2 stroke engine

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2 Stroke Engine

Conclusions

Braking system

Exhaust system

Air or liquid cooling system

How does it work?

What is a two-stroke engine?

Index

The 2-stroke engine is a type of internal combustion engine that works on the basis of two phases, one following the other. Unlike the 4t engine, the 2-stroke engine has higher engine speeds, better performance and simpler mechanics; on the other hand, compared to the other type of engine, it has higher consumption, lower torque and requires recurring maintenance and the addition of oil mixed with petrol to ensure good lubrication. The first 2-stroke engine in history was invented in 1878-1879 by the Scotsman Dugald Clerk.

What is a two-stroke engine?

The 2-stroke engine is based on two phases: the intake phase and the compression phase. During the intake phase, the decompression created in the cylinder by the piston causes the air, oil and petrol mixture to enter from the intake port and the unburned mixture from the exhaust (expansion). During the compression phase, it initially lets out the exhaust gases and subsequently compresses the mixture. When the mixture reaches maximum pressure, it explodes thanks also to the spark generated by the spark plug. The movement of the piston is transformed into a rotary movement of the crankshaft, thanks to the connecting rod crank mechanism. The formation of the mixture occurs thanks to the carburettor placed before the intake part of the engine.

How does it work?

Brakes are devices used to stop, slow, or hold vehicles. Brakes can be disc brakes or drum brakes.

Braking system

+ info

The main parts of a drum braking system are the drum and two brake shoes. The drum is a metal cylinder that spins with the wheel. The brake shoes are curved pieces of metal lined with a friction material made of asbestos and other fibers called brake linings. When the driver presses the brake pedal, the brake shoes push against the inside of the drum. The pressure causes friction that slows or stops the wheel.

Drum brakes

A disc brake has a metal that spins with the wheel. When you press the brake pedal, devices called calipers grip the disc, slowing or stopping the wheel.

Disc brakes

Liquid cooling is based on maintaining a temperature in a range as constant as possible of a heat engine thanks to the presence of a radiator and a water pump that circulates the coolant that heats up and cools continuously.

Air cooling is a system for maintaining a constant temperature of an internal combustion engine, preventing breakage or melting due to the high temperatures reached during operation, thanks to fins and external appendages to the components that reach high temperatures.

Air or liquid cooling system

The exhaust system is composed of the expansion, which conveys the exhaust gasses towards the rear of the vehicle, and the silencer whose purpose is to reduce the noise. During the descent phase, the piston uncovers the exhaust port. The resonant expansion, if present, speeds up this phase, thanks to the depression developed by the first section of the same.

Exhaust system

In conclusion we will see the advantages and disadvantages of the two-stroke engine.

Conclusions

Advantages

Disadvantages

The presence on the market of this type of engine is questioned, indeed it is being replaced by the four-stroke engine and more recently also by electric motors.

Why?

For these reasons, two-stroke engines are used mainly in specific areas, such as sports. The two-stroke engine is widely used in competitions exactly because of the better performance it provides.

made by: Martini Teo, Biondi Alessio, Talora Samuel

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• Construction Simplicity: They have fewer components, making them lighter and more compact.
• Power: They produce more power per displacement than four-stroke engines.
• Acceleration: They respond more quickly to the accelerator, offering a feeling of greater reactivity.

• Environmental Regulations: More and more countries and regions are introducing stricter regulations on emissions, pushing industries to develop cleaner technologies. Two-stroke engines struggle to meet these standards.
• Sustainability: There is a growing demand for greener and more sustainable solutions. Electric and hybrid engines, which produce zero direct emissions, are gaining popularity.

The hydraulic brake system is still the backbone of braking technology in modern vehicles. They use liquid pressure to force the brake shoes against the drums.The fluid is contained in chambers called wheel cylinders. These wheel cylinders, filled with fluid, are connected by pipes to a container of fluid called a master cylinder. When the driver pushes the brake pedal, it pushes a piston in the master cylinder. This piston pushes the fluid along the tubes and against the pistons in the wheel cylinders. These pistons press the brake shoes against the brake drum and slow or stop the wheel.

Hydraulic brake system

• Consumption: They consume more fuel than four-stroke engines.
• Polluting Emissions: They produce more polluting emissions.