Cells
Justin Jacobs
Created on September 22, 2024
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Transcript
Whats Happening With Yours
Cells
There Are Two Types of Cells Eukaryotic And Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic Cells are bigger, they have nuclease, and have membrane bond organells
Differences
Similarties
Both have cell membranes, have DNA, and have ribosomes.
What You Have
You have a Eukaryotic cell
Your organelles being membrane-bound means that they have a membrane wrapped around the whole organelle that lets it attach to the cells membrane allowing for better compartmentalization. This includes the rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus, vacuoles, mitochondria, nuclease, and lysosomes Compartamentalization is used to organize the cell to make it easier for reasorces to get to where the need to be in the cell quicker. An example of this is your rough endoplasmic reticulum being stuck right in the middle of your cell next to the nuclease so it can get the genetic information it needs faster to make protiens.
But What Does That Mean
What Does All Those Organelles Do
Nucleus: The nuclease is what contains all of your cells' DNA as well as producing the mRNA and ribosomes that is used in transcription and protein synthesis.Rough endoplasmic reticulum: The rough endoplasmic reticulum or rough er is what produces proteins for the rest of your cell it does this by using the ribosomes that it covered with Smooth Er: Produces lipids, anything else the cell needs, and helps detoxifies the cell.Golgi apparatus: Accepts proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum and further processes and sorts them for transport to there final destination.Centriole: These are tubes made of microtubes put together next to your nuclease and open up during mitosis, when your cells duplicate, to split your chromosomes in half.
Lysosome: Breaks down material that is in the cell, either material from outside the cell being broken down for there components, or parts of the cell itself that have been replaced.Vesicle: Small pieces of the membrane from other organelles that is used to move proteins and other materials from one organelle to another, and to remove waste material.Cell membrane: Provides protection of the cell as well as alwoing things in and out of the cell to maintain homeostasis.Mitochondria: An organelle with two membranes that produces the energy for your cell in the form of ATP aswell as holding some genetic information.Ribosomes: Synthesis the proteins needed in your cell using mRNA from the nuclease usually is attached to rough endoplasmic reticulum.
Centrioles
Mitochondria
Nuclues
Cell Membrane
Vesicle
Lysomes
Golgi Apparatus
Smooth ER
Rough Er
Ribosomes
You cells are so small to maximize the surface area to volume ratio. This is how much surface area you have to how much volume you have in you cell you want this ration to be favored towards the surface area as it can be so because your cells can only absorb things through their surfaces and the larger it is on the inside the longer it takes for resources to reach parts of the cell.
Why They are so Small
What's wrong with your cells
Your cells are having their lysosomes fail which is preventing your cells from cleaning themselves causing them to die due to a build-up of toxins leading to your cells failing and damage to your organs. Your cells are also unable to break down the basic things they need to stay alive and get energy causing even more damage. Your lysomes failing is affecting every part of your cell by either crowed it with unnecessary materials or by not being able to provide the materials broken down.
What systems are failing
Your lysomes are part of what is called the endomembrane system. This is a system in which genetic material leaves the nuclease as mRNA goes to the endroplamsic reticulum and gets synthesised into proteins from there they are shipped using vesicles to the golgi apparatus where the proteins undergo final folding they are then shipped wherever they are meant to going including your vesicles. Your vesicle are causing part of this chain be be disturbed which is messing with the rest of it making it more difficult to synthesise proteins as well. Preventing your organelles from getting what they need to function properly. Causing more damage.
Treatments
The good news is there are some treatment options. You can try enzyme replacement therapy where the enzymes that you lysomes lack are put back into your body intravenously. You can also try stem cell transplants to help produce the enzymes you need. You can also try substrate Reduction Therapy where you take medication to reduce the substances that build up in your cells.