ensuring that healthier options within each food category are easily identifiable to consumers.Positive Points: Assigned to beneficial nutrients.
- Whole Grains: Products high in whole grains earn positive points.
- Fiber: High dietary fiber content is rewarded.
- Vitamins and Minerals: Presence of essential nutrients contributes positively.
Negative Points: Given to less favorable components.- Fat: Products with lower fat content are preferred.
- Sugars: Low sugar levels are favored.
- Sodium (Salt): Reduced sodium content is considered positive.
Products meeting these criteria can display the Healthier Choice symbol, guiding consumers to healthier options.Healthier Choice
The Healthier Choice symbol is a front-of-pack label used in Singapore to help consumers identify healthier food options within specific product categories. Administered by the Health Promotion Board, products that meet stringent nutritional criteria for lower levels of fat, added sugar, and sodium that when consumed in excess are associated with health risks, and higher levels of whole grains and fiber, can display the symbol. The goal is to encourage healthier eating habits among the population.
Criticisms
Out of Scope
Type of measurement:
Fresh, unprocessed foods such as fruits, vegetables, and raw meats are generally not included in the Healthier Choice labeling. The system is aimed at processed and packaged foods that can vary in their nutritional content. Dietary supplements, herbs and spices, and alcoholic beverages are also excluded from the Healthier Choice program.
Summary: These labels provide an overall assessment of the nutritional quality of a food product, often using a single symbol, letter grade, or star rating.Simple Symbols: These are systems that use a simple, clear symbol to advise consumers that a product is generally healthy or unhealthy.
Adopted in
Singapore and Thailand. The usage is voluntary.
See sources
How it works
Benefits
Products that meet stringent nutritional criteria for lower levels of fat, added sugars, and sodium and higher levels of dietary fiber and whole grains can display the Keyhole symbol. The criteria are developed based on scientific evidence and are consistent across the Nordic countries, making it easier for consumers to choose more informed choices. It helps consumer to do more informed food options in Nordic countries based on specific nutritional criteria. Positive Points: Assigned to beneficial nutrients and ingredients.
- Whole Grains: High whole grain content is rewarded.
- Fiber: Foods rich in dietary fiber earn positive points.
- Fruits and Vegetables: The presence of these ingredients is considered beneficial.
- Reduced Calories: Foods that meet caloric reduction criteria in certain categories are also rewarded.
Negative Points: Given to components that should be limited.- Fat: Lower fat content is preferred.
- Sugars: Reduced sugar levels are favorable.
- Sodium (Salt): Lower sodium content is considered positive.
Products that meet these criteria can display the Keyhole symbol, helping consumers identify healthier choices.The Keyhole
Criticisms
The Keyhole is a nutrition label used in Nordic countries (Sweden, Denmark, Norway, and Iceland) to indicate healthier food options. Administered by respective national health authorities, it sets criteria for lower levels of fat, added sugars, and sodium, when consumed in excess are associated with health risks, and higher levels of dietary fiber and whole grains. Products that meet these criteria can display the Keyhole symbol. This label aims to make it easier for consumers to make healthier choices at the point of purchase.
Type of measurement:
Summary: These labels provide an overall assessment of the nutritional quality of a food product, often using a single symbol, letter grade, or star rating.Simple Symbols: These are systems that use a simple, clear symbol to advise consumers that a product is generally more balanced or nutritionally appropriate.
Out of Scope
Unprocessed foods such as fresh fruits, vegetables, and raw meats are not covered by the Keyhole labeling system. The system also excludes dietary supplements, herbs, spices, snacks, beverage and juice. The system focuses on processed and packaged foods where reformulation can lead to significant nutritional improvements.
Adopted in
Sweden, Denmark, Norway, Iceland, Lithuania and Macedonia. The usage is voluntary.
See sources
How it works
Benefits
Products are evaluated based on their content of energy, saturated fats, added sugars, and sodium. Each nutrient is assigned points, and the total score determines if a product is classified as high in fat, sugar, or salt. Foods with higher scores are considered less balanced. This scoring helps in identifying and regulating the marketing of less healthy foods. Positive Points: Assigned to nutrients that contribute to a healthier diet.
- Vitamins: Foods rich in essential vitamins earn positive points.
- Minerals: Presence of beneficial minerals like calcium and iron is rewarded.
- Dietary Fiber: High fiber content is considered favorable.
- Omega-3 Fatty Acids: These healthy fats contribute positive points.
- Whole Grains: Foods containing whole grains receive positive points.
Negative Points: Assigned to nutrients that should have limited consumption.- Saturated Fat: High levels are given negative points.
- Added Sugars: Excess added sugar content scores negatively.
- Sodium (Salt): High sodium levels also contribute negative points.\
The total score determines the number of stars a product receives, ranging from zero to three stars, with more stars indicating better nutritional quality.Guiding Stars
Criticisms
Guiding Stars is a nutrition guidance program developed in the United States that rates the nutritional quality of food products using a simple star system. Foods are evaluated based on their content of vitamins, minerals, dietary fiber, whole grains, omega-3 fatty acids, and nutrients to be limited, such as added sugars, saturated fat, and sodium that when consumed in excess are associated with health risks. Products receive one, two, or three stars, with three stars indicating the highest nutritional value. This system aims to help consumers make healthier choices easily.
Type of measurement:
Summary: These labels provide an overall assessment of the nutritional quality of a food product, often using a single symbol, letter grade, or star rating.Graded: These systems use scales (color, numerical, alphabetical, etc.) to evaluate and compare foods at a glance.
Adopted in
Out of Scope
United States and Canada, the usage is voluntary.
The Guiding Stars system does not cover fresh, unprocessed foods such as fruits, vegetables, and meats. It focuses on packaged and processed foods, providing ratings based on their nutrient content. Additionally, dietary supplements, herbs and spices, and alcoholic beverages are not included in the scope of the Guiding Stars ratings.
See sources
How it works
Benefits
Products marked with the Heart Symbol meet stringent nutritional criteria, which vary based on the product category, including processed meats, dairy products, and baked goods. The criteria focus primarily on fat, sodium, sugar, and fiber, with a strong emphasis on cardiovascular health. The criteria are regularly updated to reflect current nutritional guidelines and recommendations in Finland. The symbol is intended to make it easier for consumers to identify healthier choices within each food category. Positive Points: It promotes the following nutritional benefits:
- Healthier Fats: The product contains lower amounts of total fat and prioritizes healthier fats (unsaturated fats) while minimizing saturated and trans fats.
- Low Sodium: Sodium content is minimized, promoting cardiovascular health.
- Reduced Sugars: Added sugars are limited in products like snacks and beverages.
- High Fiber: Products rich in fiber, such as whole grain options, are favored.
Negative Points: The Heart Symbol does not assign negative points directly, but it focuses on limiting the following nutrients:Heart Symbol
The Heart Symbol is a front-of-pack label used in Finland to help consumers identify healthier food options within specific product categories. Administered by the Finnish Heart Association, the Heart Symbol indicates that a product is a better choice in terms of fat (quality and quantity), sodium, sugar, and fiber, depending on the product group, particularly focused on cardiovascular health. The goal is to support healthier dietary habits by providing clear and reliable nutritional information at a glance.
Criticisms
Type of measureent:
Summary: These labels provide an overall assessment of the nutritional quality of a food product, often using a single symbol, letter grade, or star rating. Simple Symbols: These are systems that use a simple, clear symbol to advise consumers that a product is generally healthy or less healthy.
Out of Scope
It also excludes dietary supplements, alcoholic beverages, and certain highly processed food products.
Adopted in
The Heart Symbol is primarily used in Finland and is regulated by the Finnish Heart Association. Its use is voluntary, and it is commonly seen on processed and packaged foods in the Finnish market.
See sources
How it works
Benefits
Products marked with the Heart Symbol meet stringent nutritional criteria, which vary based on the product category, including processed meats, dairy products, and baked goods. The criteria focus primarily on fat, sodium, sugar, and fiber, with a strong emphasis on cardiovascular health. The criteria are regularly updated to reflect current nutritional guidelines and recommendations in Finland. The symbol is intended to make it easier for consumers to identify healthier choices within each food category. Positive Points: It promotes the following nutritional benefits:
- Healthier Fats: The product contains lower amounts of total fat and prioritizes healthier fats (unsaturated fats) while minimizing saturated and trans fats.
- Low Sodium: Sodium content is minimized, promoting cardiovascular health.
- Reduced Sugars: Added sugars are limited in products like snacks and beverages.
- High Fiber: Products rich in fiber, such as whole grain options, are favored.
Negative Points: The Heart Symbol does not assign negative points directly, but it focuses on limiting the following nutrients:Heart Symbol
The Heart Symbol is a front-of-pack label used in Finland to help consumers identify healthier food options within specific product categories. Administered by the Finnish Heart Association, the Heart Symbol indicates that a product is a better choice in terms of fat (quality and quantity), sodium, sugar, and fiber, depending on the product group, particularly focused on cardiovascular health. The goal is to support healthier dietary habits by providing clear and reliable nutritional information at a glance.
Criticisms
Type of measureent:
Summary: These labels provide an overall assessment of the nutritional quality of a food product, often using a single symbol, letter grade, or star rating. Simple Symbols: These are systems that use a simple, clear symbol to advise consumers that a product is generally healthy or less healthy.
Out of Scope
It also excludes dietary supplements, alcoholic beverages, and certain highly processed food products.
Adopted in
The Heart Symbol is primarily used in Finland and is regulated by the Finnish Heart Association. Its use is voluntary, and it is commonly seen on processed and packaged foods in the Finnish market.
See sources
How it works
Benefits
Products are evaluated based on their content of energy, saturated fats, added sugars, and sodium. Each nutrient is assigned points, and the total score determines if a product is classified as high in fat, sugar, or salt. Foods with higher scores are considered less balanced. This scoring helps in identifying and regulating the marketing of less healthy foods. Positive Points: Assigned to nutrients that contribute to a healthier diet.
- Vitamins: Foods rich in essential vitamins earn positive points.
- Minerals: Presence of beneficial minerals like calcium and iron is rewarded.
- Dietary Fiber: High fiber content is considered favorable.
- Omega-3 Fatty Acids: These healthy fats contribute positive points.
- Whole Grains: Foods containing whole grains receive positive points.
Negative Points: Assigned to nutrients that should have limited consumption.- Saturated Fat: High levels are given negative points.
- Added Sugars: Excess added sugar content scores negatively.
- Sodium (Salt): High sodium levels also contribute negative points.\
The total score determines the number of stars a product receives, ranging from zero to three stars, with more stars indicating better nutritional quality.Guiding Stars
Criticisms
Guiding Stars is a nutrition guidance program developed in the United States that rates the nutritional quality of food products using a simple star system. Foods are evaluated based on their content of vitamins, minerals, dietary fiber, whole grains, omega-3 fatty acids, and nutrients to be limited, such as added sugars, saturated fat, and sodium that when consumed in excess are associated with health risks. Products receive one, two, or three stars, with three stars indicating the highest nutritional value. This system aims to help consumers make healthier choices easily.
Type of measurement:
Summary: These labels provide an overall assessment of the nutritional quality of a food product, often using a single symbol, letter grade, or star rating.Graded: These systems use scales (color, numerical, alphabetical, etc.) to evaluate and compare foods at a glance.
Adopted in
Out of Scope
United States and Canada, the usage is voluntary.
The Guiding Stars system does not cover fresh, unprocessed foods such as fruits, vegetables, and meats. It focuses on packaged and processed foods, providing ratings based on their nutrient content. Additionally, dietary supplements, herbs and spices, and alcoholic beverages are not included in the scope of the Guiding Stars ratings.
See sources
How it works
Benefits
Products are labeled with colors red, amber, and green based on their levels of fat, saturated fat, added sugars, and sodium, per 100g or 100ml. Green indicates low levels, amber indicates medium levels, and red indicates high levels of these nutrients. This color-coding allows consumers to quickly assess the nutritional quality of a product and make more informed choices.Positive Points: This system does not assign positive points but indicates low levels of certain nutrients with green labels
- Green Label: Indicates low levels of fat, saturated fat, added sugars, and sodium, signaling more balanced options.
Negative Points: These are indicated by red labels for high levels of nutrients that should be limited.- Red Label: Indicates high levels of fat, saturated fat, added sugars, and sodium, signaling less balanced options.
- Amber Label: Represents medium levels of these nutrients, indicating moderate health impact.
This visual system helps consumers quickly identify healthier and less healthy food choices based on nutrient levels..UK Traffic Light
The Traffic Lights system is a front-of-pack labeling scheme that uses color coding to indicate the nutritional quality of food products. Developed in the UK, it assigns red, amber, and green labels to represent high, medium, and low levels of fat, saturated fat, added sugars, and sodium, respectively. This visual system helps consumers make more informed food choices at a glance by highlighting the nutritional content of foods in an easily understandable format.
Criticisms
Type of measurement:
Out of Scope
Nutrient Specifc: These labels identify some components that should be limited in their consumption with a focus on individual nutrients.Color Coded: These provide a color-based measurement system that helps consumers evaluate products by specified quality of nutrients.
Unprocessed foods such as fresh fruits, vegetables, and raw meats are generally not covered by the Traffic Lights system. The focus is on processed and packaged foods where nutrient levels can vary significantly. Dietary supplements, herbs and spices, and alcoholic beverages are also excluded from the scope of this labeling system.
Adopted in
United Kingdom, the usage is voluntary.
See sources
How it works
Benefits
Products that meet specific nutritional criteria for lower levels of fat, added sugar, and sodium, and higher levels of whole grains and fiber, can display the Healthier Choice symbol. The criteria are category-specific, ensuring that healthier options within each food category are easily identifiable to consumers.Positive Points: Assigned to beneficial nutrients.
- Whole Grains: Products high in whole grains earn positive points.
- Fiber: High dietary fiber content is rewarded.
- Vitamins and Minerals: Presence of essential nutrients contributes positively.
Negative Points: Given to less favorable components.- Fat: Products with lower fat content are preferred.
- Sugars: Low sugar levels are favored.
- Sodium (Salt): Reduced sodium content is considered positive.
Products meeting these criteria can display the Healthier Choice symbol, guiding consumers to healthier options.Healthier Choice
The Healthier Choice symbol is a front-of-pack label used in Singapore to help consumers identify healthier food options within specific product categories. Administered by the Health Promotion Board, products that meet stringent nutritional criteria for lower levels of fat, added sugar, and sodium that when consumed in excess are associated with health risks, and higher levels of whole grains and fiber, can display the symbol. The goal is to encourage healthier eating habits among the population.
Criticisms
Out of Scope
Type of measurement:
Fresh, unprocessed foods such as fruits, vegetables, and raw meats are generally not included in the Healthier Choice labeling. The system is aimed at processed and packaged foods that can vary in their nutritional content. Dietary supplements, herbs and spices, and alcoholic beverages are also excluded from the Healthier Choice program.
Summary: These labels provide an overall assessment of the nutritional quality of a food product, often using a single symbol, letter grade, or star rating.Simple Symbols: These are systems that use a simple, clear symbol to advise consumers that a product is generally healthy or unhealthy.
Adopted in
Singapore and Thailand. The usage is voluntary.
See sources
How it works
Benefits
Products are assessed based on their content of added sugars, total fat, saturated fat, trans fat, and sodium per 100g or 100ml. Foods and beverages that exceed set thresholds for these nutrients are classified as less healthy. This model guides regulatory actions such as labeling, marketing restrictions, and fiscal policies to promote healthier diets. Positive Points: This model does not explicitly assign positive points, focusing instead on identifying and limiting harmful nutrients. Negative Points: Assigned to nutrients that should have limited consumption.
- Added Sugars, sweeteners: High levels earn negative points.
- Total Fat: Foods with high total fat content are given negative points.
- Saturated and Trans Fats: These unhealthy fats contribute negatively.
- Sodium (Salt): High sodium levels result in negative points.
The model is used to categorize processed foods and beverages, guiding regulations on marketing, labeling, and fiscal policies to promote healthier diets..PAHO
he PAHO Nutrient Profile Model was developed by the Pan American Health Organization to classify processed foods and beverages that are excessive in critical nutrients associated with non-communicable diseases. It evaluates products based on their content of added sugars, sodium, and total fat, including saturated and trans fats, that when consumed in excess are associated with health risks. The model aims to guide policies on food marketing, labeling, and fiscal measures to promote healthier diets in the Americas.
Criticisms
Out of Scope
The PAHO Nutrient Profile Model excludes fresh and minimally processed foods like fruits, vegetables, and unprocessed meats, which are generally considered healthy. It also does not cover dietary supplements, alcoholic beverages, herbs, and spices.
Type of measurement:
Nutrient Specifc: These labels identify some nutrients that should be limited in their consumption with a focus on individual nutrients.Warning: These systems flag nutrients that are present in high amounts, indicating they may exceed dietary recommendations or thresholds.
Adopted in
The PAHO Nutrient Profile Model has been used for regulatory purposes in various Latin American countries, including Argentina, Mexico , and Peru. It serves as a flexible guideline, allowing each country in the Americas region to adapt it to its specific reality and needs.
See sources
How it works
Benefits
Products are rated from 0.5 to 5 stars based on their overall nutrient profile. The rating is calculated by balancing beneficial nutrients like protein and fiber, as well as ingredients like fruits, vegetables, and legumes, with nutrients that, when consumed in excess, are associated with health risks, such as saturated fats, added sugars, and sodium. A higher star rating reflects a more favorable nutritional balance. Positive Points: Assigned to beneficial nutrients and ingredients.
- Protein: Higher protein content earns positive points.
- Dietary Fiber: Foods high in fiber receive positive points.
- Fruits, Vegetables, Nuts, and Legumes: The inclusion of these ingredients contributes positively to the rating.
- Vitamins and Minerals: The presence of essential vitamins and minerals is also seen as beneficial and earns positive points.
Negative Points: Assigned to nutrients that should be limited to avoid potential health risks when consumed in excess:Health Star
The Health Star Rating System is a front-of-pack labeling system used in Australia and New Zealand to provide consumers with an at-a-glance guide to the nutritional quality of packaged foods. Developed in collaboration with governments, industry, and consumer groups, it rates products from 0.5 to 5 stars based on their nutrient profile, which includes nutrients such as protein, fiber, added sugars, saturated fats, and sodium, as well as the presence of ingredients like fruits, vegetables, nuts, and legumes. The higher the star rating, the more nutritionally balanced the product is considered.
Criticisms
Type of measurement:
Summary: These labels provide an overall assessment of the nutritional quality of a food product, often using a single symbol, letter grade, or star rating.Graded: These systems use scales (color, numerical, alphabetical, etc.) to evaluate and compare foods at a glance.
Out of Scope
Adopted in
FFresh, unprocessed foods like fruits and vegetables, as well as products such as condiments, sauces, and foods for special medical purposes, are not rated by the Health Star Rating system Additionally, the system excludes dietary supplements, herbs, spices, and alcoholic beverages.
Australia and New Zealand.The usage is voluntary.
See sources
How it works
Benefits
Products are labeled with colors red, amber, and green based on their levels of fat, saturated fat, added sugars, and sodium, per 100g or 100ml. Green indicates low levels, amber indicates medium levels, and red indicates high levels of these nutrients. This color-coding allows consumers to quickly assess the nutritional quality of a product and make more informed choices.Positive Points: This system does not assign positive points but indicates low levels of certain nutrients with green labels
- Green Label: Indicates low levels of fat, saturated fat, added sugars, and sodium, signaling more balanced options.
Negative Points: These are indicated by red labels for high levels of nutrients that should be limited.- Red Label: Indicates high levels of fat, saturated fat, added sugars, and sodium, signaling less balanced options.
- Amber Label: Represents medium levels of these nutrients, indicating moderate health impact.
This visual system helps consumers quickly identify healthier and less healthy food choices based on nutrient levels..UK Traffic Light
The Traffic Lights system is a front-of-pack labeling scheme that uses color coding to indicate the nutritional quality of food products. Developed in the UK, it assigns red, amber, and green labels to represent high, medium, and low levels of fat, saturated fat, added sugars, and sodium, respectively. This visual system helps consumers make more informed food choices at a glance by highlighting the nutritional content of foods in an easily understandable format.
Criticisms
Type of measurement:
Out of Scope
Nutrient Specifc: These labels identify some components that should be limited in their consumption with a focus on individual nutrients.Color Coded: These provide a color-based measurement system that helps consumers evaluate products by specified quality of nutrients.
Unprocessed foods such as fresh fruits, vegetables, and raw meats are generally not covered by the Traffic Lights system. The focus is on processed and packaged foods where nutrient levels can vary significantly. Dietary supplements, herbs and spices, and alcoholic beverages are also excluded from the scope of this labeling system.
Adopted in
United Kingdom, the usage is voluntary.
See sources
How it works
Benefits
Products are rated from 0.5 to 5 stars based on their overall nutrient profile. The rating is calculated by balancing beneficial nutrients like protein and fiber, as well as ingredients like fruits, vegetables, and legumes, with nutrients that, when consumed in excess, are associated with health risks, such as saturated fats, added sugars, and sodium. A higher star rating reflects a more favorable nutritional balance. Positive Points: Assigned to beneficial nutrients and ingredients.
- Protein: Higher protein content earns positive points.
- Dietary Fiber: Foods high in fiber receive positive points.
- Fruits, Vegetables, Nuts, and Legumes: The inclusion of these ingredients contributes positively to the rating.
- Vitamins and Minerals: The presence of essential vitamins and minerals is also seen as beneficial and earns positive points.
Negative Points: Assigned to nutrients that should be limited to avoid potential health risks when consumed in excess:Health Star
The Health Star Rating System is a front-of-pack labeling system used in Australia and New Zealand to provide consumers with an at-a-glance guide to the nutritional quality of packaged foods. Developed in collaboration with governments, industry, and consumer groups, it rates products from 0.5 to 5 stars based on their nutrient profile, which includes nutrients such as protein, fiber, added sugars, saturated fats, and sodium, as well as the presence of ingredients like fruits, vegetables, nuts, and legumes. The higher the star rating, the more nutritionally balanced the product is considered.
Criticisms
Type of measurement:
Summary: These labels provide an overall assessment of the nutritional quality of a food product, often using a single symbol, letter grade, or star rating.Graded: These systems use scales (color, numerical, alphabetical, etc.) to evaluate and compare foods at a glance.
Out of Scope
Adopted in
FFresh, unprocessed foods like fruits and vegetables, as well as products such as condiments, sauces, and foods for special medical purposes, are not rated by the Health Star Rating system Additionally, the system excludes dietary supplements, herbs, spices, and alcoholic beverages.
Australia and New Zealand.The usage is voluntary.
See sources
How it works
Benefits
Products are assessed based on their content of added sugars, total fat, saturated fat, trans fat, and sodium per 100g or 100ml. Foods and beverages that exceed set thresholds for these nutrients are classified as less healthy. This model guides regulatory actions such as labeling, marketing restrictions, and fiscal policies to promote healthier diets. Positive Points: This model does not explicitly assign positive points, focusing instead on identifying and limiting harmful nutrients. Negative Points: Assigned to nutrients that should have limited consumption.
- Added Sugars, sweeteners: High levels earn negative points.
- Total Fat: Foods with high total fat content are given negative points.
- Saturated and Trans Fats: These unhealthy fats contribute negatively.
- Sodium (Salt): High sodium levels result in negative points.
The model is used to categorize processed foods and beverages, guiding regulations on marketing, labeling, and fiscal policies to promote healthier diets..PAHO
he PAHO Nutrient Profile Model was developed by the Pan American Health Organization to classify processed foods and beverages that are excessive in critical nutrients associated with non-communicable diseases. It evaluates products based on their content of added sugars, sodium, and total fat, including saturated and trans fats, that when consumed in excess are associated with health risks. The model aims to guide policies on food marketing, labeling, and fiscal measures to promote healthier diets in the Americas.
Criticisms
Out of Scope
The PAHO Nutrient Profile Model excludes fresh and minimally processed foods like fruits, vegetables, and unprocessed meats, which are generally considered healthy. It also does not cover dietary supplements, alcoholic beverages, herbs, and spices.
Type of measurement:
Nutrient Specifc: These labels identify some nutrients that should be limited in their consumption with a focus on individual nutrients.Warning: These systems flags nutrients that are present in high amounts relative to dietary recommendations.
Adopted in
The PAHO Nutrient Profile Model has been used for regulatory purposes in various Latin American countries, including Argentina, Mexico , and Peru. It serves as a flexible guideline, allowing each country in the Americas region to adapt it to its specific reality and needs.
See sources
How it works
Benefits
Nutri-Score NPM calculates a score based on the nutritional composition per 100g of a food product, considering both healthy nutrients and less healthy, those that should be limited when consumed in excess. Positive Points: These are assigned to nutrients and food components that are beneficial to health. These include:
- Fruits, Vegetables, and Nuts: High content earns positive points.
- Fiber: A high fiber content is considered beneficial.
- Proteins: High-quality protein content also receives positive points.
Negative Points: These are given to components that are associated with health risks when consumed in excess. These include:- Saturated Fats: Can lower score.
- Sugars: Total sugars can earn negative points.
- Sodium (Salt): High sodium content is also considered less healthy.
The total score, calculated from the sum of positive and negative points, determines the Nutri-Score of a product, which ranges from 'A' (healthier choices) to 'E' (less healthy choices).Nutriscore
The Nutri-Score is a front-of-pack nutrition labeling system designed to help consumers quickly understand the nutritional quality of food products. It assigns a letter grade from A (most nutritious) to E (least nutritious) based on the product's nutrient profile, including positive components like fiber, protein, and fruits, as well as nutrients to be limited, such as added sugars, saturated fats, and sodium when consumed in excess, which are associated with health risks. The color-coded system (green to red) facilitates easy comparison of products within the same category.
Criticisms
Type of measurement:
Summary: These labels provide an overall assessment of the nutritional quality of a food product, often using a single symbol, letter grade, or star rating.Graded: These systems use scales (color, numerical, alphabetical, etc.) to evaluate and compare foods at a glance.
Out of Scope
Products such as herbs and spices, alcoholic beverages, dietary supplements, and foods for special nutritional uses are excluded from the Nutri-Score system according to European regulations.
Adopted in
France, Belgium, Spain, Netherlands, German, Luxembourg, Switzerland. The usage is voluntary.
See sources
How it works
Benefits
Products that meet stringent nutritional criteria for lower levels of fat, added sugars, and sodium and higher levels of dietary fiber and whole grains can display the Keyhole symbol. The criteria are developed based on scientific evidence and are consistent across the Nordic countries, making it easier for consumers to choose more informed choices. It helps consumer to do more informed food options in Nordic countries based on specific nutritional criteria. Positive Points: Assigned to beneficial nutrients and ingredients.
- Whole Grains: High whole grain content is rewarded.
- Fiber: Foods rich in dietary fiber earn positive points.
- Fruits and Vegetables: The presence of these ingredients is considered beneficial.
- Reduced Calories: Foods that meet caloric reduction criteria in certain categories are also rewarded.
Negative Points: Given to components that should be limited.- Fat: Lower fat content is preferred.
- Sugars: Reduced sugar levels are favorable.
- Sodium (Salt): Lower sodium content is considered positive.
Products that meet these criteria can display the Keyhole symbol, helping consumers identify healthier choices.The Keyhole
Criticisms
The Keyhole is a nutrition label used in Nordic countries (Sweden, Denmark, Norway, and Iceland) to indicate healthier food options. Administered by respective national health authorities, it sets criteria for lower levels of fat, added sugars, and sodium, when consumed in excess are associated with health risks, and higher levels of dietary fiber and whole grains. Products that meet these criteria can display the Keyhole symbol. This label aims to make it easier for consumers to make healthier choices at the point of purchase.
Type of measurement:
Summary: These labels provide an overall assessment of the nutritional quality of a food product, often using a single symbol, letter grade, or star rating.Simple Symbols: These are systems that use a simple, clear symbol to advise consumers that a product is generally more balanced or nutritionally appropriate.
Out of Scope
Unprocessed foods such as fresh fruits, vegetables, and raw meats are not covered by the Keyhole labeling system. The system also excludes dietary supplements, herbs, spices, snacks, beverage and juice. The system focuses on processed and packaged foods where reformulation can lead to significant nutritional improvements.
Adopted in
Sweden, Denmark, Norway, Iceland, Lithuania and Macedonia. The usage is voluntary.
See sources
How it works
Benefits
Products are assessed based on their content of added sugars, total fat, saturated fat, trans fat, and sodium per 100g or 100ml. Foods and beverages that exceed set thresholds for these nutrients are classified as less healthy. This model guides regulatory actions such as labeling, marketing restrictions, and fiscal policies to promote healthier diets. Positive Points: This model does not explicitly assign positive points, focusing instead on identifying and limiting harmful nutrients. Negative Points: Assigned to nutrients that should have limited consumption.
- Added Sugars, sweeteners: High levels earn negative points.
- Total Fat: Foods with high total fat content are given negative points.
- Saturated and Trans Fats: These unhealthy fats contribute negatively.
- Sodium (Salt): High sodium levels result in negative points.
The model is used to categorize processed foods and beverages, guiding regulations on marketing, labeling, and fiscal policies to promote healthier diets..PAHO
he PAHO Nutrient Profile Model was developed by the Pan American Health Organization to classify processed foods and beverages that are excessive in critical nutrients associated with non-communicable diseases. It evaluates products based on their content of added sugars, sodium, and total fat, including saturated and trans fats, that when consumed in excess are associated with health risks. The model aims to guide policies on food marketing, labeling, and fiscal measures to promote healthier diets in the Americas.
Criticisms
Out of Scope
The PAHO Nutrient Profile Model excludes fresh and minimally processed foods like fruits, vegetables, and unprocessed meats, which are generally considered healthy. It also does not cover dietary supplements, alcoholic beverages, herbs, and spices.
Type of measurement:
Nutrient Specifc: These labels identify some nutrients that should be limited in their consumption with a focus on individual nutrients.Warning: These systems flag nutrients that are present in high amounts, indicating they may exceed dietary recommendations or thresholds.
Adopted in
The PAHO Nutrient Profile Model has been used for regulatory purposes in various Latin American countries, including Argentina, Mexico , and Peru. It serves as a flexible guideline, allowing each country in the Americas region to adapt it to its specific reality and needs.
See sources
How it works
Benefits
Products that meet specific nutritional criteria for lower levels of fat, added sugar, and sodium, and higher levels of whole grains and fiber, can display the Healthier Choice symbol. The criteria are category-specific, ensuring that healthier options within each food category are easily identifiable to consumers.Positive Points: Assigned to beneficial nutrients.
- Whole Grains: Products high in whole grains earn positive points.
- Fiber: High dietary fiber content is rewarded.
- Vitamins and Minerals: Presence of essential nutrients contributes positively.
Negative Points: Given to less favorable components.- Fat: Products with lower fat content are preferred.
- Sugars: Low sugar levels are favored.
- Sodium (Salt): Reduced sodium content is considered positive.
Products meeting these criteria can display the Healthier Choice symbol, guiding consumers to healthier options.Healthier Choice
The Healthier Choice symbol is a front-of-pack label used in Singapore to help consumers identify healthier food options within specific product categories. Administered by the Health Promotion Board, products that meet stringent nutritional criteria for lower levels of fat, added sugar, and sodium that when consumed in excess are associated with health risks, and higher levels of whole grains and fiber, can display the symbol. The goal is to encourage healthier eating habits among the population.
Criticisms
Out of Scope
Type of measurement:
Fresh, unprocessed foods such as fruits, vegetables, and raw meats are generally not included in the Healthier Choice labeling. The system is aimed at processed and packaged foods that can vary in their nutritional content. Dietary supplements, herbs and spices, and alcoholic beverages are also excluded from the Healthier Choice program.
Summary: These labels provide an overall assessment of the nutritional quality of a food product, often using a single symbol, letter grade, or star rating.Simple Symbols: These are systems that use a simple, clear symbol to advise consumers that a product is generally healthy or unhealthy.
Adopted in
Singapore and Thailand. The usage is voluntary.
See sources
How it works
Benefits
Products are evaluated based on their content of energy, saturated fats, added sugars, and sodium. Each nutrient is assigned points, and the total score determines if a product is classified as high in fat, sugar, or salt. Foods with higher scores are considered less balanced. This scoring helps in identifying and regulating the marketing of less healthy foods. Positive Points: Assigned to nutrients that contribute to a healthier diet.
- Vitamins: Foods rich in essential vitamins earn positive points.
- Minerals: Presence of beneficial minerals like calcium and iron is rewarded.
- Dietary Fiber: High fiber content is considered favorable.
- Omega-3 Fatty Acids: These healthy fats contribute positive points.
- Whole Grains: Foods containing whole grains receive positive points.
Negative Points: Assigned to nutrients that should have limited consumption.- Saturated Fat: High levels are given negative points.
- Added Sugars: Excess added sugar content scores negatively.
- Sodium (Salt): High sodium levels also contribute negative points.\
The total score determines the number of stars a product receives, ranging from zero to three stars, with more stars indicating better nutritional quality.Guiding Stars
Criticisms
Guiding Stars is a nutrition guidance program developed in the United States that rates the nutritional quality of food products using a simple star system. Foods are evaluated based on their content of vitamins, minerals, dietary fiber, whole grains, omega-3 fatty acids, and nutrients to be limited, such as added sugars, saturated fat, and sodium that when consumed in excess are associated with health risks. Products receive one, two, or three stars, with three stars indicating the highest nutritional value. This system aims to help consumers make healthier choices easily.
Type of measurement:
Summary: These labels provide an overall assessment of the nutritional quality of a food product, often using a single symbol, letter grade, or star rating.Graded: These systems use scales (color, numerical, alphabetical, etc.) to evaluate and compare foods at a glance.
Adopted in
Out of Scope
United States and Canada, the usage is voluntary.
The Guiding Stars system does not cover fresh, unprocessed foods such as fruits, vegetables, and meats. It focuses on packaged and processed foods, providing ratings based on their nutrient content. Additionally, dietary supplements, herbs and spices, and alcoholic beverages are not included in the scope of the Guiding Stars ratings.
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How it works
Benefits
Products are rated from 0.5 to 5 stars based on their overall nutrient profile. The rating is calculated by balancing beneficial nutrients like protein and fiber, as well as ingredients like fruits, vegetables, and legumes, with nutrients that, when consumed in excess, are associated with health risks, such as saturated fats, added sugars, and sodium. A higher star rating reflects a more favorable nutritional balance. Positive Points: Assigned to beneficial nutrients and ingredients.
- Protein: Higher protein content earns positive points.
- Dietary Fiber: Foods high in fiber receive positive points.
- Fruits, Vegetables, Nuts, and Legumes: The inclusion of these ingredients contributes positively to the rating.
- Vitamins and Minerals: The presence of essential vitamins and minerals is also seen as beneficial and earns positive points.
Negative Points: Assigned to nutrients that should be limited to avoid potential health risks when consumed in excess:Health Star
The Health Star Rating System is a front-of-pack labeling system used in Australia and New Zealand to provide consumers with an at-a-glance guide to the nutritional quality of packaged foods. Developed in collaboration with governments, industry, and consumer groups, it rates products from 0.5 to 5 stars based on their nutrient profile, which includes nutrients such as protein, fiber, added sugars, saturated fats, and sodium, as well as the presence of ingredients like fruits, vegetables, nuts, and legumes. The higher the star rating, the more nutritionally balanced the product is considered.
Criticisms
Type of measurement:
Summary: These labels provide an overall assessment of the nutritional quality of a food product, often using a single symbol, letter grade, or star rating.Graded: These systems use scales (color, numerical, alphabetical, etc.) to evaluate and compare foods at a glance.
Out of Scope
Adopted in
FFresh, unprocessed foods like fruits and vegetables, as well as products such as condiments, sauces, and foods for special medical purposes, are not rated by the Health Star Rating system Additionally, the system excludes dietary supplements, herbs, spices, and alcoholic beverages.
Australia and New Zealand.The usage is voluntary.
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How it works
Benefits
Nutri-Score NPM calculates a score based on the nutritional composition per 100g of a food product, considering both healthy nutrients and less healthy, those that should be limited when consumed in excess. Positive Points: These are assigned to nutrients and food components that are beneficial to health. These include:
- Fruits, Vegetables, and Nuts: High content earns positive points.
- Fiber: A high fiber content is considered beneficial.
- Proteins: High-quality protein content also receives positive points.
Negative Points: These are given to components that are associated with health risks when consumed in excess. These include:- Saturated Fats: Can lower score.
- Sugars: Total sugars can earn negative points.
- Sodium (Salt): High sodium content is also considered less healthy.
The total score, calculated from the sum of positive and negative points, determines the Nutri-Score of a product, which ranges from 'A' (healthier choices) to 'E' (less healthy choices).Nutriscore
The Nutri-Score is a front-of-pack nutrition labeling system designed to help consumers quickly understand the nutritional quality of food products. It assigns a letter grade from A (most nutritious) to E (least nutritious) based on the product's nutrient profile, including positive components like fiber, protein, and fruits, as well as nutrients to be limited, such as added sugars, saturated fats, and sodium when consumed in excess, which are associated with health risks. The color-coded system (green to red) facilitates easy comparison of products within the same category.
Criticisms
Type of measurement:
Summary: These labels provide an overall assessment of the nutritional quality of a food product, often using a single symbol, letter grade, or star rating.Graded: These systems use scales (color, numerical, alphabetical, etc.) to evaluate and compare foods at a glance.
Out of Scope
Products such as herbs and spices, alcoholic beverages, dietary supplements, and foods for special nutritional uses are excluded from the Nutri-Score system according to European regulations.
Adopted in
France, Belgium, Spain, Netherlands, German, Luxembourg, Switzerland. The usage is voluntary.
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How it works
Benefits
Products are labeled with colors red, amber, and green based on their levels of fat, saturated fat, added sugars, and sodium, per 100g or 100ml. Green indicates low levels, amber indicates medium levels, and red indicates high levels of these nutrients. This color-coding allows consumers to quickly assess the nutritional quality of a product and make more informed choices.Positive Points: This system does not assign positive points but indicates low levels of certain nutrients with green labels
- Green Label: Indicates low levels of fat, saturated fat, added sugars, and sodium, signaling more balanced options.
Negative Points: These are indicated by red labels for high levels of nutrients that should be limited.- Red Label: Indicates high levels of fat, saturated fat, added sugars, and sodium, signaling less balanced options.
- Amber Label: Represents medium levels of these nutrients, indicating moderate health impact.
This visual system helps consumers quickly identify healthier and less healthy food choices based on nutrient levels..UK Traffic Light
The Traffic Lights system is a front-of-pack labeling scheme that uses color coding to indicate the nutritional quality of food products. Developed in the UK, it assigns red, amber, and green labels to represent high, medium, and low levels of fat, saturated fat, added sugars, and sodium, respectively. This visual system helps consumers make more informed food choices at a glance by highlighting the nutritional content of foods in an easily understandable format.
Criticisms
Type of measurement:
Out of Scope
Nutrient Specifc: These labels identify some components that should be limited in their consumption with a focus on individual nutrients.Color Coded: These provide a color-based measurement system that helps consumers evaluate products by specified quality of nutrients.
Unprocessed foods such as fresh fruits, vegetables, and raw meats are generally not covered by the Traffic Lights system. The focus is on processed and packaged foods where nutrient levels can vary significantly. Dietary supplements, herbs and spices, and alcoholic beverages are also excluded from the scope of this labeling system.
Adopted in
United Kingdom, the usage is voluntary.
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