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Módulo didático Múltiplos e divisores

Dina Pereira

Created on September 23, 2024

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Unidade 1

Múltiplos e Divisores

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Aplicações

Máximo Divisor Comum

Self-evaluation

Múltiplos

Divisores

Mínimo Múltiplo Comum

BORA LÁ...

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Múltiplo e divisores - Vamos ouvir

Múltiplos de 2 M(2) = {0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 2 . k, ...} Múltiplos de 3 M(3) = {0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, 3 . k, ...}

Múltiplos

Os múltiplos de um número são obtidos multiplicando o número por um fator.

Exemplo: 6 é um múltiplo de 2, pois 2 x 3 = 6 2 é um divisor de 6, pois 6 2 = 3 Sendo assim, os múltiplos de um número podem ser obtidos multiplicando-o por 1, 2, 3, 4, 5… Logo, os múltiplos de um número são infinitos.

os divisores de um número são aqueles cuja divisão tem como resultado um número inteiro, ou seja, a divisão é exata.

Divisores

Vamos ver os divisores de 40: Divisão de 40 por 5. Divisão de 40 por 7. Vê que na divisão de 40 por 5 não há resto, ou seja, a divisão é exata e, portanto, 5 é divisor de 40. No outro exemplo restam 5 unidades após a divisão, então 7 não é divisor de 40.

Verifica alguns divisores de n.ºs naturais

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mínimo múltiplo comum

Cálculo do M.M.C. Podemos calcular o m.m.c. de dois ou mais números utilizando a fatoração. Acompanha o cálculo do m.m.c. de 12 e 30: Assim, podemos dizer que:

O que é M.M.C.? Dois ou mais números sempre têm múltiplos comuns a eles. Vamos achar os múltiplos comuns de 4 e 6: Múltiplos de 6: 0, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30,... Múltiplos de 4: 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24,... Múltiplos comuns de 4 e 6: 0, 12, 24,... De entre estes múltiplos, diferentes de zero, 12 é o menor deles. Chamamos ao 12 mínimo múltiplo comum de 4 e 6.

Mínimo múltiplo comum

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máximo divisor comum

Cálculo do M.D.C. Para calcular o máximo divisor comum (MDC) entre números, devemos realizar a fatoração por meio da decomposição em fatores primos dos números indicados. Para exemplificar, vamos calcular através da fatoração: o MDC entre o 20 e 24. o MDC entre o 18 e o 60

O que é M.D.C.? O máximo divisor comum (MDC ou M.D.C) corresponde ao produto dos divisores comuns entre dois ou mais números inteiros. Lembra-te que os números divisores são aqueles que ocorrem quando o resto da divisão é igual a zero. O m.d.c. de dois ou mais números, quando fatorados, é o produto dos fatores comuns a eles, cada um elevado ao menor expoente.

máximo divisor comum

aplicações

Problemas

Numa escola, há 120 alunos no 5.º ano, 144 no 6.º e 60 no 7.º. Na semana cultural, todos esses alunos serão organizados em equipas, com o mesmo número de elementos, sem misturar alunos de anos diferentes. Calcula o número máximo de alunos que pode haver em cada equipa:

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problemas

a) 40 e 64 b) 80, 100 e 120

Exercício 4 Determina o MMC e o MDC dos números a seguir:

Exercício 3 Considera um número natural. A seguir, classifica as afirmações como verdadeiras ou falsas e justifiqua. a) O máximodivisor comum de 24 e 21 pode ser 7. b) O máximodivisor comum de 55 e 15 pode ser 5.

Exercício 2 Calcula o MMC e o MDC entre 36 e 44.

Exercício 1 Em relação aos números 12 e 18, determina sem considerar o 1. a) Os divisores de 12. b) Os divisores de 18. c) Os divisores comuns de 12 e 18. d) O máximo divisor comum de 12 e 18.

Problemas

Exercício 8 Seja A = 120, B = 160, x = mmc (A,B) e y = mdc (A,B), então o valor de x + y é igual a: a) 460 b) 480 c) 500 d) 520 e) 540

Exercício 5Utilizando a fatoração em números primos, determina: quais são os dois números consecutivos cujo mmc é 1260? a) 32 e 33 b) 33 e 34 c) 35 e 36 d) 37 e 38

Problemas

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