Zehar-galdera (B1.2)

Zehar-galdera

Osagarriak vszehar-galderak

Trebatu

Aldaketa fonetikoak

Menderagailuak

10

Esanahia + Funtzioa

Ohiko aditzak

Ariketa gehiago

Ohiko akatsak

Beste

RULe list LOREM IPSUM DOLOR

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10

Lorem ipsum dolor

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rule list LOREM IPSUM DOLOR

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit, sed diam

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit, sed diam

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit, sed diam

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit, sed diam

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit, sed diam

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Menderagailuak aditz nagusian eragiten dituen aldaketa fonetikoak.

Menderagailuak aditzean eragiten dituen aldaketa fonetikoak (cambios fonéticos en el verbo producidos tras añadirle la conjunción): –t + -(e)n = -dan: dut > dudan, dizut > dizudan. –a + -(e)n = -en: zara > zaren, da > den. –e / -o / -u + -(e)n: -en, -oen, -uen: digute > diguten, dago > dagoen, ditugu > ditugun. –n + -(e)n = -n: zen > zen, zineten > zineten.

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Auskalo

Auskalo giltzak oraingoan non ahaztu ditudan!

Hara!, Batek daki ...! Auskalo... ! Kontuz....! Berdin dit...! eta beste esamolde batzuek ez dute osagarririk hartzen baizik eta zehar-galderak.

• Batek daki erregeak hil arte iraungo dueN!
• Horra zer ekarri dueN katuak: txori hil bat!
• Berdin dit txoria ala sugandila deN, atera hemendik!
• Kontuz kalea zeharkatzerakoan nora begiratzeN duzun!

-(E)N eta eratorriak

• EA ... -(E)N > perpaus nagusia falta denean edo agintea.

Ea nork esaten didan zein urtetan amaitu zen LMG?Galdeiozu ea ogitartekoa ahaztu duen.

• -(E)N ALA EZ: -n-en forma indartua.

Ez dit esan etorriko den ala ez. Ezin izan dut jakin asteartean hasiko den ala ez.

Osagarria ala zehar-galdera?

Katua beltza da. Jonek katua beltza deLA esan du. (osagarria > adierazpena) Katua beltza da? Jonek katu beltza deN galdetu du. (zehar-galdera) Batzuetan biak posible dira -eta zuzenak- baino esangura aldatzen da. Amak joango dela esateko deitu du. (mezua = baieztatu du joango dela). Amak joango den esateko deitu du. (mezua= jakin nahi du joango den ala ez).

Zalantza edo galdera adierazteko erabiltzen dira.

Zer? galderari erantzuten diote eta osagarri zuzenaren funtzioa betetzen dute.

Galdera bai/ez erakoa edo zati galdera izan daiteke.

• Ez nago ziur zure katua beltza deN (ala ez).
• EA zure izen-abizenetaz ondo oroitzen naizeN.
• Ba al dakizu klasea zer ordutan amaitzen deN?
• Ez dit galdetu irakaslea naizeN (ala ez).

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1. Perpaus menderatuari menderagailurik ez jartzea Ez dakit non *dago > dagoen. 2. Menderagailua ez jarri eta ba-rekin ordezkatu. Ez dakit ea etorriko *bada > ea etorriko den. 3. Erlatiboa eta zehar-galdera nahastea. Kontuz esaten *duzunarekin > zer esaten duzun! (Cuidado con lo que dices) 4. Ez nahastu (No hay nada que hacer) Ez dago ezer egiterik edo Ez dago zer eginik inoiz: Ez dago zer egiterik.

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Galdera eta zalantza

Zer? galderari erantzuten diote.

Mendeko perpausak galdera (bai/ez galdera ala zati galdera) edo zalantza adierazten du eta zer? ordezkatzen du.

• Gernika non dagoEN jakin nahi dut, aurrez aurre ikusi nahi dut-eta.
• Arratsaldez joateko baimena eman al dizuteN itaun didate bulegotik.
• Zure katua beltza den (ala ez) zalantza daukat.

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Azalpen elebiduna.

Galdera-esaldiak ( galdera zuzenak) eta zehar-galderak.

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GALDERA-ESALDIAK (Frases interrogativas) Pueden ser de dos tipos: Directas (galdera zuzenak) Zer ordu da? ¿Qué hora es? Non dago museoa? ¿Dónde está el museo? Indirectas (Zehar galderak): incluidas dentro de otra pregunta Badakizu zer ordu den? ¿Sabes qué hora es? Esango didazu non dagoen museoa? ¿Me puedes decir dónde está el museo? Incluidas dentro de otra frase que no tiene por qué ser una pregunta Ez dut gogoratzen non ipini dudan erlojua. No recuerdo dónde he puesto el reloj Ez dakit bazkaltzera etorriko diren. No sé si vendrán a comer. Las indirectas son las que llamamos en euskara ZEHAR GALDERAK. Para construirlas utilizamos la fórmula siguiente: añadir al verbo auxiliar ..-(e)N Ez dakit non dagoEN (no se donde está) A veces son introducidas por la partícula ea (a ver si... / ...si...) Galdetu EA etorri dEN (pregunta a ver si ha venido) También pueden llevar la formula ...-(e)N ala EZ Ez dakit joango naizEN ala ez (no se si iré o no)

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